scholarly journals Inferring marine distribution of Canadian and Irish Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the North Atlantic from tissue concentrations of bio-accumulated caesium 137

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron D. Spares ◽  
Jeffery M. Reader ◽  
Michael J. W. Stokesbury ◽  
Tom McDermott ◽  
Lubomir Zikovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractSpares, A.D., Reader, J.M., Stokesbury, M.J.W., McDermott, T., Zikovsky, L., Avery, T.S., and Dadswell, M.J. 2007. Inferring marine distribution of Canadian and Irish Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the North Atlantic from tissue concentrations of bio-accumulated caesium 137. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 394–404. Atlantic salmon returning from marine migrations to eastern Canada and western Ireland during 2002 and 2003 were analysed for tissue concentrations of bio-accumulated caesium 137 (137Cs). Salmon from Canadian and Irish waters demonstrated concentrations (0.20 ± 0.14 Bq kg−1 and 0.19 ± 0.09 Bq kg−1, mean ± s.d., respectively) suggesting similar oceanic feeding distributions during migration. Canadian aquaculture escapees had a similar mean tissue concentration (0.28 ± 0.22 Bq kg−1), suggesting migration with wild salmon. However, significantly higher concentrations in 1-sea-winter (1SW) escapees (0.43 ± 0.25 Bq kg−1) may alternatively suggest feeding within local estuaries. High concentrations in some Canadian 1SW salmon indicated trans-Atlantic migration. Low concentrations of Canadian multi-sea-winter (MSW) salmon suggested a feeding distribution in the Labrador and Irminger Seas before homeward migration, because those regions have the lowest surface water 137Cs levels. Estimates of wild Canadian and Irish salmon feeding east of the Faroes (∼8°W) were 14.2% and 10.0% (1SW, 24.7% and 11.5%; MSW, 2.9% and 0.0%), respectively. We propose that most anadromous North Atlantic salmon utilize the North Atlantic Gyre for marine migration and should be classified as a single trans-Atlantic straddling stock.

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of CO-hemoglobin from the North Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1991 ◽  
Vol 220 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-830
Author(s):  
Rolf L. Larsen ◽  
Asbjørn Hordvik ◽  
Edward Hough ◽  
Knut Jynge ◽  
Lars Kr. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of benzamidine-inhibited trypsin from the north atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1990 ◽  
Vol 214 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne O. Smal Ås ◽  
Asbjørn Hordvik ◽  
Lars Kr. Hansen ◽  
Edward Hough ◽  
Knut Jynge
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

scholarly journals Overview of the status of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the North Atlantic and trends in marine mortality

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1538-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald Chaput
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Chaput, G. 2012. Overview of the status of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the North Atlantic and trends in marine mortality. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1538–1548. Since the early 1980s, the ICES Working Group on North Atlantic Salmon has collated and interpreted catch data, exchanged information on research initiatives, and provided advice to managers in support of conservation efforts for Atlantic salmon. During the past three decades, the annual production of anadromous Atlantic salmon from more than 2000 rivers draining into the North Atlantic has been less than 10 million adult-sized salmon. This represents a minor component, by number and biomass, of the pelagic ecosystem in the North Atlantic Ocean. Ideally, Atlantic salmon would be assessed and managed based on river-specific stock units, the scale that best corresponds to the spawner to recruitment dynamic. In reality, comparatively few river-specific assessments are available for either the Northwest or the Northeast Atlantic. The marine survival of Atlantic salmon is low and, based on return rates of smolts to adults from monitored rivers, has declined since the mid- to late 1980s. Abundance has declined more severely for the multi-sea-winter components, and especially in the southern areas of the species' range. Common patterns in abundance, inferred at the level of stock complex in the North Atlantic, suggest that broad-scale factors are affecting productivity and abundance and that they are acting throughout the salmon's time at sea.

Nonanadromous and anadromous Atlantic salmon differ in orientation responses to magnetic displacements

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1846-1852
Author(s):  
David Minkoff ◽  
Nathan F. Putman ◽  
Jelle Atema ◽  
William R. Ardren
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The North ◽  
Marine Migration ◽  
Displacement Experiments ◽  
The North Atlantic

Many animals undertaking long-distance migrations use Earth’s magnetic field as a “map” to assess their position for orientation. This phenomenon been particularly well-studied in salmonids using “magnetic displacement” experiments, in which animals are presented with magnetic field conditions that are characteristic of other geographic locations. However, whether use of magnetic map cues differs among populations of salmon has not been investigated. Here we show that nonanadromous and anadromous populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) raised under the same conditions within their native range differ in their response to magnetic displacements in the North Atlantic. The directions adopted by anadromous salmon juveniles to each of the magnetic displacements would support their migration from the eastern US to western Greenland, had the fish actually been at those locations. In contrast, nonanadromous salmon did not appear to respond to the magnetic displacements. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the innate magnetic map of anadromous salmon is adapted to guide their marine migration.

scholarly journals Temporal synchrony and variation in abundance of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in two subarctic Barents Sea rivers: influence of oceanic conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2384-2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eero Niemelä ◽  
Jaakko Erkinaro ◽  
J Brian Dempson ◽  
Markku Julkunen ◽  
Alexander Zubchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Large River ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North

Long-term variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stocks was analyzed in two Barents Sea rivers, the Teno and Näätämöjoki, that represent the northernmost distribution area of the species. In contrast to most of the North Atlantic area, these rivers are among a group of northern salmon rivers that, despite wide annual variation in catches, demonstrate no consistent trend for declining abundance. Variations in abundance were generally synchronous for the total catch and numbers of 1-sea-winter (1SW) and 2SW salmon during period of 1972–2003. Part of the variation observed in catches could be related to ocean climate conditions as the mean seawater temperature in July during the year of smoltification for the Kola section of the Barents Sea was significantly related to numbers of 1SW, 2SW, and 3SW salmon in the large River Teno. In contrast, NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) indices were not related to salmon catches. The latest increase (1999–2001) in salmon catches in these rivers reflects both temporarily improved oceanic conditions and past management measures affecting offshore, coastal, and river fisheries.

scholarly journals Genomes reveal genetic diversity of Piscine orthoreovirus in farmed and free-ranging salmonids from Canada and USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Siah ◽  
R B Breyta ◽  
K I Warheit ◽  
N Gagne ◽  
M K Purcell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Free Ranging

Abstract Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV-1) is a segmented RNA virus, which is commonly found in salmonids in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. PRV-1 causes the heart and skeletal muscle inflammation disease in Atlantic salmon and is associated with several other disease conditions. Previous phylogenetic studies of genome segment 1 (S1) identified four main genogroups of PRV-1 (S1 genogroups I–IV). The goal of the present study was to use Bayesian phylogenetic inference to expand our understanding of the spatial, temporal, and host patterns of PRV-1 from the waters of the northeast Pacific. To that end, we determined the coding genome sequences of fourteen PRV-1 samples that were selected to improve our knowledge of genetic diversity across a broader temporal, geographic, and host range, including the first reported genome sequences from the northwest Atlantic (Eastern Canada). Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the concatenated genomes and their individual segments revealed that established sequences from the northeast Pacific were monophyletic in all analyses. Bayesian inference phylogenetic trees of S1 sequences using BEAST and MrBayes also found that sequences from the northeast Pacific grouped separately from sequences from other areas. One PRV-1 sample (WCAN_BC17_AS_2017) from an escaped Atlantic salmon, collected in British Columbia but derived from Icelandic broodstock, grouped with other S1 sequences from Iceland. Our concatenated genome and S1 analysis demonstrated that PRV-1 from the northeast Pacific is genetically distinct but descended from PRV-1 from the North Atlantic. However, the analyses were inconclusive as to the timing and exact source of introduction into the northeast Pacific, either from eastern North America or from European waters of the North Atlantic. There was no evidence that PRV-1 was evolving differently between free-ranging Pacific Salmon and farmed Atlantic Salmon. The northeast Pacific PRV-1 sequences fall within genogroup II based on the classification of Garseth, Ekrem, and Biering (Garseth, A. H., Ekrem, T., and Biering, E. (2013) ‘Phylogenetic Evidence of Long Distance Dispersal and Transmission of Piscine Reovirus (PRV) between Farmed and Wild Atlantic Salmon’, PLoS One, 8: e82202.), which also includes North Atlantic sequences from Eastern Canada, Iceland, and Norway. The additional full-genome sequences herein strengthen our understanding of phylogeographical patterns related to the northeast Pacific, but a more balanced representation of full PRV-1 genomes from across its range, as well additional sequencing of archived samples, is still needed to better understand global relationships including potential transmission links among regions.

Long-term changes in migration timing of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at the southern edge of the species distribution

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2392-2400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Juanes ◽  
Stephen Gephard ◽  
Kenneth F Beland
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Term Changes

The Connecticut River historically represented the southernmost extent of the North American range of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), but the native population was extirpated 200 years ago by dam construction. An extensive restoration effort has relied upon stock transfers from more northerly rivers, especially the Penobscot River (Maine). Recent work has shown differences in age structure between donor and derivative populations. Here we focus on a related life-history trait, the timing of the adult migration. We examined 23 years of migration timing data collected at two capture locations in the Connecticut River drainage. We found that both dates of first capture and median capture dates have shifted significantly earlier by about 0.5 days·year–1. To conclude whether this is a consequence of local adaptation or a coast-wide effect, we also quantified changes in migration timing of more northerly stocks (in Maine and Canada). We found that the changes in migration timing were not unique to the Connecticut River stock and instead observed coherent patterns in the shift towards earlier peak migration dates across systems. These consistent shifts are correlated with long-term changes in temperature and flow and may represent a response to global climate change.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Piscine orthoreovirus Genome Linked to Emergence of Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation in Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kannimuthu Dhamotharan ◽  
Torstein Tengs ◽  
Øystein Wessel ◽  
Stine Braaen ◽  
Ingvild B. Nyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Muscle Inflammation ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North ◽  
Farmed Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Associated Pair ◽  
Viral Sequences ◽  
Selection Of

Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was first diagnosed in Norway in 1999. The disease is caused by Piscine orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1). The virus is prevalent in farmed Atlantic salmon, but not always associated with disease. Phylogeny and sequence analyses of 31 PRV-1 genomes collected over a 30-year period from fish with or without HSMI, grouped the viral sequences into two main monophylogenetic clusters, one associated with HSMI and the other with low virulent PRV-1 isolates. A PRV-1 strain from Norway sampled in 1988, a decade before the emergence of HSMI, grouped with the low virulent HSMI cluster. The two distinct monophylogenetic clusters were particularly evident for segments S1 and M2. Only a limited number of amino acids were unique to the association with HSMI, and they all located to S1 and M2 encoded proteins. The observed co-evolution of the S1-M2 pair coincided in time with the emergence of HSMI in Norway, and may have evolved through accumulation of mutations and/or segment reassortment. Sequences of S1-M2 suggest selection of the HSMI associated pair, and that this segment pair has remained almost unchanged in Norwegian salmon aquaculture since 1997. PRV-1 strains from the North American Pacific Coast and Faroe Islands have not undergone this evolution, and are more closely related to the PRV-1 precursor strains not associated with clinical HSMI.

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