scholarly journals Fishing simulation experiments for predicting the effects of purse-seine capture on sardine (Sardina pilchardus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Marçalo ◽  
Tiago A. Marques ◽  
João Araújo ◽  
Pedro Pousão-Ferreira ◽  
Karim Erzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Purse Seine ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Sardina Pilchardus ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Dead Fish ◽  
Delayed Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Marçalo, A., Marques, T. A., Araújo, J., Pousão-Ferreira, P., Erzini, K., and Stratoudakis, Y. 2010. Fishing simulation experiments for predicting the effects of purse-seine capture on sardine (Sardina pilchardus). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 334–344. To study the impact of purse-seine fishing on deliberately released sardine, two laboratory experiments were performed to explore the effect of net confinement for 10, 20, 40, and 60 min at 18 and 23°C. A third experiment considered two levels of fish density while confined for 20 and 40 min at 16°C. Analysis of cortisol and haematocrit demonstrated that stress immediately after simulated fishing was milder than in commercial fishing and did not correlate with observed delayed mortality. Scale loss was related to the probability of dying (mean values of 16.3 and 2% for dead fish and survivors, respectively), and fin erosion was a long-term stress response observed in both dead and surviving fish. Time of confinement was an important stressor, with survival rates decreasing significantly with increasing periods in the net, and temperature having an additional negative effect. Density effects were less conclusive, but there was some indication that survival correlated with biological condition (heavier fish were more likely to survive). It seems that delayed mortality after release can be substantial, although death is not certain and appropriately modified fishing operations and favourable environmental conditions may enhance the probability of sardine survival.

scholarly journals Information asymmetry and conditional financial sector development

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-392
Author(s):  
Simplice Asongu ◽  
Jacinta Nwachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Financial Sector Development ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the role of reducing information asymmetry (IA) on conditional financial sector development in 53 African countries for the period 2004-2011. Design/methodology/approach The empirical evidence is based on contemporary and non-contemporary quantile regressions. Instruments for reducing IA include public credit registries (PCRs) and private credit bureaus (PCBs). Hitherto unexplored dimensions of financial sector development are used, namely, financial sector dynamics of formalization, informalization, semi-formalization and non-formalization. Findings The following findings are established. First, the positive (negative) effect of information sharing offices (ISO) on formal (informal) financial development is consistent with theory. Second, ISOs consistently increase formal financial development, with the incidence of PCRs higher in terms of magnitude, and financial sector formalization, with the impact of PCBs higher for the most part. Third, only PCBs significantly decrease informal financial development and both ISOs decrease financial sector informalization. Policy implications are discussed. Originality/value The study assesses the effect of reducing IA on financial development when existing levels of it matter because current studies based on mean values of financial development provide blanket policy implications which are unlikely to be effective unless they are contingent on prevailing levels of financial development and tailored differently across countries with high, intermediate and low initial levels of financial development.

Impact of the fishery for late-larval European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) on the adult stock in the Adriatic Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 728-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piera Carpi ◽  
Elisabetta B. Morello ◽  
Andres Uriarte ◽  
Monica Panfili ◽  
Beatriz Roel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Sardina Pilchardus ◽  
Aquatic Sciences ◽  
The Impact

Bianchetto [“white” late-larval and juvenile stages (‘fry’) mainly of sardine (Sardina pilchardus)] was fished traditionally along most of the Italian coast. The Gulf of Manfredonia (southwest Adriatic Sea) hosts a sardine nursery which was historically exploited by the bianchetto fishery using trawlnets; the fishery was banned in 2010. Here, we model this larval fishery under different assumptions of catch and natural mortality to assess its impact on the adult sardine stocks in the Adriatic Sea. The results show that the impact of the fishery is heavily dependent on the choice of early-stage natural mortality. The model proposed by Pepin (1991). Effect of temperature and size on development, mortality, and survival rates of the pelagic early life history stages of marine fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 48: 503–518. was selected as the most plausible. Under this assumption, the direct effect of the bianchetto fishery in the Gulf of Manfredonia on the Adriatic adult sardine stock appears to be low, but not negligible, with impacts estimated as a 0.1–2% increase in the numbers of sardine at age 1 in the absence of a bianchetto fishery. Projections show that a 5% impact on age 1 sardine may be sufficient to bring the adult stock below safe levels. Therefore, given the uncertainties surrounding the impact assessment and the current status of the stock, if this fishery were to be resumed, catches should be kept at the lowest possible level until the underlying processes are better understood.

scholarly journals Effects of Lunar Phases and Other Variables on CPUE of European Pilchard, Sardina pilchardus, Caught by Purse Seine in the Eastern Mediterranean

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (06) ◽  
pp. 283-290
Author(s):  
Zafer Tosunoglu ◽  
Tevfik Ceyhan ◽  
Ozlem Gulec ◽  
Faik Ozan Duzbastilar ◽  
Muharrem Hakan Kaykac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Purse Seine ◽  
Sardina Pilchardus ◽  
Lunar Phases ◽  
Pelagic Fishes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fishing Area ◽  
Purse Seine Fishery

European pilchard Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) is one of the most dominant small pelagic landed by purse seine in Turkey as well as Mediterranean. In this study, we aimed to identify relationships between the seasonally adjusted CPUE and changes of the sea surface temperature (SST), fishing area, moon phase, and light used in the purse seine fishery to understand the impact of changes on the CPUE of pelagic fishes, especially S. pilchardus, by a total of 214 operations in Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea. The effect of the parameters on the Sardine CPUE, expressed in terms of kg (haul day)–1, was examined by means of the Generalized Additive Modelling (GAMs) techniques. The CPUE values for S. pilchardus were between 0 – 16 800 kg (haul day)–1 and the mean CPUE was 1 844.3±176.6 kg (haul day)–1 . The smallest median was 441 kg (haul day)–1 for full moon and the differences between the CPUE values of lunar phases were statistically significant (p<0.05). Furthermore, there is a linear relationship between CPUE and SST. In conclusion, the CPUE varied under hydrographic variables mostly SST for sardine purse seine fishery in the Aegean Sea.

The Impact of Backboard Placement on Chest Compression Quality: A Mannequin Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkman Sanri ◽  
Sinan Karacabey
Keyword(s):  
Chest Compression ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction:High-quality chest compressions (CCs) are associated with high survival rates and good neurological outcomes in cardiac arrest patients. The 2015 American Heart Association (AHA; Dallas, Texas USA) Guidelines for Resuscitation defined and recommended high-quality CCs during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, CPR providers struggle to achieve high-quality CCs. There is a debate about the use of backboards during CPR in literature. Some studies suggest backboards improve CC quality, whereas others suggest that backboards can cause delays. This is the first study to evaluate all three components of high-quality CCs: compression depth, recoil depth, and rate, at the same time with a high number of subjects. This study evaluated the impact of backboards on CC quality during CPR. The primary outcome was the difference in successful CC rates between two groups.Methods:This was a randomized, controlled, single-blinded study using a high-fidelity mannequin. The successful CC rates, means CC depths, recoil depths, and rates achieved by 6th-grade undergraduate medical students during two minutes of CPR were compared between two randomized groups: an experimental group (backboard present) and a control group (no backboard).Results:Fifty-one of all 101 subjects (50.5%) were female, and the mean age was 23.9 (SD = 1.01) years. The number and the proportion of successful CCs were significantly higher in the experimental group (34; 66.7%) when compared to the control group (19; 38.0%; P = .0041). The difference in mean values of CC depth, recoil depth, and CC rate was significantly higher in the experiment group.Conclusion:The results suggest that using a backboard during CPR improves the quality of CCs in accordance with the 2015 AHA Guidelines.Sanri E, Karacabey S. The impact of backboard placement on chest compression quality: a mannequin study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(2):182–187

The Transnational Women's Rights Movement and the World Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi E. Rademacher
Keyword(s):  
Women's Rights ◽  
Small Body ◽  
World System ◽  
World Society ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Society Perspective ◽  
The Impact

Promoting the ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) was a key objective of the transnational women's movement of the 1980s and 1990s. Yet, few studies examine what factors contribute to ratification. The small body of literature on this topic comes from a world-society perspective, which suggests that CEDAW represented a global shift toward women's rights and that ratification increased as international NGOs proliferated. However, this framing fails to consider whether diffusion varies in a stratified world-system. I combine world-society and world-systems approaches, adding to the literature by examining the impact of women's and human rights transnational social movement organizations on CEDAW ratification at varied world-system positions. The findings illustrate the complex strengths and limitations of a global movement, with such organizations having a negative effect on ratification among core nations, a positive effect in the semiperiphery, and no effect among periphery nations. This suggests that the impact of mobilization was neither a universal application of global scripts nor simply representative of the broad domination of core nations, but a complex and diverse result of civil society actors embedded in a politically stratified world.

The Impact of Competitive Quasi-Market on Service Delivery in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Idoko Peter
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
State University ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This research the impact of competitive quasi market on service delivery in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria. Both primary and secondary source of data and information were used for the study and questionnaire was used to extract information from the purposively selected respondents. The population for this study is one hundred and seventy three (173) administrative staff of Benue State University selected at random. The statistical tools employed was the classical ordinary least square (OLS) and the probability value of the estimates was used to tests hypotheses of the study. The result of the study indicates that a positive relationship exist between Competitive quasi marketing in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (CQM) and Transparency in the service delivery (TRSP) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05). Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) has a negative effect on Observe Competence in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (OBCP) and the relationship is not statistically significant (p>0.05). Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) has a positive effect on Innovation in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (INVO) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05) and in line with a priori expectation. This means that a unit increases in Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) will result to a corresponding increase in innovation in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (INVO) by a margin of 22.5%. It was concluded that government monopoly in the provision of certain types of services has greatly affected the quality of service experience in the institution. It was recommended among others that the stakeholders in the market has to be transparent so that the system will be productive to serve the society effectively

Problems of Implementation of an Import Substitution Policy in the Oil Industry

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Vertakova ◽  
A. S. Evtyukhin
Keyword(s):  
Import Substitution ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Current Economic Situation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Substitution Policy ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact

The presented study addresses the issues of implementation of an import substitution policy in the Russian oil industry. Support of domestic production is a key objective specified in the message of the President of the Russian Federation in 2019. In light of the current economic situation and considering the importance of the oil industry for the Russian economy, an import substitution policy could help achieve the objective set by the President.Aim. The study aims to identify the problems and ways of implementation of an import substitution policy in the Russian oil industry.Tasks. The authors analyze scientific publications on import substitution and the state of the Russian oil industry at the current stage of development; determine the directions and fundamental trends in the development of the oil industry; identify obstacles that hinder the implementation of an import substitution policy in the oil industry; describe conditions that facilitate the development of the  investment process in the oil industry; propose comprehensive methods and ways to intensify investments and optimize costs for enterprises in the oil industry.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, comparative and statistical analysis to identify problems in the implementation of an import substitution policy in the oil industry.Results. Examination of the current state and development prospects of the oil industry allows the authors to identify obstacles to the development of import substitution. The study shows their impact on the potential of import substitution, which has a negative effect on the prospects of intensification of investment processes, and proposes comprehensive methods and mechanisms that could neutralize the impact of the identified obstacles, thus facilitating the formation of a positive investment climate. Conclusions. Investment climate is shown to have a decisive impact on the potential of import substitution in the Russian oil industry, and ways of overcoming negative trends in the development of the oil industry are proposed.

Others' participation rate influences an individual's charitable behavior: Others' similarity as a moderator

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1607-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Yun Lee ◽  
Sunho Jung ◽  
Sangdo Oh ◽  
Seong Hoon Park
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Charitable Behavior ◽  
High Participation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
High Participation Rate ◽  
Diffusion Of Responsibility

We proposed that a moderator, others' similarity, would determine the impact of high participation rates of others on an individual's charitable behavior, and aimed to show that this moderator would work through the diffusion of responsibility motive. Participants (N = 152 undergraduate students) completed measures of charitable behavior and diffusion of responsibility, after being assigned to 1 of 2 conditions where a set percentage of other students (manipulated as either similar undergraduate students or dissimilar graduate students) were stated to have already donated to a charitable campaign (high contribution condition = 70% participation, low contribution condition = 30% participation). Our results showed that the high participation rate of others increased an individual's charitable behavior when the others in question were similar to that individual, but not when the others were dissimilar. In addition, the high rate of participation by others increased the diffusion of responsibility motive when the others in question were dissimilar to that individual, leading to a negative effect on that individual's charitable behavior.

scholarly journals Quantifying the increase in fishing efficiency due to the use of drifting FADs equipped with echosounders in tropical tuna purse seine fisheries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwenaëlle Wain ◽  
Loreleï Guéry ◽  
David Michael Kaplan ◽  
Daniel Gaertner
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
Purse Seine ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Katsuwonus Pelamis ◽  
Thunnus Obesus ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Tropical Tuna ◽  
Floating Objects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Numerous pelagic species are known to associate with floating objects (FOBs), including tropical tunas. Purse seiners use this behaviour to facilitate the capture of tropical tunas by deploying artificial drifting fish aggregating devices (dFADs). One major recent change has been the integration of echosounders in satellite-tracked GPS buoys attached to FOBs, allowing fishers to remotely estimate fishable biomass. Understanding the effects of this new technology on catch of the three main tuna species (yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares; bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus; and skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis) is important to accurately correct for this change in catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) indices used for stock assessments. We analysed catch data from the French purse seine fleet for the period 2010–2017 in the Indian Ocean to assess the impact of this fleet’s switch to echosounder buoys around 2012. Results indicate that echosounders do not increase the probability a set will be succesful, but they have a positive effect on catch per set, with catches on average increasing by ≈2−2.5 tonnes per set (≈10%) when made on the vessel's own dFADs equipped with an echosounder buoy. Increases were due to a decrease in sets below ≈25 tonnes and an increase in those greater than ≈25 tonnes, with a non-linear transition around this threshold. This increase explains the considerable investment of purse seiners in echosounder buoys, but also raises concerns about bias in stock size estimates based on CPUE if we do not correct for this fishing efficiency increase.

scholarly journals Effect of Competition and Climatic Conditions on the Growth of Beech in the Mixed Pine Beech Stand: Lithuanian Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Edgaras Linkevičius ◽  
Gerda Junevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Competition Effect ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Cart Analysis ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Climate change and warming will potentially have profound effects on forest growth and yield, especially for pure stands in the near future. Thus, increased attention has been paid to mixed stands, e.g., pine and beech mixtures. However, the interaction of tree species growing in mixtures still remains unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the interspecific and intraspecific competition to diameter, height, and crown width of pine and beech trees growing in mixtures, as well as to evaluate the impact of climatic indicators to the beech radial diameter increment. The data was collected in 2017 at the mixed mature pine beech double layer stand, located in the western part of Lithuania. The sample plot of 1.2 hectare was established and tree species, diameter at the breast height, tree height, height-to-crown base, height-to-crown width, and position were measured for all 836 trees. Additionally, a representative sample of radial diameter increments were estimated only for the beech trees by taking out core discs at the height of 1 m when the stand was partially cut. Competition analysis was based on the distance-dependent competition index, which was further based on crown parameters. Climatic effect was evaluated using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. We found almost no interspecific competition effect to diameter, height, or crown width for both tree species growing in the first layer. However, it had an effect on beeches growing in the second layer. The intraspecific competition effect was important for pine and beech trees, showing a negative effect for both of them. Our results show the possible coexistence of these tree species due to niche differentiation. An analysis of climatic indicators from 1991–2005 revealed that precipitation from February–May of the current vegetation year and mean temperatures from July to September expressed radial diameter increment effects for beech trees. Low temperatures during March and April, as well as high precipitation during January, had a negative effect on beech radial increments. From 2006–2016, the highest effect on radial diameter increments was the mean temperatures from July to September, as well as the precipitation in January of the current year. From 1991–2016, the highest effect on radial diameter increments was the temperature from July to September 1991–2016 and the precipitation in June 1991–2016. Generally, cool temperatures and higher precipitation in June had a positive effect on beech radial increments. Therefore, our results show a sensitivity to high temperatures and droughts during summer amid Lithuanian’s growth conditions.

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