scholarly journals Human immunodeficiency virus serodiscordant couples on highly active antiretroviral therapies with undetectable viral load: conception by unprotected sexual intercourse or by assisted reproduction techniques?

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vandermaelen ◽  
Y. Englert
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Assisted Reproduction Techniques ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapies ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Decay Kinetics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Peripheral Blood after Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (14) ◽  
pp. 6508-6516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Casazza ◽  
Michael R. Betts ◽  
Louis J. Picker ◽  
Richard A. Koup
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT We measured the longitudinal responses to 95 HLA class I-restricted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epitopes and an immunodominant HLA A2-restricted cytomegalovirus (CMV) epitope in eight treatment-naive HIV-infected individuals, using intracellular cytokine staining. Patients were treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for a median of 78 weeks (range, 34 to 121 weeks). Seven of eight patients maintained an undetectable viral load for the duration of therapy. A rapid decline in HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell response was observed at initiation of therapy. After an undetectable viral load was achieved, a slower decrease in HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell response was observed that was well described by first-order kinetics. The median half-life for the rate of decay was 38.8 (20.3 to 68.0) weeks when data were expressed as percentage of peripheral CD8+ T cells. In most cases, data were similar when expressed as the number of responding CD8+ T cells per microliter of blood. In subjects who responded to more than one HIV epitope, rates of decline in response to the different epitopes were similar and varied by a factor of 2.2 or less. Discontinuation of treatment resulted in a rapid increase in HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. Responses to CMV increased 1.6- and 2.8-fold within 16 weeks of initiation of HAART in two of three patients with a measurable CMV response. These data suggest that HAART quickly starts to restore CD8+ T-cell responses to other chronic viral infections and leads to a slow decrease in HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell response in HIV-infected patients. The slow decrease in the rate of CD8+ T-cell response and rapid increase in response to recurrent viral replication suggest that the decrease in CD8+ T-cell response observed represents a normal memory response to withdrawal of antigen.

scholarly journals Decreased Bone Formative and Enhanced Resorptive Markers in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Indication of Normalization of the Bone-Remodeling Process during Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy1

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pål Aukrust ◽  
Charlotte J. Haug ◽  
Thor Ueland ◽  
Egil Lien ◽  
Fredrik Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

As cytokines and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] appear to have an important role in bone homeostasis, we examined the possibility that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, characterized by enhanced levels of proinflammatory cytokines and 1,25-(OH)2D deficiency, have disturbed bone metabolism by analyzing serum markers of bone formation (osteocalcin) and bone resorption (C-telopeptide) in 73 HIV-infected patients. HIV-infected patients with advanced clinical and immunological disease and high viral load were characterized by increased C-telopeptide and particularly by markedly depressed osteocalcin levels. HIV-infected patients had enhanced activation of the TNF system. Serum concentrations of p55 and p75-TNF receptors were negatively correlated with osteocalcin, and p75-TNF receptor was positively correlated with C-telopeptide. HIV-infected patients with advanced disease also had decreased serum concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D, but this parameter was not correlated with osteocalcin or C-telopeptide. During 24 months with highly active antiretroviral therapy there was a marked rise in serum osteolcalcin levels together with a profound fall in viral load and TNF components and a marked rise in CD4+ T cell counts. Also, there was a shift from no correlation to a significant correlation between osteocalcin and C-telopeptide levels during such therapy. The present study suggests disturbed bone formation and resorption during HIV infection. Our findings indicating synchronization of bone remodeling during highly active antiretroviral therapy may represent a previously unrecognized beneficial effect of such therapy and expand our knowledge of the interactions between cytokines and bone in the bone-remodeling process.

scholarly journals In a Subset of Subjects on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Plasma Decays from 50 to <5 Copies per Milliliter, with a Half-Life of 6 Months

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 2271-2275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Di Mascio ◽  
Geethanjali Dornadula ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Julie Sullivan ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Three of five virally suppressed human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1)-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy and followed intensively with a supersensitive reverse transcriptase PCR assay with a lower limit of quantitation of 5 copies/ml showed statistically significant viral load decays below 50 copies/ml, with half-lives of 5 to 8 months and a mean of 6 months. This range of half-lives is consistent with the estimated half-life of the latent HIV-1 reservoir in the peripheral blood. Those patients without decay of viral load in plasma may have significant cryptic HIV-1 residual replication.

scholarly journals Quantitative and Cost Comparison of Ultrasensitive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Viral Load Assays: Bayer bDNA Quantiplex Versions 3.0 and 2.0 and Roche PCR Amplicor Monitor Version 1.5

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1113-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Elbeik ◽  
Edwin Charlebois ◽  
Patricia Nassos ◽  
James Kahn ◽  
Frederick M. Hecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Hiv 1

Quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA as a measure of viral load has greatly improved the monitoring of therapies for infected individuals. With the significant reductions in viral load now observed in individuals treated with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), viral load assays have been adapted to achieve greater sensitivity. Two commercially available ultrasensitive assays, the Bayer Quantiplex HIV-1 bDNA version 3.0 (bDNA 3.0) assay and the Roche Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor Ultrasensitive version 1.5 (Amplicor 1.5) assay, are now being used to monitor HIV-1-infected individuals. Both of these ultrasensitive assays have a reported lower limit of 50 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml and were developed from corresponding older generation assays with lower limits of 400 to 500 copies/ml. However, the comparability of viral load data generated by these ultrasensitive assays and the relative costs of labor, disposables, and biohazardous wastes were not determined in most cases. In this study, we used matched clinical plasma samples to compare the quantification of the newer bDNA 3.0 assay with that of the older bDNA 2.0 assay and to compare the quantification and costs of the bDNA 3.0 assay and the Amplicor 1.5 assay. We found that quantification by the bDNA 3.0 assay was approximately twofold higher than that by the bDNA 2.0 assay and was highly correlated to that by the Amplicor 1.5 assay. Moreover, cost analysis based on labor, disposables, and biohazardous wastes showed significant savings with the bDNA 3.0 assay as compared to the costs of the Amplicor 1.5 assay.

Systematic review of the effectiveness and safety of assisted reproduction techniques in couples serodiscordant for human immunodeficiency virus where the man is positive

2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1684-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Loja Vitorino ◽  
Beatriz Gilda Grinsztejn ◽  
Carlos Augusto Ferreira de Andrade ◽  
Yara Hahr Marques Hökerberg ◽  
Claudia Teresa Vieira de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Assisted Reproduction Techniques ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus
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