scholarly journals Placental Malaria and the Risk of Malaria in Infants in a High Malaria Transmission Area in Ghana: A Prospective Cohort Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 208 (9) ◽  
pp. 1504-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwaku Poku Asante ◽  
Seth Owusu-Agyei ◽  
Matthew Cairns ◽  
Daniel Dodoo ◽  
Ellen Abrafi Boamah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Transmission Area

scholarly journals PO 8302 IMPACT OF TWO ANNUAL ROUNDS OF MASS DRUG ADMINISTRATION WITH DIHYDROARTEMISININ-PIPERAQUINE ON MALARIA TRANSMISSION IN A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A28.2-A28
Author(s):  
Julia Mwesigwa ◽  
Jane Achan ◽  
Miriam Wathuo ◽  
Archibald Worwui ◽  
Nuredin Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Clinical Malaria ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Transmission Season

BackgroundMass drug administration (MDA) may reduce malaria transmission in low-transmission areas and interrupt transmission. The impact of MDA with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) on malaria infection and clinical malaria was determined in a prospective cohort study in The Gambia.MethodsSingle annual MDA rounds with DP were done in 2014 and 2015 in a prospective cohort among residents aged >6 months in twelve villages in The Gambia at the start of the transmission season in June. Monthly blood samples for microscopy and PCR were collected during the transmission season from July to December, post MDA and once before MDA during the dry season in April. The incidence of infection and clinical malaria post-MDA were compared to 2013 and mixed effects logistic regression models assessed the efficacy and risk of re-infection post MDA.ResultsCoverage of 3 DP doses was 68.22% in 2014 and 65.60% in 2015. Compliance to 3 doses was high, 83.11% in 2014 and 85.93% in 2015. Incidence of infection in 2014 (2014: IR=0.23 PPY, 2013: IR=1.12 PPY, p<0.01) and clinical malaria in 2014 (2014: IR=0.08 PPY, 2013: IR=0.39: IRR=0.22, p<0.01) and 2015 (2015: IR=0.19, 2013:IR=0.38, IRR=0.50, p<0.01) was significantly lower after MDA compared to 2013. The incidence of clinical malaria remained higher in eastern Gambia compared to the western region. Subjects that took 3 DP doses had lower odds of infection in 2014 at 28 days (OR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.38–0.99) and 42 days (2014: OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.29–0.89)ConclusionA single annual MDA round with DP temporarily reduced malaria infection and clinical disease during the transmission season and subjects that took 3 doses had lower risk of infection. However, several MDA rounds covering the entire transmission season and some targeting the human reservoir during the dry season, are needed to achieve a more marked sustained reduction of transmission.

scholarly journals Mass Drug Administration With Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and Malaria Transmission Dynamics in The Gambia: A Prospective Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Mwesigwa ◽  
Jane Achan ◽  
Muna Affara ◽  
Miriam Wathuo ◽  
Archibald Worwui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Low Transmission

Abstract Background Mass drug administration (MDA) may further reduce malaria transmission in low-transmission areas. The impact of MDA on the dynamics of malaria transmission was determined in a prospective cohort study. Methods Annual rounds of MDA with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) were implemented were implemented in 2014 and 2015 in six village pairs before the malaria transmission season. Blood samples were collected from residents between July and December for microscopy and nested PCR. Incidence and prevalence of infection, clinical disease, and risk of malaria reinfection post-MDA were determined. Results Coverage of three DP doses was 68.2% (2014) and 65.6% (2015), compliance was greater than 80%. Incidence of infection was significantly lower in 2014 (incidence rate [IR] = 0.2 per person year [PPY]) than in 2013 (IR = 1.1 PPY; P < .01); monthly infection prevalence declined in the first three months post-MDA. Clinical malaria incidence was lower in 2014 (IR = 0.1 PPY) and 2015 (IR = 0.2 PPY) than in 2013 (IR = 0.4 PPY; P < .01), but remained higher in eastern Gambia. Individuals infected before MDA had a 2-fold higher odds of reinfection post-MDA (adjusted odds ratio = 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.5–4.3; P < .01). Conclusions MDA reduced malaria infection and clinical disease during the first months. The reduction was maintained in low-transmission areas, but not in eastern Gambia. Annual MDA could be followed by focal MDA targeting individuals infected during the dry season. Repeated MDA rounds, some during the dry season over larger geographical areas, may result in a more marked and sustained decrease of malaria transmission.

Organizational Justice and Health of Employees: Prospective Cohort Study.

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Kivimaki ◽  
Marko Elovainio ◽  
Jussi Vahtera ◽  
Marianna Virtanen ◽  
Jane E. Ferrie
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort

Cynical distrust increases breast cancer risk: Evidence from a prospective cohort study

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Aro ◽  
H. J. de Koning ◽  
K. Vehkalahti ◽  
P. Absetz ◽  
M. Schreck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort
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