scholarly journals Neural Control Systems Underlying Insect Feeding Behavior

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAN GLLFERIN
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Insect Feeding

scholarly journals Control without Controllers: Toward a Distributed Neuroscience of Executive Control

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1684-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Eisenreich ◽  
Rei Akaishi ◽  
Benjamin Y. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Control Modules ◽  
Organizing Principles

Executive control refers to the regulation of cognition and behavior by mental processes and is a hallmark of higher cognition. Most approaches to understanding its mechanisms begin with the assumption that our brains have anatomically segregated and functionally specialized control modules. The modular approach is intuitive: Control is conceptually distinct from basic mental processing, so an organization that reifies that distinction makes sense. An alternative approach sees executive control as self-organizing principles of a distributed organization. In distributed systems, control and controlled processes are colocalized within large numbers of dispersed computational agents. Control then is often an emergent consequence of simple rules governing the interaction between agents. Because these systems are unfamiliar and unintuitive, here we review several well-understood examples of distributed control systems, group living insects and social animals, and emphasize their parallels with neural systems. We then reexamine the cognitive neuroscience literature on executive control for evidence that its neural control systems may be distributed.

Insect Feeding Behavior of Some Colombian Fruit-Eating Bats

1973 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Ayala ◽  
A. D'Alessandro
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Insect Feeding

Respiratory Control in Stuttering Speakers

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1024-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Denny ◽  
Anne Smith
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
High Frequency Oscillations ◽  
High Participation

This study tested the hypothesis that, in stuttering speakers, relations between the neural control systems for speech and life support, or metabolic breathing, may differ from relations previously observed in normally fluent subjects. Bilaterally coherent high-frequency oscillations in inspiratory-related EMGs, measured as maximum coherence in the frequency band of 60–110 Hz (MC-HFO), were used as indicators of participation by the brainstem controller for metabolic breathing in 10 normally fluent and 10 stuttering speakers. In all controls and most stuttering subjects, MC-HFO for speech was higher than or comparable to MC-HFO for deep breathing. For 4 stuttering subjects, higher MC-HFO was observed for speech than for deep breathing. Comparison of deep breathing to a speechlike breathing task yielded similar results. No relationship between MC-HFO during speech and severity of disfluency was observed. We conclude that in some stuttering speakers, the relations between respiratory controllers are atypical, but that high participation by the HFO-producing circuitry in the brainstem during speech is not sufficient to disrupt fluency.

scholarly journals Control without controllers: Towards a distributed neuroscience of executive control

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Eisenreich ◽  
Rei Akaishi ◽  
Benjamin Y. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Control Modules ◽  
Organizing Principles

AbstractExecutive control refers to the regulation of cognition and behavior by mental processes and is a hallmark of higher cognition. Most approaches to understanding its mechanisms begin with the assumption that our brains have anatomically segregated and functionally specialized control modules. The modular approach is intuitive: control is conceptually distinct from basic mental processing, so an organization that reifies that distinction makes sense. An alternative approach sees executive control as self-organizing principles of a distributed organization. In distributed systems, control and controlled processes are co-localized within large numbers of dispersed computational agents. Control then is often an emergent consequence of simple rules governing the interaction between agents. Because these systems are unfamiliar and unintuitive, here we review several well-understood examples of distributed control systems, group living insects and social animals, and emphasize their parallels with neural systems. We then re-examine the cognitive neuroscience literature on executive control for evidence that its neural control systems may be distributed.

scholarly journals Ghrelin signaling regulates feeding behavior, metabolism, and memory through the vagus nerve

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Davis ◽  
Hallie S. Wald ◽  
Andrea N. Suarez ◽  
Jasenka Zubcevic ◽  
Clarissa M. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Afferent Neuron ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretagogue ◽  
Nodose Ganglia ◽  
Normal Feeding ◽  
Short Hairpin Rnas

ABSTRACTVagal afferent neuron (VAN) signaling sends information from the gut to the brain and is fundamental in the neural control of feeding behavior and metabolism. Recent findings reveal that VAN signaling also plays a critical role in cognitive processes, including hippocampus (HPC)-dependent memory. VANs, located in nodose ganglia, express receptors for various gut-derived endocrine signals, however, the function of these receptors with regards to feeding behavior, metabolism, and memory control is poorly understood. We hypothesized that VAN-mediated processes are influenced by ghrelin, a stomach-derived orexigenic hormone, via communication to its receptor (growth hormone secretagogue receptor [GHSR]) expressed on gut-innervating VANs. To examine this hypothesis, rats received nodose ganglia injections of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing short hairpin RNAs targeting GHSR (or a control AAV) for RNA interference-mediated VAN-specific GHSR knockdown. Results reveal that VAN GHSR knockdown induced various feeding and metabolic disturbances, including increased meal frequency, impaired glucose tolerance, delayed gastric emptying, and increased body weight compared to controls. Additionally, VAN-specific GHSR knockdown impaired HPC-dependent episodic contextual memory and reduced HPC brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, but did not affect anxiety-like behavior or levels of general activity. A functional role for endogenous VAN GHSR signaling was further confirmed by results revealing that VAN signaling is required for the hyperphagic effects of ghrelin administered at dark onset, and that gut-restricted ghrelin-induced increases in VAN firing rate require intact VAN GHSR expression. Collective results reveal that VAN GHSR signaling is required for both normal feeding and metabolic function as well as HPC-dependent memory.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document