scholarly journals Low occurrence rates of ubiquitously present leptocephalus larvae in the stomach contents of predatory fish

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1359-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Miller ◽  
Jeff Dubosc ◽  
Elodie Vourey ◽  
Katsumi Tsukamoto ◽  
Valerie Allain
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Trophic Dynamics ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Thunnus Albacares ◽  
Fish Diets ◽  
Thunnus Obesus ◽  
Leptocephalus Larvae ◽  
Subtropical Oceans ◽  
Oceanic Food Webs ◽  
Prey Items

Abstract Leptocephali, the larvae of eels, grow to large sizes and are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical oceans. Their role in oceanic food webs is poorly known because they are rarely reported as food items in fish stomach content studies. Data from 13 years of research on the trophic dynamics of Pacific Ocean predatory fish indicate that among 8746 fish of 76 species/taxa (33 families) that had been feeding, only 16 fish of 6 species had remains of 34 leptocephali in their stomachs. Only 0.013% of the 256 308 total prey items were leptocephalus larvae, and 0.03% of the total prey items were juvenile or adult eels (mostly snipe eels: Nemichthyidae). There were 10 fish of 2 species of lancetfish (Alepisaurus spp., n = 152), 2 rainbow runners (Elagatis bipinnulata, n = 222), and 2 yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares, n = 3103) that had leptocephali in their stomach contents, but all except one T. albacares (contained 15 leptocephali) had each eaten ≤3 leptocephali. A swallower, Pseudoscopelus sp., and a frigate tuna, Auxis thazard, had eaten single leptocephali. Twenty-eight bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus, had eaten 76 juvenile/adult nemichthyid or serrivomerid eels. A literature survey found that only 15 out of 75 examined publications listed leptocephali in the stomach contents of a total of 6 species out of ∼ 42 300 predatory fish of 40 species. The transparency of leptocephali and their apparent mimicry of gelatinous zooplankton could contribute to lower rates of predation. Their soft bodies likely digest rapidly, so although this study and existing literature indicate that leptocephali sometimes contribute to predatory fish diets, particularly for fish that do not exclude gelatinous prey types, and fish with low digestion rates in their stomachs such as lancetfish, their levels of contribution to fish diets and the impacts of predators on eel recruitment remain uncertain.

scholarly journals Diet of three shark species in the Ecuadorian Pacific, Carcharhinus falciformis, Carcharhinus limbatus and Nasolamia velox

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colombo Estupiñán-Montaño ◽  
Fabian Pacheco-Triviño ◽  
Luis G. Cedeño-Figueroa ◽  
Felipe Galván-Magaña ◽  
Jose F. Estupiñán-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Thunnus Albacares ◽  
Shark Species ◽  
Dosidicus Gigas ◽  
Katsuwonus Pelamis ◽  
Carcharhinus Limbatus ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Bony Fishes ◽  
Carcharhinus Falciformis ◽  
Conservation Plans

We analysed the stomach contents of 69 silky sharks Carcharhinus falciformis, 44 blacktip sharks Carcharhinus limbatus and 24 whitenose sharks Nasolamia velox caught in the Ecuadorian Pacific from August 2003 to December 2004. Prey included bony fishes, elasmobranchs, molluscs, crustaceans and turtles, with bony fishes being the most important to the diets of all three sharks, suggesting they are piscivorous predators. Based on the index of relative importance, the C. falciformis diet includes Thunnus albacares, Thunnus sp. and Auxis thazard, as well as some squid, fish and turtles. Similarly, the C. limbatus diet was dominated by T. albacares, Exocoetus monocirrhus, A. thazard, Katsuwonus pelamis, members of the Ophichthidae family and other elasmobranchs. Meanwhile, N. velox consumed mainly Dosidicus gigas, Larimus argenteus, Cynoscion sp. and Lophiodes spilurus. There is little competition for food between these tertiary carnivores: C. limbatus prefers prey from coastal-oceanic habitats; C. falciformis consumes mostly oceanic prey and N. velox focuses on prey from coastal habitats. The lack of information on the biology of sharks in Ecuador hinders the development of appropriate management and conservation plans to protect shark resources. This study increases our knowledge and understanding of sharks in Ecuador, thus contributing to their conservation.

scholarly journals KOMPOSISI JENIS DAN DISTRIBUSI UKURAN IKANPELAGIS BESAR HASILTANGKAPANPANCINGULURDI SENDANGBIRU, JAWATIMUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Ria Faizah ◽  
Aisayah Aisayah
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Pelagic Fish ◽  
Yellowfin Tuna ◽  
Thunnus Albacares ◽  
Bigeye Tuna ◽  
Katsuwonus Pelamis ◽  
Individual Weight ◽  
Thunnus Obesus

Sendang Biru merupakan salah satu tempat pendaratan ikan pelagis besar di Jawa Timur. Penelitian tentang komposisi jenis dan ukuran ikan pelagis besar hasil tangkapan pancing ulur yang didaratkan di PPI Pondok Dadap, Sendang Biru, Jawa Timur, dilakukan pada bulanApril dan Oktober 2010. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil tangkapan pancing ulur didominasi oleh jenis tuna (Thunnus albacares dan Thunnus obesus) 45%, cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) sebesar 38 %, dan lainnya (marlin, lemadang, lauro) sebesar 1,7 %. Ikan tuna yang didaratkan terdiri dari jenis yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) dan bigeye tuna (T. obesus) dengan ukuran panjang cagakmasing –masing berkisar antara 40 - 170 cmFL dan 40 - 140 cmFL. Berat individumasing-masing berkisar antara 0.1 - 71 kg dan 0.5 - 43 kg. Sendang Biru is one of big pelagic’s landing site in East Java. Tuna on this research are caught by handline that landing in PPI Pondok Dadap, Sendang Biru, East Java. Research on the species composition and size distribution of big pelagic fish caught by handline were carried out during April and October 2010 at Sendang Biru, East Java. The result showed that Thunnus sp. are the most landed (45%) followed by Katsuwonus pelamis (38 %) and others (Xiphias gladius, Coriphaena sp., Elagatis bipinnulatus) of 1.7 %. The dominant fork lengthof Thunnus albacares and Thunnus obesus ranged from about 40 - 170 cm and 40 – 140 cm. Individual weight ranged between 0.1 - 71 kg and 0.5 - 43 kg respectivelly.

Seasonal variation in the diet of a population of Hyla arborea from Romania

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Cupsa ◽  
Tibor Hartel ◽  
Severus-Daniel Covaciu-Marcov ◽  
István Sas ◽  
Éva-Hajnalka Kovács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Hyla Arborea ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Prey Items

Abstract We examined the diet of Hyla arborea over its entire activity period (March to late September, 2004), and analysed a total of 585 adult samples. From the stomach contents we identified plant remains, shed-skin fragments, and animals. We identified a total of 2976 prey items, almost all of which originated from the terrestrial environment. Adult araneans and coleopterans were the most abundant prey items in the diet of the studied tree frogs. Some of the prey items become abundant in certain parts of the year (e.g. Homoptera, Lepidoptera larvae, Trichoptera). The dietary diversity index is high and exhibits seasonal changes. During the period of study an important seasonal change was observed in feeding intensity and in the type of consumed prey. Our results show that Hyla arborea has a broad dietary diversity which was expected as a consequence of exploiting the habitat both vertically and horizontally, possibly allowing access to a broader spectrum of prey.

scholarly journals Application of DNA barcoding for identification of freshwater carnivorous fish diets: Is number of prey items dependent on size class for Micropterus salmoides ?

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunbin Jo ◽  
Jeong‐An Gim ◽  
Kwang‐Seuk Jeong ◽  
Heui‐Soo Kim ◽  
Gea‐Jae Joo
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Carnivorous Fish ◽  
Fish Diets ◽  
Prey Items

Trophic ecology of a benthic intertidal hydroid, Tubularia crocea, at Mar del Plata, Argentina

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel N. Genzano
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Food Items ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Prey Items

The trophic ecology and seasonal changes in the diet of the intertidal hydrozoan Tubularia crocea were studied analysing the enteron contents of hydranths collected each season of the year. The relationship between feeding rate, prey availability, and re-suspension processes caused by tidal currents was also assessed. The most prevalent food items were diatoms and crustaceans. The most remarkable differences occurred during summer, when crustaceans were more abundant than diatoms. Conversely, diatoms were the most abundant prey during other seasons, and they were almost the only prey found during winter. There was no relationship between abundances of primary prey items in the water column and their occurrences in stomach contents. Instead, most prey items consisted of benthic organisms, primarily two species of diatoms (Grammatophora marina and Licmophora abreviatta) and fragments (usually appendages) of the amphipods Caprella sp. and Jassa falcata. Most food items were digested within 4–4·5 hours. The mean number of items captured per polyp per day was determined to be 115·2±19·2 in summer, 93·6±14·4 in autumn, 76·8±21·6 in winter and 199·2±31·2 in spring. Prey biomass (dry weight) polyp−1 d−1 was 5·1 μg in summer, 2·3 μg in autumn, 1·8 μg in winter, and 6·3 μg in spring. These values, in relation to hydranth biomass (55·3 μg; dry weight), were equivalent to a food intake polyp−1 d−1 of 9·3%, 4·2%, 3·2% and 11·5% of its own weight, respectively.

scholarly journals PERIKANAN TUNA YANG BERBASIS DI KENDARI, SULAWESI TENGGARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Agustinus Anung Widodo ◽  
Budi Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Thunnus Albacares ◽  
Katsuwonus Pelamis ◽  
Thunnus Obesus

Kendari merupakan salah satu basis perikanan tangkap di Kawasan Timur Indonesia yang berhadapan langsung dengan Laut Banda. Produksi perikanan tuna di Kendari cukup besar, hal ini dikarenakan alat tangkap yang digunakan merupakan alat tangkap yang dikhususkan untuk menangkap ikan tuna, yaitu huhate, pukat cincin mini, dan pancing tonda. Pada bulan April, Agustus, dan Desember 2007 dilakukan penelitian dengan mengambil pengambilan contoh di PPS Kendari. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan secara acak terhadap kapal-kapal yang mendarat pada minggu terakhir bulan April, Agustus, dan Desember. Masing-masing jenis kapal (huhate, pukat cincin mini, dan tonda) diambil satu unit sebagai contoh. Jenis data yang diambil adalah aspek eksploitasi yang meliputi upaya, jumlah, dan jenis hasil tangkapan dan daerah penangkapan. Data lain yang dikumpulkan adalah produksi tuna tahunan dari PPS Kendari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi tuna selama 10 terakhir cenderung naik, pada tahun 2007 mencapai 8.381 ton. Daerah operasi penangkapan huhate dan pukat cincin mini meliputi perairan Sulawesi Tenggara dan Sulawesi Tengah, adapun pancing tonda sampai Laut Banda. Rata-rata CPUE huhate rata-rata 6,6 ton/trip, rata-tara CPUE pukat cincin mini 0,9 ton per setting dan rata-rata CPUE pancing tonda 1,3 ton/trip. Penangkapan tuna terjadi sepanjang tahun, puncak musim tahun 2007 terjadi pada bulan September dengan indeks mencapai 0,4. Jenis tuna yang tertangkap huhate, pukat cincin mini, maupun tonda ada empat, yaitu ikan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis), madidihang (Thunnus albacares), tuna mata besar (Thunnus obesus), dan tongkol (Auxis sp.). Komposisi dari keempat jenis tuna tersebut didominansi oleh ikan cakalang yaitu mencapai lebih dari 65%.

scholarly journals Diet of Odorrana chapaensis (Bourret, 1937) from Son La Province, Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Van Anh ◽  
Nguyen Quang Truong ◽  
Nguyen Van Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Prey Items

Since there is currently a lack of data on the natural history and feeding ecology of Odorrana chapaensis, which was listed in the IUCN Red List (2019), we herein provided the feeding ecology of this amphibian species is virtually lacking. We herein provide data about the diet of O. chapaensis based on the results of our field work in Ngoc Chien Commune, Muong La District and Xim Vang Commune, Bac Yen District, Son La Province, Vietnam. We used the stomach-flushing method to obtain the stomach contents of 85 individuals at two survey sites. A total of 20 prey categories with 334 items, comprising 299 items of invertebrates and 35 unidentified items, were found in the stomachs of O. chapaensis. The dominant prey items of O. chapaensis were Araneae, Polydesmida, insect larvae, Blattodea, Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and Orthoptera. The importance index for these categories ranged from 3.5% to 32.5%. Coleoptera was the category with the highest frequency of prey items; its representatives were found in 45 stomaches. 

scholarly journals SUHU PERMUKAAN LAUT DAN KEDALAMAN TERTANGKAPNYA TUNA OLEH KAPAL PANCING ULUR YANG DILENGKAPI LAMPU

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama Agus Mulyadi ◽  
Muhammad Fedi Alfiadi Sondita ◽  
Roza Yusfiandayani
Keyword(s):  
Thunnus Albacares ◽  
Thunnus Obesus

Sebaran dan kelimpahan ikan tuna sangat dipengaruhi oleh suhu dan kedalaman air. Nelayan tuna Bungus menangkap ikan tuna bigeye (BET, Thunnus obesus) dan tuna sirip kuning (YFT, Thunnus albacares) menggunakan pancing ulur yang dioperasikan pada kapal yang dilengkapi lampu sebagai alat abantu. Tujuan penelitian: (1) mengukur suhu permukaan laut (SST) dan kedalaman renang tuna mata besar dan tuna sirip kuning di sekitar Pulau Mentawai, (2) mengidentifikasi pengaruh cahaya terhadap sebaran vertikal tuna, dan (3) menentukan panjang tali pancing terbaik untuk penangkapan tuna. Berdasarkan panjang garis dan konfigurasi garis, berat, kait dan umpan cumi-cumi, kait mereka berada di 45, 53, 60, dan 68 meter di bawah permukaan laut. Sebanyak 8 tuna sirip kuning tertangkap di kedalaman 45, 53 dan 60 m; berat total 354 kg. Satu BET seberat 45 kg tertangkap pada kedalaman 60 m. Penelitian ini memberitahukan bahwa tuna berukuran besar tertangkap di lapisan permukaan dengan kedalaman 15-60 m. Suhu permukaan laut (SST) di daerah penangkapan ikan di sekitar Pulau Mentawai rata-rata 28.97 OC di mana nelayan berhasil menangkap 15 tuna yang terdiri dari 3 ekor tuna mata besar dan 12 ekor tuna sirip kuning. Tuna dewasa kebanyakan tertangkap pada kedalaman 23-60 m sedangkan muda tertangkap di kedalaman 15-45 m. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pengaruh cahaya dapat menaikkan posisi lapisan renang tuna dewasa. Handline dengan panjang tali 53 m adalah panjang tali terbaik untuk menangkap tuna dewasa di daerah tersebut.

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