scholarly journals False perceptions and common misunderstandings surrounding the subject of infertility in developing countries

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ombelet
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
The Subject

scholarly journals Creating Destinations for a Better Tomorrow: UN Development Aid for Cultural Tourism in the 1960s

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200942097476
Author(s):  
Marie Huber
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Employment Sector ◽  
Development Decade ◽  
Colonial Legacies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
International Experts

Tourism is today considered as a crucial employment sector in many developing countries. In the growing field of historical tourism research, however, the relationships between tourism and development, and the role of international organizations, above all the UN, have been given little attention to date. My paper will illuminate how during the 1960s tourism first became the subject of UN policies and a praised solution for developing countries. Examples from expert consultancy missions in developing countries such as Ethiopia, India and Nepal will be contextualized within the more general debates and programme activities for heritage conservation and also the first UN development decade. Drawing on sources from the archives of UNESCO, as well as tourism promotion material, it will be possible to understand how tourism sectors in many so-called developing countries were shaped considerably by this international cooperation. Like in other areas of development aid, activities in tourism were grounded in scientific studies and based on statistical data and analysis by international experts. Examining this knowledge production is a telling exercise in understanding development histories colonial legacies under the umbrella of the UN during the 1960s and 1970s.

scholarly journals Geostationary Belt – State’s Territory or Province of Mankind?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Rafał Kopeć
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Geostationary Orbit ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Space Law ◽  
Special Area ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Affairs

Abstract The geostationary orbit is a special area in outer space. Because of its distinctive characteristics, it has constantly been the subject of economic and political desirability. Space powers, taking advantage of their technological superiority and rules applied by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) retained a privileged position. Developing countries, responding to this state of affairs, have taken a number of measures to improve their positions. Some of them posed a challenge to the main regulation of space law (Bogota declaration was an attempt to exercise a national sovereignty over the segments of the geostationary orbit), some are based on the use of the legal gaps in ITU regulations. Given these circumstances, the specific case of geostationary belt contributes to the debate on the regulations governing space exploration.

12 The Intellectual Property–Competition Interface

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Thomas K
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Process Innovation ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
Patent System ◽  
Competition Rules ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Competition Interface

This chapter focuses on the interface between intellectual property and competition laws. The interface is the most complex between competition law on the one hand and patent law on the other hand. Developing countries only engage in what can be called laggard innovation, which includes acquisition of tacit knowledge, imitation, and process innovation. This may call for a reconsideration of the appropriate approach to the patent–competition interface in developing countries because laggard innovations, with the exception of process innovation, are not the subject of protection of the patent system. If laggard innovations are not the subject matter of protection of the patent system, the patent-competition rules should have little relevance for the quest for innovations in developing countries. In fact, one can argue that the patent system is an impediment to one of the main sources of laggard innovation, imitation, and that the patent-competition rules should be adjusted in a way to facilitate it if one were serious about adopting a pro-growth approach to competition law enforcement in developing countries. This implies that for developing countries that do not produce patentable innovations, there is no need to balance between patent and competition policies. There is in fact no conflict between these two policy objectives. Intellectual property rights and Market-sharing and customer allocation Enforcement and procedure

Chairman’s introduction

1986 ◽  
Vol 316 (1537) ◽  
pp. 193-194
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Irrigation Development ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
The World ◽  
Rothamsted Experimental Station ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Opening Session

I am honoured and privileged to be Chairman for the opening session of this Royal Society Discussion Meeting on Scientific Aspects of Irrigation Schemes. It was originally intended that Dr Howard Penman, F. R. S., was to have been the Chairman for this session, but sadly he is no longer with us. However, his valuable work over many years at the Rothamsted Experimental Station on the physics of evaporation and the determination of the Penman equation lives on and is of continuing benefit to those concerned with irrigation development throughout the world. First, I would like to stress the importance of the subject of this discussion meeting to industrial and developing countries alike, and offer the following estimates of areas under irrigation and drainage-flood protection worldwide in support of this view.

Implications of Genetically Modified Crops and Intellectual Property Rights on Agriculture in Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-271
Author(s):  
Olaitan Oluwaseyi Olusegun ◽  
Ifeoluwa Ayokunle Olubiyi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
The Body ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right

AbstractFood is essential for human survival. When the right quantity and quality is taken, it ensures growth and an adequate supply of nutrition to the body, which results in basic effectiveness in all spheres of life. Genetically modified crops have the potential to alleviate hunger and provide more food, especially in developing countries that have high levels of hunger, malnutrition and poverty. Although the debates on genetically modified crops generally focus on intellectual property, other issues include health and environmental concerns. This article examines these issues with the aim of providing holistic knowledge of the subject matter, which is important for stakeholders, particularly in developing countries, in deciding to protect plant variety rights. The article concludes that it is essential for developing countries to consider food security issues in fulfilling their obligations under the TRIPS Agreement.

Long‐haul tourism 2005: Delphi study

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansruedi Mller
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Negative Impacts

Tourism to distant countries is booming, as many statistics confirm. And the forecasts indicate that long‐haul tourism, with its advantages and disadvantages for travellers and host populations, for the economy and nature, is set to increase still further. The positive and negative impacts on tourism destinations in developing countries in particular are the subject of countless studies and discussions.

scholarly journals Insurance as a loan agreement for managing risk in corporate lending

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Marija Đekić ◽  
Vladimir Ristanović
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Credit Risk Management ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Managing Risk ◽  
Banking Operations

Credit risk management is one of the most important banking operations, both in developed and developing countries. In addition to numerous methods and techniques, banks decide to conclude special credit agreements when granting loans to economic entities. The special provisions of such an agreement provide additional assurance to the lender that it will not incur losses when borrowing funds. In these loan agreements, insurance plays a significant role, whether it is corporate or bank borrowing. In this paper, the subject of consideration is the role of insurance as a loan agreement in corporate lending primarily by banks. The aim of this paper is to describe the importance and role of insurance in the process of corporate lending, point out the benefits of the existence of provisions related to insurance in the loan agreement for both lender and borrower, and provide a brief overview of the use of insurance as a method of credit risk management, referring to the use of this type of agreement in Serbia as well.

scholarly journals Well-Known Trade Marks, Foreign Investment And Local Industry: A Comparison Of China And Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Antons ◽  
Kui Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Bad Faith ◽  
Trade Marks ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
Government Incentives ◽  
The Subject

Strengthened protection for well-known trade marks in accordance with the TRIPS Agreement is an important issue for developing countries, which has led to trade pressures from industrialised nations in the past. ‘Trade mark squatting’, referring to the registration in bad faith of foreign well-known marks in order to sell them back to their original owners, is a much discussed phenomenon in this context. This article outlines the history and development of well-known trade marks and the applicable law in China and Indonesia. It looks not just at foreign and international brands subjected to ‘trade mark squatting’, but also at how local enterprises are using the system. Rather remarkably in view of the countries’ turbulent histories, local well-known marks have a long history and are well respected for their range of products. They are not normally affected by the ‘trade mark squatting’ phenomenon and are rarely the subject of disputes. Enhanced protection under the TRIPS Agreement is especially relevant for international brands and the article shows the approaches in the two countries. In China, government incentives assist the proliferation of nationally well-known and locally ‘famous’ marks. In Indonesia, lack of implementing legislation has left the matter of recognition to the discretion of the courts.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STERILIZATION POLICY IN CONTROLLING MONEY SUPPLY AND CAPITAL INFLOWS IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Grujić ◽  
Mile Šikman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
21St Century ◽  
General Public ◽  
Capital Inflows ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

Money laundering, in its almost 90-year-long history, has attracted the attention of the scientific, professional, but also the general public. Throughout the entire period, the manifestations of this criminal phenomenon, its typology, etiological factors, etc., have changed, but the essence has remained the same: the transformation of illegally acquired money into legal financial flows. Emerging markets are particularly burdened, which is the subject of this paper: identifying, monitoring and proving the process of money laundering with the aim to reduce it in developing countries. In addition, what can be observed in these markets is that money laundering operations are mainly related to those activities where most of the payments are made in cash. Their specificity, that is, the basic motive for execution, is not just a profit, but the aspiration to introduce “dirty” money into legal flows. The aim of this paper is to use the method of description to explain and describe scientifically the money laundering process and to combat this phenomenon with a focus on the characteristics of the money laundering process. In addition, the paper describes the models and weaknesses of this process, while at the same time it respects the standards and specifics of business operations in emerging markets. The result of the paper is that it provides an overview of money laundering in the 21st century in small and open economies, including proposals to prevent and combat this negative phenomenon.

scholarly journals Mechanisms for attracting an international contingent of students to Russian universities in relation to the university, regional and federal levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
M. A. Tanina ◽  
V. V. Bondarenko ◽  
V. A. Yudina ◽  
O. N. Leskina
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University ◽  
Russian Universities ◽  
Strategic Goal

Increasing the export potential of the higher education system is a strategic goal of many developed and developing countries, including Russia. At the same time, attracting foreign students to domestic universities makes it possible to attract foreign intellectual resources, develop international cooperation and diplomacy. During the study, a model of a system for managing the competitiveness of higher education in Russia has been developed, which contributes to attracting an international contingent of students to Russian universities. This system takes into account the influence of global environmental factors and state macro-environment factors. The subject of management in this system is represented by the federal, regional and university levels. For each subject level, methods have been developed to attract an international contingent of students to Russian universities. The object of management in the developed system is the level of competitiveness of higher education in Russia.

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