scholarly journals Myeloperoxidase inhibitor AZD5904 enhances human sperm function in vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Campbell ◽  
I E Sucquart ◽  
A Whittaker ◽  
H J Sanganee ◽  
C L R Barratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Sperm Function ◽  
Sperm Penetration ◽  
Vitro Model

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Does AZD5904, a myeloperoxidase inhibitor (MPOi), have any effect on human sperm function in vitro? SUMMARY ANSWER AZD5904 improves sperm function in an in vitro model of oxidative stress (OS) and potentially offers a novel treatment approach for male infertility. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Male infertility is an underlying or contributory cause in half of all couples experiencing difficulties conceiving, yet there is currently no effective treatment or cure. OS is a common pathology in a significant proportion of infertile men. It can negatively affect sperm motility and the ability to fertilize a mature oocyte, as well as DNA integrity, and therefore represents an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study included population-based samples from men (23–50 years) attending Ninewells Assisted Conception Unit, Dundee for diagnostic semen analysis, July 2017–September 2018. Semen samples (n = 47) from 45 patients were used. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Neutrophils activated using zymosan were incubated with prepared human spermatozoa for 2 h (T2) and 24 h (T24) to create an in vitro model of OS. Parallel samples were co-incubated with AZD5904, an MPOi, to examine its effects. Sperm motility was assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis at T2 and T24. Functional motility was assessed by sperm penetration assay. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE There was no significant difference in total or progressive sperm motility between any treatment and control groups at T2 or T24. Nonetheless, significant positive effects on sperm function were observed with AZD5904, with 16/45 (35.6%) samples (with both normal and abnormal baseline semen analysis characteristics) displaying a ≥20% increase in sperm penetrated through viscous media (P < 0.003). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This was an in vitro study. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Treatment with AZD5904 resulted in significant increased sperm penetration in one of three samples treated, which is likely to represent improvement in sperm function required for fertilization. We are now planning a clinical trial to validate these results and hope that this could represent a new treatment for male infertility. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) AZD5904 was shared through the AstraZeneca Open Innovation program. The study was funded by AstraZeneca and sponsored by the University of Dundee. Additional funding was provided by Chief Scientist Office/NHS Research Scotland (S.J.M.d.S.). A.W. and H.J.S. are both full time employees of AstraZeneca. A.W. and H.J.S. are inventors on a patent filed by AstraZeneca titled MPOi for use in medicine which includes MPOi for use in the treatment of male infertility (WO 2019/016074 Al). S.J.M.d.S. is Associate Editor of Human Reproduction and Editorial Board member of Reproduction & Fertility. C.L.R.B. is Editor of RBMO and has received lecturing fees from Merck and Ferring and is on the Scientific Advisory Panel for Ohana BioSciences. C.L.R.B. was chair of the World Health Organization Expert Synthesis Group on Diagnosis of Male infertility (2012–2016). C.L.R.B. has a patent WO2013054111 A1 issued. The other authors declare no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.

163 HYPERACTIVATION OF STALLION SPERM IN FOLLICULAR FLUID FOR IN VITRO FERTILIZATION OF EQUINE OOCYTES

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lange-Consiglio ◽  
F. Cremonesi
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Sperm Penetration ◽  
Low Incidence

In vitro fertilization has remained elusive in the horse, as evidenced by low sperm penetration rates when IVF has been attempted with in vivo- or in vitro-matured oocytes. It is likely that the low sperm penetration rates observed in IVF studies are due to the inability to appropriately capacitate or hyperactivate, or both, stallion sperm in the laboratory. The acquisition of hyperactivated sperm motility has been observed within the oviducts of mammals at the time of fertilization and is required for zona pellucida penetration in conjunction with the acrosome reaction (AR). Although the zona pellucida is considered the prime physiological inducer of AR, previous studies have shown a low incidence of AR in zona pellucida-bound stallion spermatozoa after 1 h of in vitro binding. This low incidence suggests that, besides the zona pellucida glycoproteins, another major factor might be responsible for AR. Protein-bound progesterone, present in equine follicular fluid (FF), has been demonstrated to induce AR in stallion spermatozoa. In this context, the aims of this study were (1) to hyperactivate stallion sperm in FF and (2) to verify whether this hyperactivation supports equine IVF. Pooled FF, aspirated from the preovulatory follicles of oestrous mares, was used and its progesterone concentration was determined by immune enzymatic assay. Spermatozoa from fertile stallions selected by a swim-up procedure were pre-incubated for 6 h in capacitating medium (modifed Whittens's medium (WM) supplemented with 25 mM NaHCO3 and 7 mg mL–1 of BSA) and then incubated for 6 h at 37°C in either FF or capacitating WM. Sperm motility was assayed by computer-assisted semen analysis, rates of AR were assessed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-PNA staining and rate of apoptosis was assessed by an annexin V test. For IVF, spermatozoa were incubated at 10 × 106 sperm mL–1 in capacitating WM for 6 h and then diluted to 1 × 106 sperm mL–1 in capacitating WM with or without 10% of FF. Five mature mare oocytes were transferred into droplets (100 μL) of the sperm suspensions covered with mineral oil and then incubated for 18 h at 38.5°C in 5% CO2 in humidified air. After that, oocytes were transferred to an embryo culture medium (DMEM/F-12) for an additional 3 days. Data were analysed by ANOVA. Treatment of sperm with FF resulted in a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease of 3 motility variables indicative of hyperactivation: straight line velocity, straightness and linearity. The highest rate of AR (29.44%) and a lower rate of apoptosis (16.93%) were obtained after 4 h of incubation in follicular fluid. By coupling capacitating conditions with the induction of hyperactivation using follicular fluid, we have obtained reproducible percentages of 8-cell-stage embryos (18.56%) in our IVF experiments. Conversely, sperm incubated in capacitating conditions but not treated with FF did not fertilize (0%). It is concluded that mare FF does not impair sperm viability, stimulates equine sperm hyperactivation in vitro, induces the AR and supports equine IVF.

An Insight into Novel Sperm Cell Proteins as Bio-markers for Male Infertility: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naina Kumar ◽  
Namit Kant Singh
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
English Language ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sperm Dna Damage ◽  
Sperm Proteins

: Male infertility is rising now-a-days and accounts for major part of infertility cases worldwide. Novel tests are being developed for better detection and management of male infertility. Though there are many tests available for diagnosing male infertility like acrosome reaction rate, hemizona assay, in vivo or in vitro sperm penetration assay, sperm DNA damage tests, but semen analysis is most commonly used initial test for male infertility. It is usually associated with failure to detect cause in many cases, as seminal composition gets affected by a number of factors and can give false reports. Furthermore, it does not give any information about defects in capacitation, sperm Zona Pellucida interaction and sperm’s ability to fertilize oocytes. This results in failure of detection and delayed management of male infertility. Hence, the present review was conducted to identify various sperm proteins that play significant role in spermatogenesis, sperm motility, sperm-Zona Pellucida interaction and fertilization. These proteins can be used in future as markers of male infertility and will aid in better detection and management of male infertility. Methodology: Search for literature was made from 1970 to 2020 from various databases like PUBMED, SCOPUS, Google Scholar on sperm proteins and their role in male fertility using keywords: “sperm protein as bio-markers”, “novel sperm proteins as markers of infertility”, “Sperm proteins essential for capacitation, sperm motility and oocyte fertilization”. Inclusion criteria: All full-length research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analysis or abstracts on sperm proteins and male infertility published in English language in peer-reviewed journals were considered.

scholarly journals 12PREDICTION OF BULL FERTILITY BY COMPUTER ASSISTED SEMEN ANALYSIS

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cseh ◽  
T. Polichronopoulos ◽  
L. Solti
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Fertilizing Capability ◽  
Weighted Values

Sperm motility is clearly essential for fertilization both in vivo and in vitro. Motility is necessary for successful sperm transport, a step that is bypassed with in vitro fertilization. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the objective evaluation and characterization of sperm motility more than simply determining the total proportion of motile spermatozoa. The purpose of computerassisted semen analysis (CASA) is to provide values for sperm concentration and sperm motility more rapidly and accurately than those obtained with traditional semen analyses methods. The objective of our experiment was to investigate the effect of specific aspects of sperm movement, such as the velocity of progression and the actual pattern of movement, to the fertilizing capability of sperm. Frozen semen samples of 10 HF breeding bulls were used in the study. For the motility analyses, Medealab CASA system (Medealab, Germany, Ver. 4.1) was used, and the velocity parameter of VCL (curvalinear velocity, μms−1), VSL (straight line velocity, μms−1), and VAP (average path velocity, μms−1) were evaluated and compared with the Day 30 and 75 non−return rates (NR30 and NR75). For every sample, a total of 10 fields were examined for 8s using a disposable 20 micron capillary chamber (CellVision, USA) giving a total of 1165 to 2831 cells evaluated. Chi square analysis, analyses of variance and linear correlation coefficient was applied to the statistical evaluation and comparison of the results. Data are based on weighted values. From the same batch of the analyzed frozen semen, a total of 8099 females were inseminated in more than 100 farms with a total of 6590 animals being positive for pregnancy at Day 30 and 4525 animals at Day 75. Within the bulls, differences were found in the values of NR30 and NR75 (P<0.05). Our data indicate very strong differences between the males’ NR30 and NR75 values (NR30: 65.6%±13.04 to 79.6%±11.17; P<0.001 and NR75: 37.8%±10.38 to 58.3%±15.53; P<0.001) reflecting the individual differences in the fertilizing capability of the males. All velocity parameters show very high correlation with strong significance both non−return rates but the best values belong to VAP (NR30 and NR75; P<0.02). Our data indicate that the bulls with lower VCL (25.51±33.04 to 79.54±58.03), VSL (11.35±19.45 to 36.36±35.71), and VAP (12.67±19.06 to 41.75±34.45) values showed lower fertilization rates both at NR30 and NR75. Computer and video technologies have advanced rapidly in recent years; thus the capability and accuracy of the latest versions of CASA systems are considerably better and they give more information about the different motion characteristics of spermatozoa. Because of the vital role of sperm motility in the reproductive process, such systems will enable us to move into a new era of diagnostic andrology and predict the fertilizing capability of semen. Supported by NKFP-Grants 4/040/2001 and 4/031/2001.

Effect of Panax notoginseng Extracts on Inferior Sperm Motility in vitro

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Chou Chen ◽  
Ming-Xiong Xu ◽  
Leih-Der Chen ◽  
Yan-Nian Chen ◽  
Tsan Hung Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
World Health ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng extracts on inferior sperm motility in vitro. Semen samples were collected from 23 patients with sperm motility between 20% and 40%. The sperm count was over 20 × 106/ml in accordance with the World Health Organization standard. 1.0 mg/ml and 2.0 mg/ml of Panax notoginseng extracts including aqueous extract, n-butanol extract, and polysaccharide fraction on sperm motility and progression were evaluated by computer assisted semen analysis. The results demonstrated that sperm motility as well as progression on inferior sperm motility were enhanced at 1 hour and 2 hours after incubation with all three types of extracts.

180 ASSESSMENT OF BULL SEMEN QUALITY LOADED IN NEW SensiTemp STRAWS USING SEMEN AND IN VITRO PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
D. Le Bourhis ◽  
S. Camugli ◽  
P. Salvetti ◽  
L. Schibler ◽  
E. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Fluid Medium ◽  
And Control

SensiTemp, a new in vitro maturation (IMV) bull straw concept, presents the advantage of colour changing while the straw is thawed. The colour of frozen straws is blue and straws start to become white when the temperature reaches 33°C, with a complete change of colour at 37°C. The objective of this study is to assess sperm quality after thawing of semen frozen in SensiTemp from 2 bulls, by analysing, in experiment 1, sperm motility and membrane integrity using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) and flow cytometry (FC), and, in experiment 2, the in vitro embryo production (IVP) using IVP technologies [IVM, IVF, and in vitro culture (IVC)]. The ejaculates of 2 bulls, selected during preliminary experiments on high in vitro fertility, were harvested at CIA L’Aigle, France, and split ejaculates were frozen in experimental (SensiTemp) and conventional (control) straws. In experiment 1 after thawing semen from the 2 types of straws (5 pooled straws each; 2 replicates), motility was assessed using the IVOS CASA system (Hamilton Thorne Inc., Beverly, MA, USA) and membrane integrity was evaluated through FC with Cytosoft software (Millipore-Guava Technologies Inc., Hayward, CA, USA). In experiment 2, IVF was used to evaluate the non-toxicity of SensiTemp and control straws. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC; n = 1178; 4 replicates) collected from slaughterhouse ovaries were matured in IVM medium (TCM-199 with bicarbonate, Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Quentin Fallavier, France; 10 µg mL–1 FSH-LH, Reprobiol, Liège, Belgium; and 10% FCS, Thermo Fisher, Illkirch, France) for 22 h. After fertilization, presumptive zygotes of each group (SensiTemp and control for each bull) were cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid medium (SOF, Minitube, Tiefenbach, Germany) with 1% estrous cow serum (ECS) and 0.6% BSA (Sigma-Aldrich, France) up to 8 days. All cultures were conducted at 38.5C in 5% CO2, and 5% O2. The cleavage and blastocysts rates were evaluated on Days 3 and 7, respectively, for each group. Embryo quality was recorded on Day 7 according to the IETS evaluation. Data from each bull were analysed separately using the chi-squared test (P < 0.05). In experiment 1, neither sperm motility from bull 1 (61.2 and 60.5%) and bull 2 (66.2 and 66.5%) nor membrane integrity from bull 1 (58.6 and 52.2%) and bull 2 (61.0 and 61.9%) were different between SensiTemp and control, respectively. Results from experiment 2 showed no difference (P > 0.05) in cleavage rate between SensiTemp and control for the 2 bulls: 92.1 and 91.7% for bull 1 and 94.2 and 94.6% for bull 2 respectively. The blastocysts rate on Day 7 did not differ (P > 0.05) among groups (47.5, 47.1 and 51.3, 50.4% for SensiTemp and control bull 1 and bull 2, respectively) nor the quality of embryos retrieved in the different groups: 25.4, 23.3, and 30.8, 29.6% in grade 1 embryo for SensiTemp and control bull 1 and bull 2, respectively. Those results demonstrate, in vitro, that the new SensiTemp straws were non-toxic and did not affect the semen quality after thawing nor did the SensiTemp straws affect the ability of sperm cells to fertilize oocytes and produce 8-day-old embryos.

scholarly journals 216.The effects of Viagra on sperm function and early embryo development

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
S. E. M. Lewis ◽  
D. R. J. Glenn ◽  
N. McClure
Keyword(s):  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Sperm Function ◽  
Embryo Cleavage

In an audit of UK fertility units, we have demonstrated that 42% prescribe Viagra to aid patient semen production. Viagra is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE5) and as non-specific PDEs have been shown to affect fertility, safety concerns have been raised. The aims of this study are to investigate the effects of Viagra on sperm function and early embryo cleavage. Human semen was incubated with and without Viagra (450�ng/mL sildenafil citrate, equivalent to plasma concentrations after 100�mg oral dose; Pfizer, UK). Aliquots were also prepared by a 90/45% density centrifugation gradient to separate good and poor subpopulations. All samples were analysed by computer assisted semen analysis (HTM-IVOS) up to 60 and 120�min. Prepared samples were also labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate–peanut agglutinin to determine acrosome status. Male mice were gavaged with Viagra (equivalent dose/body wt) and mated with superovulating females. Twenty females were sacrificed 12�h later, their oviducts flushed and viable fertilized oocytes counted. Another 20 females were sacrificed 4�days after mating and their embryo numbers and cleavage stages determined. Viagra increased % progressive motility in semen (n�=�22) by 38%, VAP by 21%, VSL by 21% and VCL by 16% at 60�min (all P values <0.001). These effects were sustained at 120�min. Sperm isolated from 90% (n�=�57) and 45% (n�=�15) fractions showed similar increases. Viagra also increased the proportion of acrosome reacted sperm in the 90% (+79%, P�<�0.001) and 45% (+77%, P�<�0.001) fractions. Further, Viagra caused a reduction in both the numbers of fertilised oocytes (–35%, P�<�0.001) and those reaching blastocyst stage (85%, P�<�0.001). This study demonstrates that Viagra increases human sperm motility. However, Viagra induces human premature acrosome reactions and impairs mouse fertilisation and embryo cleavage. This study raises significant concerns for its use in assisted reproduction.

scholarly journals Evidence of 5-HT components in human sperm: implications for protein tyrosine phosphorylation and the physiology of motility

Reproduction ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Jiménez-Trejo ◽  
Miguel Tapia-Rodríguez ◽  
Marco Cerbón ◽  
Donald M Kuhn ◽  
Gabriel Manjarrez-Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Serotoninergic System ◽  
Peripheral Tissues

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; C10H12N2O (5-HT)) is produced in the CNS and in some cells of peripheral tissues. In the mammalian male reproductive system, both 5-HT and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) have been described in Leydig cells of the testis and in principal cells of the caput epididymis. In capacitated hamster sperm, it has been shown that 5-HT promotes the acrosomal reaction. The aim of this work was to explore the existence of components of the serotoninergic system and their relevance in human sperm physiology. We used both immunocytochemistry and western blot to detect serotoninergic markers such as 5-HT, TPH1, MAOA, 5-HT1B, 5-HT3, and 5HTT; HPLC for TPH enzymatic activity; Computer Assisted Semen Analysis assays to measure sperm motility parameters and pharmacological approaches to show the effect of 5-HT in sperm motility and tyrosine phosphorylation was assessed by western blot. We found the presence of serotoninergic markers (5-HT, TPH1, MAOA, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT3, 5-HTT, and TPH enzymatic activity) in human sperm. In addition, we observed a significant increase in tyrosine phosphorylation and changes in sperm motility after 5-HT treatment. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the existence of components of a serotoninergic system in human sperm and support the notion for a functional role of 5-HT in mammalian sperm physiology, which can be modulated pharmacologically.

225 DOES THE SUPPLEMENTATION OF THE BOAR SEMEN EXTENDER WITH CARNOSINE, L-HISTIDINE, AND TAURINE PRESERVE SPERM FUNCTION DURING STORAGE?

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
C. Matás ◽  
J. C. Gardón ◽  
F. A. Garcia-Vazquez ◽  
S. Pacchini ◽  
M. Ducci
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Sperm Function ◽  
Taurine Supplementation ◽  
Boar Semen ◽  
Motility Parameters

High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS: superoxide, hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, peroxynitrile) endanger sperm motility, viability, and function by interaction with membrane lipids, proteins, and nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Sikka 2004 J. Androl. 25, 5–18). ROS generation has a significant negative effect on the fertilization rate after IVF, and so measurement of ROS levels in semen specimens before IVF may be useful in predicting the IVF outcome (Agarwal et al. 2005 Fertil. Steril. 84, 228–231). Several compounds of the antioxidant systems have been identified in the epididymal environment, spermatozoa, and seminal plasma. The antioxidants carnosine, L-histidine (Ducci et al. 2006 Pol. J. Vet. Sci. 9, 159–163), and taurine (Van der Horst and Grooten 1966 Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 117, 495–497) have been detected in boar semen and added to the extender in freezing procedures in several species. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of carnosine, L-histidine, and taurine supplementation of the extender on boar sperm functionality as measured by sperm motility during computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) and by IVF ability using mature oocytes, as previously described (Selles et al. 2003 Reprod. Domest. Anim. 38, 66–72). The sperm-rich fraction from mature fertile boars was diluted with isothermal Beltsville thawing solution (BTS) extender. Diluted semen was placed at 15�C and centrifuged at 800g for 10 min. The semen pellet was resuspended with BTS supplemented by 5 mm of carnosine, L-histidine, or taurine or not supplemented (control) to provide 75 � 106 spermatozoa mL–1 and stored at 15�C for 24 h (IVF assay), or 48 or 120 h (for CASA assay). We observed that the motility parameters were affected by storage time and that the addition of taurine increased the motility at 48 h of storage. Alternately, the addition of L-histidine to the extender reduced significantly the motility parameters after 120 h. The results showed that the addition of L-histidine induced a significant (P ≤ 0.01) decrease of the penetration rate (L-histidine 75.8% v. control 89.9%) and the number of sperm per oocyte penetrated (L-histidine 3.1 v. control 4.1). The rate of male pronuclear formation was not affected by the addition of antioxidants to the extender (over 85% in all cases). The addition of carnosine and taurine had no effect on the IVF parameters. In conclusion the antioxidants carnosine, taurine, and L-histidine affect sperm functionality differently, and further studies are necessary to elucidate what changes in sperm function take place during storage and the mechanisms by which these antioxidants exert their effects. This work was supported by Italian-Spanish research project HI2005-0165 and AGL2006-03495.

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