scholarly journals How we all kill whales

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 760-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Commercial Whaling ◽  
Popular Interest ◽  
Western Media

Abstract Today there is enormous popular interest in marine mammals. Western media tend to dwell on the ongoing debate about commercial whaling by Japan, Norway and Iceland. There is, however, relative silence as to how the shipping and fishing industries of many if not all maritime countries are also catching and sometimes killing whales, albeit unintentionally. Thus, western countries have, through the development and increase in fishing and shipping in continental shelf waters, essentially resumed whaling as vessel speeds and fishing gear strength have increased in recent decades. The ways in which these animals die, especially in fixed fishing gear that they become entangled in and swim off with, would raise substantial concern with consumers of seafood were they to be aware of what they were enabling.

Managing the Impacts of Human Activities on Fish Habitat: The Governance, Practices, and Science

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Coexisting Species ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poor Infrastructure ◽  
Technical Measures

<em>Abstract.</em>—Mexico is an important producer of fish resources, contributing 1.5% to the total world production. However, most of the fisheries are overexploited or fished to the maximum sustainable level as a result of problems such as overexploitation, poor infrastructure, poaching, limited knowledge of fishing laws, high discard rates, weak fisheries institutions, and little ability to research and manage these difficulties. To solve these problems, the National Program of Fisheries and Aquaculture was established in order to achieve sustainability in Mexican fisheries with the participation of the government, the fishing industry and research institutions. The program has been implemented for the 22 main fisheries of the country, notably the tuna, shrimp and shark fisheries, for which technical measures have been implemented for controlling the catch, the effort and the impact on coexisting species. Specifically, these measures have been aimed at reducing the bycatch of marine mammals and turtles, demersal and benthopelagic fishes and benthic invertebrates. Also, measures have been implemented to mitigate impacts of fishing gear on the benthos and coral reefs. However, many issues still need to be resolved both for these and other lower revenue fisheries, which are important in terms of their effect on ecosystems.

Marine mammals and Japanese long-line fishing vessels in Australian waters: operational interactions and sightings

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Bell ◽  
Peter Shaughnessy ◽  
Margie Morrice ◽  
Bob Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Long Line ◽  
Target Fish ◽  
Pilot Whales ◽  
Warm Temperate

Observers from the Australian Fisheries Management Authority worked on randomly chosen Japanese long-line vessels in the Australian Fishing Zone (AFZ) between 1980 and 1997. Observer reports (n = 451) were inspected for interactions or sightings of marine mammals. An operational interaction was defined as an activity or behaviour that involved direct contact between a marine mammal and fishing gear, bait, target fish or bycatch, or indications that the marine mammal was feeding. A sighting was defined as the recording of marine mammals that passed the vessel without changing course and/or did not appear to interact with the vessel or its gear. Observers witnessed 23 interactions and made another 44 sightings of marine mammals. A further 24 interactions and sightings were relayed by crew members. Killer whales were reported most frequently: most incidences of fish being damaged, taken or frightened away were attributed to them. Eleven marine mammals were caught: two died, seven were released, and the fate of two others was not recorded. Between 1991 and 1996, when observer coverage was 11.5% overall in the AFZ, the incidence of interactions was 1.71 per million hooks set. The estimated number of interactions in that seven-year period was 157 in the AFZ. Since 1997, the long-line fishery has been conducted by Australian vessels, primarily off the east coast of mainland Australia in warm-temperate waters. A higher proportion of interactions can be expected with killer whales and short-finned pilot whales in these waters, and fewer with seals.

Consumption by marine mammals on the Northeast U.S. continental shelf

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel A. Smith ◽  
Jason S. Link ◽  
Steven X. Cadrin ◽  
Debra L. Palka
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Marine Mammals

Marine Technology, Oceanic Research Activities and Their Integration into the General Framework of International Law

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Montserrat Gorina-Ysern
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
International Law ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Outer Continental Shelf ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Ocean Exploration ◽  
Operational Oceanography ◽  
Marine Technology

Marine technology is a fundamental component in the conduct of oceanic research activities. This article focuses on three oceanic research activities—ocean exploration, outer continental shelf delimitation and operational oceanography—that provide important benefits to all societies and yet are not well known by the general public. It is suggested that the peripheral status of these activities, by contrast with research impinging on marine mammals, is due to the absence of international disputes since the end of WWII involving oceanic research. This positive development, however, is offset by the development of the law governing oceanic research activities away from a body of legal experts in international law. The marginal regulation of ocean exploration, outer continental shelf delimitation and operational oceanography suffers from definitional, fragmentation and complementarity defects, as well as from the absence of a case law in the field that could assist the international judicial and legal professions, as well as policymakers, oceanographers, and law enforcement agencies in ensuring a greater degree of legal certainty, predictability, and security in the face of important new expansionary claims and new technologies.

NetPlus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Ben Robert Kneppers ◽  
Moacyr Bartholomeu Laruccia
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Life Cycle Thinking ◽  
Shared Value ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Community Programs ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
A Company

Once seen as a miracle material, petroleum-based plastics are now arguably one of the largest sources of pollution on the planet. With 80% of land-based litter ending up in our oceans, ocean plastic is now reported to be on track to outweigh fish by 2050. Conservationists have been able to identify the most harmful form of ocean plastic pollution for marine mammals, turtles, and seabirds worldwide to be discarded fishing gear. Bureo, a company operating between Chile and California in partnership with sustainable outdoor retailer Patagonia, is addressing this issue by transforming this harmful material into high-value products. Through their shared-value business model and life cycle thinking, they have built a network of partnering fishing communities across the coast of Chile committed to return their fishing nets at their end of life in exchange for compensation towards community programs. Through their innovative supply chain and the living product challenge framework, Bureo is setting out to achieve the first plastic with a net positive impact on the environment and people.

scholarly journals DEEP-WATER EXPLORATORY BOTTOM LONG LINING IN THE WATERS OF THE ARAFURA SEA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Badrudin Badrudin ◽  
Ngurah N. Wiadnyana ◽  
Berbudi Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Shelf Area ◽  
Long Line ◽  
Arafura Sea ◽  
Continental Shelf Area

Bottom long line fisheries in the continental shelf area of the Arafura Sea has have practised and developed since the last two decades. But bottom long lining in the slope area seemed to be unusual fishing operation for most Indonesian fishers as this fishing activily facing a relatively higher rbks of fishing gear lost.

Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Submarine Canyons ◽  
Benthic Habitats ◽  
Uneven Bottom ◽  
Glass Sponges ◽  
Upper Slope

Multibeam, backscatter, and video data were collected on Portlock Bank near Kodiak, Alaska in the vicinity of groundfish fisheries. The objective was to characterize habitat in heavily fished grounds to understand whether habitats in current fishing grounds are vulnerable to ongoing fishing activities. The multibeam and backscatter data indicated at least a dozen macro- or meso-habitats. The megahabitats are the result of past glaciation and are presently being reworked into moderate (cm-m) relief features. Submarine canyons notch the upper slope and provide steep relief with alternating mud-covered and consolidated sediment exposures. The video data from the submersible Delta, indicated little evidence of trawling on the low relief grounds of the continental shelf where perhaps the level bottom did not induce door gouging and there was a lack of boulders to be turned over or dragged. The most common epifauna were crinoids, small non-burrowing sea anemones, glass sponges, stylasterid corals and brittlestars. Occasional large boulders were located in depressions were the only anomaly in the otherwise flat seafloor. These depressions may have afforded some protection to fishing gear, as the glass sponges and stylasterid corals attached to these boulders were larger than were typically observed. In contrast, there was evidence of boulders turned over or dragged by trawling in the areas of the upper slope. The uneven bottom perhaps induced gouging by the trawl doors. The substrate was mostly small boulders, cobble, and gravel. Presently there does not appear to be much habitat in this area that can be damaged by trawling. No large corals and very few large sponges were seen. Whether this is the result of past trawl activity is unclear.

Patterns in the Local Distribution of the Sea Whip, Halipteris willemoesi, in an Area Impacted by Mobile Fishing Gear

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Lindholm ◽  
Megan Kelly ◽  
Donna Kline ◽  
Jean de Marignac
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Local Distribution ◽  
Large Patch ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽  
Central California ◽  
Significant Variability ◽  
Video Imagery ◽  
Dense Aggregation

While conducting a larger project along the continental shelf off central California in June 2006, we encountered a large patch of sea whips (Halipteris willemoesi) in an area that was actively fished by vessels using otter trawls. A total of 10 transects were conducted using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to collect video imagery of seafloor communities. Video records allowed us to quantify sea whip density and to calculate the densities of upright and damaged or broken sea whips. Though the transects were sited within a dense aggregation of trawl tracks, we recorded significant variability in sea whip densities across transects. While subtle differences in water depth among transects may have contributed to the variability in sea whip density, we suggest that the distribution of trawling effort is a more likely explanation.

Understanding Indian Newsroom: A Review of Select Ethnographic Texts

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Sudeshna Devi
Keyword(s):  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Western Media

The three selected texts are a timely addition to the scantly researched area of newsroom ethnography in the Indian context. They make a substantial case for the need of an ethnographic study into newsrooms in a non-Western context. The authors argue that the ethnographic studies of the 1970s and 1980s are proving ineffectual to grasp the complexities of the fast-changing news ecology of the current time. These earlier studies were conducted in Western countries and replicating the same model to understand non-Western media is futile.

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