scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of tuberculosis control: number of deaths prevented by short-course chemotherapy in China

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dye
Keyword(s):  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Short Course Chemotherapy ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of tuberculosis control: number of deaths prevented by short-course chemotherapy in China

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Dye ◽  
Zhao Fengzeng ◽  
Suzanne Scheele ◽  
Brian Williams
Keyword(s):  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Short Course Chemotherapy ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Between Donor Interest, Global Models and Local Conditions: Treatment and Decision-Making in the Somalia-Finland Tuberculosis Control Project, 1981–3

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-115
Author(s):  
Kaisa Harju
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Short Course Chemotherapy ◽  
Project Objectives

Despite numerous global health initiatives after World War II, tuberculosis still poses a major threat in sub-Saharan Africa. This article examines one attempt to tackle this problem: the Somalia-Finland Tuberculosis Control Project. Conducted in the 1980s as a bilateral development aid project between the two countries, it became the most extensive – and expensive – tuberculosis initiative in Somalia in that decade. An interesting feature of the project is that, despite a lack of previous experience in tuberculosis work in developing countries, the Finnish partner decided not to follow the WHO global guidelines designed to standardise tuberculosis activities across the developing world. Instead, Finns established their own treatment programme based on X-ray and short-course chemotherapy – otherwise rarely used in clinical practice in Africa. Through a close reading and comparison of the correspondence, project plans, memos and minutes, the article analyses the formation of this strategy. Focusing on ground-level decision-making, it argues that the decisions were based not only on a belief in the superior clinical effectiveness of these methods, but also on the fact that they better suited Finnish ambitions and project logic. Thus, the article supports the notion that donor perspectives on resources and project objectives determined what was seen as feasible treatment in a developing country. By shedding light on the debate between the supporters of short-course chemotherapy and the WHO standard treatment strategy, it also contributes to the early history of DOTS (directly observed treatment, short course).

Development of REDCAHOR—a Vegetable Research and Development Network in Central America

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 531b-531
Author(s):  
J. Nienhuis
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Central America ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Development Network ◽  
Breeding And Genetics ◽  
The Impact

REDCAHOR is the Spanish acronym for “Central American Vegetable Network.” Vegetables have traditionally been an important source of nutrients and vitamins in the diet in Central America. Vegetable production in this region is now changing as local consumers are demanding increased diversity and quality and international markets are expanding with “non-traditional” vegetable exports. The present restraints to expanded research and production of vegetables in the region include i) need for cultivars with increased insect and disease resistance, ii) poor and excessive use of pesticides, and iii) inadequate postharvest technology. In addition, there are few vegetable researchers in the region and response to their activities have not been coordinated. The goal of REDCAHOR is to develop a regional network of national institutions that can prioritize agendas and cooperate to maximize the impact of available resources. Establishment of a system of regional trials and cooperative regional programs in integrated pest management and plant breeding are currently under development. A series of regional workshops are planned, including integrated pest management, maintenance and use of genetic resources, organic production, and greenhouse production. In addition, REDCAHOR, in collaboration with the Escuela Agricola Panamerica in Honduras, will offer regional short-course training in vegetable breeding and genetics as well as vegetable production and management, including integrated pest management.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Indentation Punch on High Energy Lithium Pouch Cells and Simulated Model Improvement

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1971
Author(s):  
Lihua Ye ◽  
Muhammad Muzamal Ashfaq ◽  
Aiping Shi ◽  
Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah ◽  
Yefan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Punch Test ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Model Cell ◽  
The Impact

In this research, the aim relates to the material characterization of high-energy lithium-ion pouch cells. The development of appropriate model cell behavior is intended to simulate two scenarios: the first is mechanical deformation during a crash and the second is an internal short circuit in lithium-ion cells during the actual effect scenarios. The punch test has been used as a benchmark to analyze the effects of different state of charge conditions on high-energy lithium-ion battery cells. This article explores the impact of three separate factors on the outcomes of mechanical punch indentation experiments. The first parameter analyzed was the degree of prediction brought about by experiments on high-energy cells with two different states of charge (greater and lesser), with four different sizes of indentation punch, from the cell’s reaction during the indentation effects on electrolyte. Second, the results of the loading position, middle versus side, are measured at quasi-static speeds. The third parameter was the effect on an electrolyte with a different state of charge. The repeatability of the experiments on punch loading was the last test function analyzed. The test results of a greater than 10% state of charge and less than 10% state of charge were compared to further refine and validate this modeling method. The different loading scenarios analyzed in this study also showed great predictability in the load-displacement reaction and the onset short circuit. A theoretical model of the cell was modified for use in comprehensive mechanical deformation. The overall conclusion found that the loading initiating the cell’s electrical short circuit is not instantaneously instigated and it is subsequently used to process the development of a precise and practical computational model that will reduce the chances of the internal short course during the crash.

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