‘The Makings of a Success’: The Global Compact on Refugees and the Inaugural Global Refugee Forum

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-339
Author(s):  
Gillian D Triggs ◽  
Patrick C J Wall
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Global Compact ◽  
Reflective Assessment ◽  
Refugee Protection ◽  
International Response ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Strengthening Exercise ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

Abstract The last five years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of forcibly displaced people worldwide, and a key part of the international response has been a multilateral and multi-stakeholder effort to develop an architecture to share more equitably and predictably the burden and responsibility for hosting and supporting the world’s refugees. This piece offers a reflective assessment of this regime-strengthening exercise – the key milestones of which have been the New York Declaration, the Global Compact on Refugees, and the first Global Refugee Forum – and assesses what has been achieved and what challenges still lie ahead. The Global Compact on Refugees is presented as the product of a ‘States plus’ approach to multilateralism that brought together a wide range of States, other stakeholders, and – importantly – refugees to fill a crucial gap in the international refugee protection regime. It seeks to do this by bolstering international cooperation with a view to enhancing protection and expanding access to solutions, building on existing and emerging trends, and laying the ground for future cooperation. The first Global Refugee Forum in December 2019 was an important and positive first step in the Compact’s implementation, but much more remains to be done before success can be declared. In postscript, the authors reflect on the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, its impact on the international refugee response regime, and the role for the Global Compact on Refugees in the response.

scholarly journals Strengthening the Global Refugee Protection System: Recommendations for the Global Compact on Refugees

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 780-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Appleby
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Protection System ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Global Compact ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Refugee Protection ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Un General Assembly

On September 19, 2016, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly adopted the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants. This document launched a two-year process to develop a Global Compact on Responsibility Sharing on Refugees (“Global Compact on Refugees”) and a Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration. With a record 65 million displaced persons in the world, the global community must come together to fashion a stronger protection regime for persons on the move. This paper outlines broad themes and specific recommendations that the Global Compact on Refugees should adopt on how to strengthen the global refugee protection system. The recommendations fall into several categories: (1) responsibility sharing for the protection of refugees; (2) filling in protection gaps; (3) balancing and replacing deterrence strategies with protection solutions; (4) refugee resettlement; and (5) building refugee self-sufficiency. Some of the key recommendations include: • the development of a responsibility-sharing formula to respond to large movements of refugees; • the development of an early warning system to identify and respond to nations in crisis; • the adoption of principles included in the Nansen and Migrants in Countries of Crisis initiatives; • the use of temporary protection measures to protect populations that flee natural disaster; • the adoption of model processes that ensure safe and voluntary return; • cooperation between destination and transit countries to expand refugee protections; • the provision of asylum and due process protections at borders; • the use of development assistance to ensure the self-sufficiency of refugees; • the adoption of a goal to resettle 10 percent of the global refugee population each year; • the establishment of a refugee matching system between refugees and resettlement countries; and • the adoption of coherent strategies, involving all sectors, to address large movements of refugees. This paper draws heavily, albeit not exclusively, from a series of papers published as a special collection in the Journal on Migration and Human Security1 on strengthening the global system of refugee protection.

Strengthening the Global Refugee Protection System: Recommendations for the Global Compact on Refugees

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Appleby
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Global Compact ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Refugee Protection ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Un General Assembly

On September 19, 2016, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly adopted the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants. This document launched a two-year process to develop a Global Compact on Responsibility Sharing on Refugees (“Global Compact on Refugees”) and a Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration. With a record 65 million displaced persons in the world, the global community must come together to fashion a stronger protection regime for persons on the move. This paper outlines broad themes and specific recommendations that the Global Compact on Refugees should adopt on how to strengthen the global refugee protection system. The recommendations fall into several categories: (1) responsibility sharing for the protection of refugees; (2) filling in protection gaps; (3) balancing and replacing deterrence strategies with protection solutions; (4) refugee resettlement; and (5) building refugee self-sufficiency. Some of the key recommendations include:the development of a responsibility-sharing formula to respond to large movements of refugees;the development of an early warning system to identify and respond to nations in crisis;the adoption of principles included in the Nansen and Migrants in Countries of Crisis initiatives;the use of temporary protection measures to protect populations that flee natural disaster;the adoption of model processes that ensure safe and voluntary return;cooperation between destination and transit countries to expand refugee protections;the provision of asylum and due process protections at borders;the use of development assistance to ensure the self-sufficiency of refugees;the adoption of a goal to resettle 10 percent of the global refugee population each year;the establishment of a refugee matching system between refugees and resettlement countries; andthe adoption of coherent strategies, involving all sectors, to address large movements of refugees.This paper draws heavily, albeit not exclusively, from a series of papers published as a special collection in the Journal on Migration and Human Security[1] on strengthening the global system of refugee protection.[1] Rethinking the Global Refugee Protection System, Journal on Migration and Human Security, Center for Migration Studies, 2016-2017. See http://cmsny.org/cms_research/refugeeproject/.

scholarly journals Annual report on migration and asylum 2016: Ireland

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Sheridan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Short Stay ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Global Compact ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Refugee Protection ◽  
Application Procedure ◽  
The Government

The Annual Report on Migration and Asylum 2016 provides an overview of trends, policy developments and significant debates in the area of asylum and migration during 2016 in Ireland. Some important developments in 2016 included: The International Protection Act 2015 was commenced throughout 2016. The single application procedure under the Act came into operation from 31 December 2016. The International Protection Office (IPO) replaced the Office of the Refugee Applications Commissioner (ORAC) from 31 December 2016. The first instance appeals body, the International Protection Appeals Tribunal (IPAT), replacing the Refugee Appeals Tribunal (RAT), was established on 31 December 2016. An online appointments system for all registrations at the Registration Office in Dublin was introduced. An electronic Employment Permits Online System (EPOS) was introduced. The Irish Short Stay Visa Waiver Programme was extended for a further five years to October 2021. The Second National Action Plan to Prevent and Combat Human Trafficking was published. 2016 was the first full year of implementation of the Irish Refugee Protection Programme (IRPP). A total of 240 persons were relocated to Ireland from Greece under the relocation strand of the programme and 356 persons were resettled to Ireland. Following an Oireachtas motion, the Government agreed to allocate up to 200 places to unaccompanied minors who had been living in the former migrant camp in Calais and who expressed a wish to come to Ireland. This figure is included in the overall total under the IRPP. Ireland and Jordan were appointed as co-facilitators in February 2016 to conduct preparatory negotiations for the UN high level Summit for Refugees and Migrants. The New York Declaration, of September 2016, sets out plans to start negotiations for a global compact for safe, orderly and regular migration and a global compact for refugees to be adopted in 2018. Key figures for 2016: There were approximately 115,000 non-EEA nationals with permission to remain in Ireland in 2016 compared to 114,000 at the end of 2015. Net inward migration for non-EU nationals is estimated to be 15,700. The number of newly arriving immigrants increased year-on-year to 84,600 at April 2017 from 82,300 at end April 2016. Non-EU nationals represented 34.8 per cent of this total at end April 2017. A total of 104,572 visas, both long stay and short stay, were issued in 2016. Approximately 4,127 persons were refused entry to Ireland at the external borders. Of these, 396 were subsequently admitted to pursue a protection application. 428 persons were returned from Ireland as part of forced return measures, with 187 availing of voluntary return, of which 143 were assisted by the International Organization for Migration Assisted Voluntary Return Programme. There were 532 permissions of leave to remain granted under section 3 of the Immigration Act 1999 during 2016. A total of 2,244 applications for refugee status were received in 2016, a drop of 32 per cent from 2015 (3,276). 641 subsidiary protection cases were processed and 431 new applications for subsidiary protection were submitted. 358 applications for family reunification in respect of recognised refugees were received. A total of 95 alleged trafficking victims were identified, compared with 78 in 2015.

Charles Olson and American Modernism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Byers
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Political Action ◽  
The Self ◽  
Instrumental Reason ◽  
Charles Olson ◽  
American Modernism ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
American Poet ◽  
Mark Rothko

The Practice of the Self situates the work of American poet Charles Olson (1910–70) at the centre of the early postwar American avant-garde. It shows Olson to have been one of the major advocates and theorists of American modernism in the late 1940s and early 1950s; a poet who responded fully and variously to the political, ethical, and aesthetic urgencies driving innovation across contemporary American art. Reading Olson’s work alongside that of contemporaries associated with the New York Schools of painting and music (as well as the exiled Frankfurt School), the book draws on Olson’s published and unpublished writings to establish an original account of early postwar American modernism. The development of Olson’s work is seen to illustrate two primary drivers of formal innovation in the period: the evolution of a new model of political action pivoting around the radical individual and, relatedly, a powerful new critique of instrumental reason and the Enlightenment tradition. Drawing on extensive archival research and featuring readings of a wide range of artists—including, prominently, Barnett Newman, Mark Rothko, David Smith, Wolfgang Paalen, and John Cage—The Practice of the Self offers a new reading of a major American poet and an original account of the emergence of postwar American modernism.

scholarly journals Proposals for the Negotiation Process on the United Nations Global Compact for Migration

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 682-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Genina
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Global Compact ◽  
Member States ◽  
Un General Assembly ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
High Level

On September 19th, 2016, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly adopted Resolution 71/1, the text of the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants (the “New York Declaration”). Resolution 71/1 is the outcome document of the high-level plenary meeting on addressing large movements of refugees and migrants, held at the UN headquarters. The New York Declaration reflects how UN member states have decided to address the challenge of large movements of people in two main legal categories: asylum seekers/refugees and migrants. Resolution 71/1 includes an annex titled “Towards a Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration” (the “global compact for migration” or “global compact”). This document is comprised of several thematic issues related to international migration that will be the basis of a globally negotiated agreement on how member states should respond to international migration at the national, regional, and international levels, as well as to issues related to international migration and development. The global compact for migration is intended to be adopted at a conference on international migration and development before the inauguration of the 73rd annual session of the UN General Assembly in September 2018. This paper addresses how UN member states should plan to address international migration in the future. It does not refer to refugees and asylum seekers: a global compact on refugees will be drafted by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in 2018, and to be presented to the UN General Assembly for states' consideration during its 73rd annual session, which starts in September 2018.1 For those who have been involved in migration issues within the United Nations, the fact that member states have finally agreed to convene an international conference on international migration represents a major achievement. It is the result of an extended process that started decades ago and was made possible by a long chain of efforts by many state delegations and other stakeholders. The global compact for migration will not be the first outcome document dealing exclusively with international migration. A declaration2 adopted at a high-level meeting at the United Nations in October 2013, for example, paved the way for the 2018 conference. Nonetheless, the global compact represents a unique opportunity to address international migration comprehensively and humanely. This paper contributes to the discussion on the elements that should be included in the global compact for migration. The paper is divided into two sections. The first section analyzes the main elements of Annex II, “Towards a Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration,” and the criteria that needs to be adopted in order to achieve a substantive outcome. In particular, participants in the negotiation process should aim to balance the concerns of states and the members of host societies, on one hand, with the needs and rights of migrants, on the other. The second section includes proposals to enrich the final global compact for migration and takes into account two documents written by two different actors within the UN system, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Migration, and the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Migrants. In particular, the paper proposes that the global compact for migration: • sets forth principles that can inform the actions of governments in relation to international migration at all levels; • enunciates a clearer definition of state protection responsibilities in relation to migrants in crisis situations and so-called “mixed flows”3; affords a substantive role to civil society organizations, the private sector, and academic institutions in the global compact's follow-up and review process; • defines the institutional framework for the implementation and follow-up of the global compact within the United Nations, including through the work of the UN High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF); • establishes a mechanism to fund migration policies for states that lack enough resources to invest sufficiently in this task; and • builds a cooperation-oriented, peer-review mechanism to review migration policies. The paper has been conceived as an input for those who will take part in the negotiation of the global compact for migration, as well as those who will closely follow those negotiations. Thus, the paper assumes a level of knowledge on how international migration has been addressed within the United Nations during the last several years and of the complexities of these negotiation processes. The author took part in different UN negotiation processes on international migration from 2004 to 2013. The paper is primarily based on this experience.4

scholarly journals The Most Effective Strategies and Approaches Towards Emerging Trends in Digital Marketing in India (With Special Reference to Bhopal Region)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaustubh Jain ◽  
Jinendra Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Digital Marketing ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
High Level ◽  
Digital Channels

The massive Indian market is changing fast. The pace of change is rapid with digital channels and constantly growing with volume and strength perpetually. Digital Marketing is really the High buzz in current scenario. It is one of those sectors in the marketing industry which is considered to be an experience an exponential growth due to this it makes studying about digital really interesting. At a high level, digital marketing refers to advertising of brands delivered through Businesses leverage digital channels such as search engines, mobile applications, website sales, social media, various e-mails to connect with current and prospective customers digitally. The term digital covers a wide range of marketing activities in current era, all of which are still not universally agreed upon, the current research focuses on the most common types of research which is known as exploratory research towards Digital Marketing in India. This issue raised is rarely been addressed by the academicians and researchers in Bhopal. The study used digital marketing parameters to measure the awareness and effectiveness of digital marketing among marketing professionals in Bhopal.

scholarly journals Dialogic & Critical Pedagogies: An Interview with Ira Shor

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Shor ◽  
Eugene Matusov ◽  
Ana Marjanovic-Shane ◽  
James Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Critical Pedagogy ◽  
Critical Literacy ◽  
Paulo Freire ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Dialogic Pedagogy ◽  
Language And Thought ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Critical Pedagogies

In 2016, the Main Editors of Dialogic Pedagogy Journal issued a call for papers and contributions to a wide range of dialogic pedagogy scholars and practitioners. One of the scholars who responded to our call is famous American educator Ira Shor, a professor at the College of Staten Island, City University of New York. Shor has been influenced by Paulo Freire with whom he published, among other books, “A Pedagogy for Liberation” (1986), the very first “talking book” Freire did with a collaborator. His work in education is about empowering and liberating practice, which is why it has become a central feature of critical pedagogy.Shor’s work has touched on themes that resonate with Dialogic Pedagogy (DP). He emphasises the importance of students becoming empowered by ensuring that their experiences are brought to bear. We were excited when Shor responded to our call for papers with an interesting proposal: an interview that could be published in DPJ, and we enthusiastically accepted his offer. The DPJ Main Editors contacted the DPJ community members and asked them to submit questions for Ira. The result is an exciting in-depth interview with him that revolved around six topics: (1) Social Justice; (2) Dialogism; (3) Democratic Higher Education; (4) Critical Literacy versus Traditional Literacy; (5) Paulo Freire and Critical Pedagogy; and (6) Language and Thought. Following the interview, we reflect on complimentary themes and tensions that emerge between Shor’s approach to critical pedagogy and DP.

scholarly journals Refugees in Poland: Selected Issues in Research

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Gałka
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Geneva Convention ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Refugee Protection ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Issues

Refugees in Poland: Selected Issues in Research Since the beginning of the 1990s, there has been a steadily growing influx of foreign refugees in Poland. Poland's ratification of the Geneva Convention in 1991 and the New York Protocol in 1991 made it necessary to create a properly functioning refugee protection system in the country. The purpose of this work is to describe the dynamics of refugee influx in Poland from 1992 to 2007 as well as to analyze whether existing forms of legal stay are functioning properly in Poland. Furthermore, the work attempts to delve into key issues associated with the social integration of refugees in Poland.

Intellectual Impairment in Children of Women Who Smoke Cigarettes During Pregnancy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Olds ◽  
Charles R. Henderson ◽  
Robert Tatelbaum
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Upstate New York ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Impairment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Additional Reason

Objective. To examine the relationship between maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and children's intellectual functioning during the first 4 years of life. Design. Prospective follow-up of participants in a randomized trial of pregnancy and infancy nurse home visitation. Setting. Semirural community in Upstate New York. Participants. 400 families in which the mothers registered before the 30th week of pregnancy and had no previous live births. Eighty-five percent of the mothers were either teenagers (<19 years at registration), unmarried, or poor. Analysis limited to whites who comprised 89% of the sample. Main results. Children in the comparison group whose mothers smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day during pregnancy had Stanford-Binet scores at 3 and 4 years of age that were 4.35 (95% CI: 0.02, 8.68) points lower (after controlling for a wide range of variables) than their counterparts whose mothers did not smoke during pregnancy. Conclusions. The results of this study add to the increasingly consistent evidence that maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy poses a unique risk for neurodevelopmental impairment among children and provide an additional reason for pregnant women not to smoke cigarettes.

A Conversation with Aliza Shvarts

October ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 85-110
Author(s):  
Emily Apter
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The Body ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
Rape Kits ◽  
Public Exhibition ◽  
Feminist Practice

Abstract Aliza Shvarts first came to widespread attention when her Untitled [Senior Thesis] (2008), consisting of a yearlong performance of self-induced miscarriages, was declared a “fiction” by Yale University and censored from public exhibition. That controversial work was on view for the first time in New York as part of her 2020 exhibition Purported at Art in General. It frames the areas of inquiry she has continued to explore: how the body means and matters and how the subject consents and dissents. In this in-depth conversation, Emily Apter and Aliza Shvarts discuss the exhibition and a wide range of topics relevant to contemporary feminist practice and thought: the genealogy of citation; the uses of theory; speech action; rape kits; nonconsensual collaboration; queer kinship; and memes.

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