scholarly journals Trends in paediatric central nervous system tumour incidence by global region from 1988 to 2012

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay A Williams ◽  
Aubrey K Hubbard ◽  
Michael E Scheurer ◽  
Logan G Spector ◽  
Jenny N Poynter
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tumour Incidence ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Cns Tumours ◽  
Astrocytic Tumours ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Embryonal Tumours ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Central nervous system (CNS) tumours comprise 20% of childhood cancers worldwide. Whether childhood CNS tumour incidence has increased over time across geographic regions remains to be explored. Methods We identified CNS cancers in the Cancer in Five Continents (CI5) data and estimated age standardized incidence rates (ASRs; cases/million children) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), male-to-female incidence rate ratios (IRR; 95% CI) and average annual percent change in incidence (AAPC; 95% CI) by geographic region for children aged 0–19 years where data were available using Poisson regression and generalized estimating equations (GEE). Cancers included: astrocytic tumours, medulloblastoma, ependymal, oligodendroglial and mixed glioma, glioma of uncertain origin, and other embryonal tumours. Geographic regions were defined using the United Nations geoscheme. Results There were 56 468 CNS cancers included in the study. ASRs were highest for astrocytic tumours globally in 2012 (ASR: 5.83; 95% CI: 5.68–5.99). Globally, all cancers exhibited a male excess in incidence. Regionally, only medulloblastoma had a consistently elevated male-to-female IRR at 1.4–2.2. Globally, incidence decreased for astrocytic tumours in GEE models (AAPC: −1.66; 95% CI: −3.04 to −0.26) and increased for medulloblastoma (AAPC 0.66; 95% CI: 0.19–1.14), ependymal tumours (AAPC: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.49; 95%: 0.69–2.30), glioma of uncertain origin (AAPC: 4.76; 95% CI: 1.17–1.14) and other embryonal tumours (AAPC: 3.58; 95% CI: 2.03–5.15). Regional variation in incidence trends was observed. Countries moving from lower to higher Human Development Index (HDI) over time did not appear to drive observed incidence trends. Conclusions Epidemiologic and molecular studies on underlying mechanisms for changes in the global incidence of CNS tumours are necessary.

scholarly journals 55 Malignant primary brain and other central nervous system tumours diagnosed in the Canadian population from 2009 to 2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (S3) ◽  
pp. S16-S17
Author(s):  
EV Walker ◽  
F Davis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumour ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Cns Tumours

The Canadian Brain Tumour Registry (CBTR) project was established in 2016 with the aim of enhancing infrastructure for surveillance and clinical research to improve health outcomes for brain tumour patients in Canada. We present a national surveillance report on malignant primary brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumours diagnosed in the Canadian population from 2009-2013. Patients were identified through the Canadian Cancer Registry (CCR); an administrative dataset that includes cancer incidence data from all provinces/territories in Canada. Cancer diagnoses are coded using the ICD-O3 system. Tumour types were classified by site and histology using The Central Brain Tumour Registry of the United States definitions. Incidence rates (IR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated per 100,000 person-years and standardized to the 2011 census population age-distribution. Overall, 12,115 malignant brain and CNS tumours were diagnosed in the Canadian population from 2009-2013 (IR:8.43;95%CI:8.28,8.58). Of these, 6,845 were diagnosed in males (IR:9.72;95%CI:9.49,9.95) and 5,270 in females (IR:7.20;95%CI:7.00,7.39). The most common histology overall was glioblastoma (IR:4.06;95%CI:3.95,4.16). Among those aged 0-19 years, 1,130 malignant brain and CNS tumours were diagnosed from 2009-2013 (IR:3.36;95%CI:3.16,3.56). Of these, 625 were diagnosed in males (IR:3.32;95%CI:3.34,3.92) and 505 in females (IR:3.08;95%CI:2.81,3.36). The most common histology among the paediatric population was pilocytic astrocytoma (IR:0.73;95%CI:0.64,0.83). The presentation will include: IRs for other histologies, the geographic distribution of cases and a comparison between Canada and the United States.

scholarly journals A case of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate arising in a meningioma

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin Pugsley ◽  
Greg Bailly ◽  
Rekha Gupta ◽  
Derek Wilke ◽  
Lori Wood
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Prostate Carcinoma ◽  
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cns Metastases ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽  
Sont Encore ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Of The Prostate ◽  
Cns Tumours

We present the case of a 70-year-old man who had a prostate adenocarcinomathat metastatized to a previously unknown cranialmeningioma. Central nervous system (CNS) metastases are veryuncommon in patients with prostate cancer, and metastases topre-existing primary CNS tumours are even more uncommon. Rareevents like this can cause diagnostic uncertainty, as shown by thiscase. This case is a reminder for clinicians to consider prostatemetastases in patients with known prostate carcinoma and focalneurological symptoms.Nous décrivons le cas d'un homme de 70 ans présentant un adénocarcinomemétastatique de la prostate secondaire à un méningiomeintra-crânien non diagnostiqué auparavant. Les métastasesau niveau du SNC sont très rares chez les patients atteints de cancerde la prostate et les métastases sont encore plus rares dansle cas de tumeurs primitives pré-existantes au niveau du SNC.La rareté de ces cas peut soulever des incertitudes au niveau dudiagnostic, comme nous le montrerons. Ce cas permet de rappeleraux cliniciens d'envisager la possibilité de métastases chezles patients atteints d'un carcinome prostatique confirmé et présentantdes signes neurologiques focaux.

scholarly journals Raised cardiovascular disease mortality after central nervous system tumour diagnosis: analysis of 171 926 patients from UK and USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAI JIN ◽  
Michael TC Poon ◽  
Paul M Brennan ◽  
Catherine LM Sudlow ◽  
Jonine D Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Cns Tumours ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Background Patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumours have significant morbidity and mortality. Some studies showed CNS tumours patients may be at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. The magnitude of CVD risk among CNS tumours patients has not been comprehensively assessed. If CVD mortality is elevated in this population, there may be a potential for risk reduction to improve outcomes. We examined CVD mortality risk in patients with malignant and non-malignant CNS tumours. Methods We conducted analyses using UK (Wales)-based Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) for 8743 CNS tumour patients diagnosed in 2000-2015 (54.9% of whom died) and US-based National Cancer Institutes Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) for 163183 patients in 2005-2015 (39.6% of whom died). We calculated age-, sex-, and calendar-year- adjusted standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for CVD death in CNS tumour patients compared to Welsh and US residents. We used multivariable cause-specific Cox regression models to examine factors associated with CVD mortality among CNS tumour patients. We stratified all analyses by malignancy and main histological types. Results CVD was the second commonest cause of death for CNS tumour patients in SAIL (UK) and SEER (US) (9.5% & 11.7%, respectively). Patients with CNS tumours had higher CVD mortality than the general population (SAIL SMR=2.64, 95% CI=2.39-2.90; SEER SMR=1.38, 95% CI=1.35-1.42). Malignant CNS tumour patients had over 2-fold higher CVD mortality risk in both US and UK cohorts. SMRs for non-malignant tumours were almost 2-fold higher in SAIL than in SEER (SAIL SMR=2.73, 95% CI=2.46-3.02; SEER SMR=1.30, 95% CI=1.26-1.33). The greatest magnitude of excess CVD mortality risk, particularly from cerebrovascular disease, was substantially greater in patients diagnosed at age younger than 50 years and within the first year after their cancer diagnosis (SAIL SMR=2.98, 95% CI=2.39-3.66; SEER SMR=2.14, 95% CI=2.03-2.25). Age, sex, race/ethnicity in USA, deprivation in UK and no surgery were associated with CVD mortality. Discussion CVD mortality is high among patients diagnosed with both malignant and non-malignant CNS tumours compared to the general population. Targeted interventions and risk stratification tools might improve survival.

scholarly journals Malignant Tumours of the Central Nervous System in Kazakhstan - Incidence Trends from 2004-2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 4181-4186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurbek Igissinov ◽  
Serik Akshulakov ◽  
Saginbek Igissinov ◽  
Malcolm Moore ◽  
Yerzhan Adilbekov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Increased Central Nervous System Interleukin-8 in a Majority Postlaminectomy Syndrome Chronic Pain Population

Pain Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1033-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Giron ◽  
Martin F Bjurstrom ◽  
Charles A Griffis ◽  
F Michael Ferrante ◽  
Irene I Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Chronic Pain Patient ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Pain Patient ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background and Objectives Multiple processes have been identified as potential contributors to chronic pain, with increasing evidence illustrating an association with aberrant levels of neuroimmune mediators. The primary objectives of the present study were to examine central nervous system cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors present in a chronic pain population and to explore patterns of the same mediator molecules over time. Secondary objectives explored the relationship of central and peripheral neuroimmune mediators while examining the levels of anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and perception of pain associated with the chronic pain patient experience. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a population of majority postlaminectomy syndrome patients (N = 8) was compared with control CSF samples (N = 30) to assess for significant differences in 10 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. The patient population was then followed over time, analyzing CSF, plasma, and psychobehavioral measures. Results The present observational study is the first to demonstrate increased mean CSF levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8; P < 0.001) in a small population of majority postlaminectomy syndrome patients, as compared with a control population. Over time in pain patients, CSF levels of IL-8 increased significantly (P < 0.001). Conclusions These data indicate that IL-8 should be further investigated and psychobehavioral components considered in the overall chronic pain paradigm. Future studies examining the interactions between these factors and IL-8 may identify novel targets for treatment of persistent pain states.

scholarly journals Histopathological Spectrum of Central Nervous System Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 1304-1310
Author(s):  
Sujata Naik ◽  
Nibedita Sahoo ◽  
Bishwaranjan Mohanty ◽  
Anasuya Lenka ◽  
Ajit Surya Mohapatra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
World Health ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Cns Tumours

BACKGROUND Tumours of central nervous system (CNS) are reported to be less than 2 % of all malignancies. In India, CNS tumours constitute about 1.9 % of all tumours. The CNS space occupying lesions cause grave life-threatening outcomes irrespective of their nature as they grow in a confined space and are present close to vital structures. Hence, it is of great importance to establish the accurate diagnosis for proper and timely neurosurgical intervention. METHODS This was a retrospective study carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital which caters as a referral unit for neurosurgical cases in Eastern India, for a duration of one and half year (January 2018 - July 2020) among 185 cases of CNS lesions collected from archives of Department of Pathology. The tumours were reclassified and graded according to the most recent World health organisation (WHO) classification of CNS tumours (2016). RESULTS Neoplastic lesions (168 cases, 91.35 %) were commoner than non-neoplastic entities and amongst the neoplastic lesions, meningioma was the commonest entity followed by diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumours while least incidence was noted for neuronal and mixed neuronal glial tumours. Out of all the tumours for which World Health Organization (WHO) grading was done, highest was WHO grade I (80 cases, 54.8 %) and least was grade III tumours (10 cases, 6.8 %). Male predominance was seen overall except in meningioma. Some rare and interesting cases like solitary fibrous tumour / hemangiopericytoma (anaplastic type), primary CNS diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), CNS plasmacytoma which we came across are also highlighted. CONCLUSIONS The present study helps to provide information regarding the disease burden in our area. This study attempts to categorise various CNS neoplasms as per recent WHO classification (2016) which has not only diagnostic implication but also has significant prognosis and predictive value. KEYWORDS Central Nervous System, Immunohistochemistry, Eastern India, Meningioma, Solitary Fibrous Tumour / Hemangiopericytoma, Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

Aspergillus flavus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Kozakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Corn Borers ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Subtropical Species

Abstract A description is provided for Aspergillus flavus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Found in soils, decaying vegetation, cereals, nuts, spices, etc. (Kozakiewicz, 1994). DISEASES: On insects: Frequently found on corn earworms, corn borers (Domsch et al., 1980), bee larvae, locusts, termites, insect scales etc (IMI, 1992). On man: Causes invasive lesions of the orbit, particularly in hot, dry geographic regions. It has also been isolated from human skin, nails, bones, the central nervous system and lungs (Smith, 1989). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide, but it is predominantly a tropical and subtropical species.

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