scholarly journals Microbiota-nourishing Immunity and Its Relevance for Ulcerative Colitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana X Byndloss ◽  
Yael Litvak ◽  
Andreas J Bäumler
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Colonization Resistance ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
New Hypothesis

An imbalance in our microbiota may contribute to many human diseases, but the mechanistic underpinnings of dysbiosis remain poorly understood. We argue that dysbiosis is secondary to a defect in microbiota-nourishing immunity, a part of our immune system that balances the microbiota to attain colonization resistance against environmental exposure to microorganisms. We discuss this new hypothesis and its implications for ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease of the large intestine.

scholarly journals Diversion colitis: a trigger for ulcerative colitis in the in-stream colon?

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
A G Lim ◽  
F L Langmead ◽  
R M Feakins ◽  
D S Rampton
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Rectosigmoid Colon ◽  
Diversion Colitis ◽  
End Colostomy ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The aetiology of ulcerative colitis is unknown. Two patients without pre-existing inflammatory bowel disease in whom end colostomy for faecal incontinence was complicated by diversion colitis in the defunctioned rectosigmoid colon, are described. In both instances, colitis with the clinical, colonoscopic, and microscopic features of ulcerative colitis developed about a year later in the previously normal in-stream colon proximal to the colostomy. These cases suggest that diversion colitis may be a risk factor for ulcerative colitis in predisposed individuals and that ulcerative colitis can be triggered by anatomically discontinuous inflammation elsewhere in the large intestine.

scholarly journals Bifidobacterium Longum: Protection against Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Shunyu Yao ◽  
Zixi Zhao ◽  
Weijun Wang ◽  
Xiaolu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), increases gradually worldwide in the past decades. IBD is generally associated with the change of the immune system and gut microbiota, and the conventional treatments usually result in some side effects. Bifidobacterium longum, as colonizing bacteria in the intestine, has been demonstrated to be capable of relieving colitis in mice and can be employed as an alternative or auxiliary way for treating IBD. Here, the mechanisms of the Bifidobacterium longum in the treatment of IBD were summarized based on previous cell and animal studies and clinical trials testing bacterial therapies. This review will be served as a basis for future research on IBD treatment.

scholarly journals Sparring partners in inflammatory bowel disease: Resident microbiota and the gastrointestinal mucosal immune system

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Mona Bajaj-Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Mucosal Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Molecular Nature

Intestinal homoeostasis is a complex affair. We are just beginning to appreciate the molecular nature of the crosstalk that allows happy coexistence between the commensal resident microbiota and the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal immune system. Both microbial and host components involved in this interplay are being increasingly identified and studied. A better understanding of these multifaceted interactions holds the key for unlocking the cellular events responsible for gut inflammatory conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

scholarly journals OP10 IgA coating of intestinal microbiota is associated with inflammatory bowel disease in twin pairs discordant for inflammatory bowel disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S010-S011
Author(s):  
E Brand ◽  
Y Laenen ◽  
F van Wijk ◽  
M de Zoete ◽  
B Oldenburg
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to result from an interplay between microbiota, the immune system and the environment in genetically susceptible hosts. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) produced by the immune system can be specifically directed against bacteria. The IgA-coating pattern of intestinal bacteria thus reflects interactions between the immune system and specific bacteria. Studying IBD in twins, concordant and discordant for IBD, reduces the impact of genetic predisposition and childhood exposures and therefore offers the unique opportunity to focus on other factors such as intestinal microbiota composition and immune-interactions in IBD. Methods Faecal samples from twin pairs discordant for Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were collected. Employing fluorescence-activated cell sorting, IgA+ and IgA− bacteria from the intestinal microbiota were sorted. Subsequently, (1) the total, (2) IgA+ and (3) IgA− microbial composition was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing (IgA-SEQ). We estimated the relative IgA coating per bacterial species by dividing the abundance of that species in the IgA+ fraction over the abundance in the IgA- fraction, representing the IgA coating index. Linear discriminant analyses were performed with LefSE. Results We included 31 twin pairs (62 individuals) discordant for IBD (CD: 15, UC: 16). 15/32 twin pairs were monozygotic, 43/62 of participants were female, the median age was 47 years (interquartile range: 34–58.5). Of 31 participants with IBD, 7 had signs of active inflammation based on endoscopy, Harvey–Bradshaw index or short clinical colitis activity index. Differences (log-linear discriminant analysis score >3) in the microbial composition of IgA-coated bacteria were observed between CD patients and their twin-siblings not affected by IBD: Dorea formicigenerans (increased in IgA coating), Parabacteroides sp., Christensenellaceae sp., Clostridium sp. and Mollicutes RF39 sp. (decreased in IgA coating). In ulcerative colitis patients, an increase in IgA-coating was observed for Ruminococcus gnavus and Dorea formicigenerans, while Turicibacter sp., Barnesiellaceae sp. and an unclassified Clostridiales sp. were decreased in IgA-coating compared with their twin-siblings not affected by IBD. Conclusion In twins affected by IBD, the pattern of IgA-coated bacteria differs between IBD and non-IBD affected individuals. These data on immune-bacteria interactions could serve as a starting point for the elucidation of the immune-responses triggered by specific bacteria in IBD.

scholarly journals Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Following Appendectomy in Adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Sheng Chung ◽  
Sunny Chung ◽  
Chung-Y Hsu ◽  
Cheng-Li Lin
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Comparison Cohort ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The appendix has a complicated immune function, and appendectomy may derange the immune system. Studies on the relationship between appendectomy and subsequent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been inconsistent. We conducted a nationwide cohort study consisting of individuals who underwent appendectomy to evaluate the incidence and risk of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD).Methods: We identified patients aged >20 years who underwent appendectomy between 2000 and 2012 from inpatient claims of the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) and assigned them to the appendectomy cohort. Then, we randomly selected patients without appendectomy in the NHIRD and assigned them to the comparison cohort in a frequency-matched 1:1 ratio based on sex, age, and index year. We tracked down all participants until IBD diagnosis, death, or the end of 2013. Cox models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare the IBD risk between the appendectomy and comparison cohorts.Results: The appendectomy and comparison cohorts in the study consisted of 246 562 patients each. The appendectomy cohort exhibited a 2.23- and 3.48-fold higher risk of UC (adjusted HR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.59-3.12) and CD (adjusted HR = 3.48, 95% CI = 2.42-4.99), respectively, than did the comparison cohort. UC and CD risks significantly increased in the appendectomy cohort regardless of whether appendicitis was present.Conclusions: Our study suggests that appendectomy increases UC and CD risks irrespective of appendicitis.

scholarly journals P005 Cytokine mediated intercellular communication in inflammatory bowel disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S127-S128
Author(s):  
J P Thomas ◽  
M Olbei ◽  
I Hautefort ◽  
D Modos ◽  
T Korcsmaros
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Mucosal Immune System ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Cell Cell

Abstract Background During inflammatory bowel disease the mucosal immune system is altered. The mucosal immune cells are communicating through the various cytokines. Single cell and small volume RNA-seq and proteomics approaches make the investigation of cytokine networks plausible However the lack of specific resources make such efforts hard. Methods To address this need in this project, we built a cell-cell communication map, CytokineLink, which collates cytokine mediated intercellular interactions. CytokineLink collects the cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions from the OmniPath, immuneXpresso and immunoGlobe databases. We demonstrate the applicability of CytokineLink by presenting how cytokine feedback loops are built and altered during Ulcerative Colitis. We mapped single-cell RNA-seq expression data from inflamed and uninflamed Ulcerative Colitis biopsies to the interactions between cytokines and cytokine receptors, and then we compared the specific cytokine-mediated cell-cell interactions. Results Using our approach, we were able to point out major differences in cell-cell communication between inflamed and uninflamed conditions, and identify key cytokine changes. For example, the generally anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 is produced by regulatory T-cells in both conditions. However the IL-10 receptor positive cells are altered between the inflamed and uninflamed condition: dendritic cells and innate lymphocytes did not express the receptor in the sufficient amount. It suggests that not the cytokine level directly but the receptor level alterations are involved in ulcerative colitis. Also the chemokine CXCL12 was expressed by the inflammatory fibroblasts. This cytokine promotes the T-cell recruitment and through that inflammation. Conclusion With CytokineLink, researchers are capable to pinpoint the most important interactions in the changing mucosal immune system and propose novel therapeutic approaches. We are currently developing a website and easy to follow workflows to make CytokineLink available.

Natural Products: Experimental Efficient Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (46) ◽  
pp. 4893-4913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Cao ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Bing-Xian Sha ◽  
Hai-Feng Pan
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Intestinal Epithelia ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Individual

: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, elusive disorder resulting in relapsing inflammation of intestine with incompletely elucidated etiology, whose two representative forms are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Accumulating researches have revealed that the individual genetic susceptibility, environmental risk elements, intestinal microbial flora, as well as innate and adaptive immune system are implicated in the pathogenesis and development of IBD. Despite remarkable progression of IBD therapy has been achieved by chemical drugs and biological therapies such as aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, antibiotics, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, anti-integrin agents, etc., healing outcome still cannot be obtained, along with inevitable side effects. Consequently, a variety of researches have focused on exploring new therapies, and found that natural products (NPs) isolated from herbs or plants may serve as promising therapeutic agents for IBD through antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-fibrotic and anti-apoptotic effects, which implicates the modulation on nucleotide- binding domain (NOD) like receptor protein (NLRP) 3 inflammasome, gut microbiota, intestinal microvascular endothelial cells, intestinal epithelia, immune system, etc. In the present review, we will summarize the research development of IBD pathogenesis and current mainstream therapy, as well as the therapeutic potential and intrinsic mechanisms of NPs in IBD.

Prebiotics and Probiotics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Where are we now and where are we going?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maliha Naseer ◽  
Shiva Poola ◽  
Syed Ali ◽  
Sami Samiullah ◽  
Veysel Tahan
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Remission Induction ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The incidence, prevalence, and cost of care associated with diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease are on the rise. The role of gut microbiota in the causation of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis has not been established yet. Nevertheless, several animal models and human studies point towards the association. Targeting intestinal dysbiosis for remission induction, maintenance, and relapse prevention is an attractive treatment approach with minimal adverse effects. However, the data is still conflicting. The purpose of this article is to provide the most comprehensive and updated review on the utility of prebiotics and probiotics in the management of active Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis/pouchitis and their role in the remission induction, maintenance, and relapse prevention. A thorough literature review was performed on PubMed, Ovid Medline, and EMBASE using the terms “prebiotics AND ulcerative colitis”, “probiotics AND ulcerative colitis”, “prebiotics AND Crohn's disease”, “probiotics AND Crohn's disease”, “probiotics AND acute pouchitis”, “probiotics AND chronic pouchitis” and “prebiotics AND pouchitis”. Observational studies and clinical trials conducted on humans and published in the English language were included. A total of 71 clinical trials evaluating the utility of prebiotics and probiotics in the management of inflammatory bowel disease were reviewed and the findings were summarized. Most of these studies on probiotics evaluated lactobacillus, De Simone Formulation or Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and there is some evidence supporting these agents for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis and prevention of pouchitis relapse with minimal adverse effects. The efficacy of prebiotics such as fructooligosaccharides and Plantago ovata seeds in ulcerative colitis are inconclusive and the data regarding the utility of prebiotics in pouchitis is limited. The results of the clinical trials for remission induction and maintenance in active Crohn's disease or post-operative relapse with probiotics and prebiotics are inadequate and not very convincing. Prebiotics and probiotics are safe, effective and have great therapeutic potential. However, better designed clinical trials in the multicenter setting with a large sample and long duration of intervention are needed to identify the specific strain or combination of probiotics and prebiotics which will be more beneficial and effective in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

scholarly journals The Changing Prognosis of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease by Decades

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burton I Korelitz ◽  
Judy Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract We present a bird’s eye view of the prognosis for both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease as contained in the database of an Inflammatory Bowel Disease gastroenterologist covering the period from 1950 until the present utilizing the variables of medical therapy, surgical intervention, complications and deaths by decades.

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