scholarly journals Evidence for Innate Immune System Activation in HIV Type 1–Infected Elite Controllers

2013 ◽  
Vol 209 (6) ◽  
pp. 931-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya Krishnan ◽  
Eleanor M. P. Wilson ◽  
Virginia Sheikh ◽  
Adam Rupert ◽  
Daniel Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Elite Controllers ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Hiv Type 1

The Complexity of the Innate Immune System Activation in Stroke Pathogenesis

2015 ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
María Isabel Cuartero ◽  
Ignacio Lizasoain ◽  
María Ángeles Moro ◽  
Ivan Ballesteros
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation

scholarly journals Innate immune system activation by viral RNA: How to predict it?

Virology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 488 ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kondili ◽  
M. Roux ◽  
N. Vabret ◽  
M. Bailly-Bechet
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation

scholarly journals Toll-like receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns: novel links between inflammation and hypertension

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (2) ◽  
pp. H184-H196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron G. McCarthy ◽  
Styliani Goulopoulou ◽  
Camilla F. Wenceslau ◽  
Kathryn Spitler ◽  
Takayuki Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Damage Associated Molecular Patterns

Low-grade systemic inflammation is a common manifestation of hypertension; however, the exact mechanisms that initiate this pathophysiological response, thereby contributing to further increases in blood pressure, are not well understood. Aberrant vascular inflammation and reactivity via activation of the innate immune system may be the first step in the pathogenesis of hypertension. One of the functions of the innate immune system is to recognize and respond to danger. Danger signals can arise from not only pathogenic stimuli but also endogenous molecules released following cell injury and/or death [damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)]. In the short-term, activation of the innate immune system is beneficial in the vasculature by providing cytoprotective mechanisms and facilitating tissue repair following injury or infection. However, sustained or excessive immune system activation, such as in autoimmune diseases, may be deleterious and can lead to maladaptive, irreversible changes to vascular structure and function. An initial source of DAMPs that enter the circulation to activate the innate immune system could arise from modest elevations in peripheral vascular resistance. These stimuli could subsequently lead to ischemic- or pressure-induced events aggravating further cell injury and/or death, providing more DAMPs for innate immune system activation. This review will address and critically evaluate the current literature on the role of the innate immune system in hypertension pathogenesis. The role of Toll-like receptor activation on somatic cells of the vasculature in response to the release of DAMPs and the consequences of this activation on inflammation, vasoreactivity, and vascular remodeling will be specifically discussed.

Innate immune system activation in MPS I canine vascular disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. S109-S110
Author(s):  
Moin Vera ◽  
Steven Le ◽  
Shih-hsin Kan ◽  
Patricia Dickson ◽  
Raymond Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Mps I

scholarly journals Inflammation and innate immune system activation in neurodegeneration, Down syndrome, aging, and infection: Therapeutic target or partner?

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (S9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huntington Potter ◽  
Timothy D. Boyd ◽  
Md. Mahiuddin Ahmed ◽  
Lon V. Kendall ◽  
Stefan H Sillau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation

scholarly journals Variation in Immune-Related Gene Expression Provides Evidence of Local Adaptation in Porites astreoides (Lamarck, 1816) between Inshore and Offshore Meta-Populations Inhabiting the Lower Florida Reef Tract, USA

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2107
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Haslun ◽  
Briana Hauff-Salas ◽  
Kevin B. Strychar ◽  
James M. Cervino ◽  
Nathaniel E. Ostrom
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Florida Reef Tract ◽  
Porites Astreoides ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
Reef Tract ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Reef Zone

Coral communities of the Florida Reef Tract (FRT) have changed dramatically over the past 30 years. Coral cover throughout the FRT is disproportionately distributed; >70% of total coral cover is found within the inshore patch reef zone (<2 km from shore) compared to 30% found within the offshore bank reef zone (>5 km from shore). Coral mortality from disease has been differentially observed between inshore and offshore reefs along the FRT. Therefore, differences between the response of inshore and offshore coral populations to bacterial challenge may contribute to differences in coral cover. We examined immune system activation in Porites astreoides (Lamarck, 1816), a species common in both inshore and offshore reef environments in the FRT. Colonies from a representative inshore and offshore site were reciprocally transplanted and the expression of three genes monitored biannually for two years (two summer and two winter periods). Variation in the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit H (eIF3H), an indicator of cellular stress in Porites astreoides, did not follow annual patterns of seawater temperatures (SWT) indicating the contribution of other stressors (e.g., irradiance). Greater expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor 3 (TRAF3), a signaling protein of the inflammatory response, was observed among corals transplanted to, or located within the offshore environment indicating that an increased immune response is associated with offshore coral more so than the inshore coral (p < 0.001). Corals collected from the offshore site also upregulated the expression of adenylyl cyclase associated protein 2 (ACAP2), increases which are associated with decreasing innate immune system inflammatory responses, indicating a counteractive response to increased stimulation of the innate immune system. Activation of the innate immune system is a metabolically costly survival strategy. Among the two reefs studied, the offshore population had a smaller mean colony size and decreased colony abundance compared to the inshore site. This correlation suggests that tradeoffs may exist between the activation of the innate immune system and survival and growth. Consequently, immune system activation may contribute to coral community dynamics and declines along the FRT.

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