scholarly journals Insulin response dysregulation explains abnormal fat storage and increased risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 in Cohen Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 6603-6613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floriane Limoge ◽  
Laurence Faivre ◽  
Thomas Gautier ◽  
Jean-Michel Petit ◽  
Elodie Gautier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Fat Storage ◽  
Cohen Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Genes in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: Association with Diabetic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Athanasios Roumeliotis ◽  
Stefanos Roumeliotis ◽  
Fotis Tsetsos ◽  
Marianthi Georgitsi ◽  
Panagiotis I. Georgianos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
Increased Risk

Diabetic type 2 patients compared to nondiabetic patients exhibit an increased risk of developing diabetic kidney disease (DKD), the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Hyperglycemia, hypertension, oxidative stress (OS), and genetic background are some of the mechanisms and pathways implicated in DKD pathogenesis. However, data on OS pathway susceptibility genes show limited success and conflicting or inconclusive results. Our study is aimed at exploring OS pathway genes and variants which could be associated with DKD. We recruited 121 diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) patients with DKD (cases) and 220 DM2, non-DKD patients (control) of Greek origin and performed a case-control association study using genome-wide association data. PLINK and EIGENSOFT were used to analyze the data. Our results indicate 43 single nucleotide polymorphisms with their 21 corresponding genes on the OS pathway possibly contributing or protecting from DKD: SPP1, TPO, TTN, SGO2, NOS3, PDLIM1, CLU, CCS, GPX4, TXNRD2, EPHX2, MTL5, EPX, GPX3, ALOX12, IPCEF1, GSTA, OXR1, GPX6, AOX1, and PRNP. Therefore, a genetic OS background might underlie the complex pathogenesis of DKD in DM2 patients.

scholarly journals Increased incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 119 (21) ◽  
pp. 4845-4850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge J. Castillo ◽  
Nikhil Mull ◽  
John L. Reagan ◽  
Saed Nemr ◽  
Joanna Mitri
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Antidiabetic Therapy ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Hematologic malignancies are a heterogeneous group of conditions with an unclear etiology. We hypothesized that diabetes mellitus type 2 is associated with increased risk of developing lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma. A literature search identified 26 studies (13 case-control and 13 cohort studies) evaluating such an association. Outcome was calculated as the odds ratio (OR) using a random effects model. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated using the I2 index and the trim-and-fill analysis, respectively. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The OR for non-Hodgkin lymphoma was increased at 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.39; P < .01) but the OR for Hodgkin lymphoma was not. There was an increased OR for peripheral T-cell lymphoma (OR = 2.42, 95% CI, 1.24-4.72; P = .009) but not for other non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes. The OR for leukemia was 1.22 (95% CI, 1.03-1.44; P = .02) and the OR for myeloma was 1.22 (95% CI, 0.98-1.53; P = .08). Although diabetes mellitus type 2 seems to increase the risk of developing lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma, future studies should focus on evaluating other potential confounders such as obesity, dietary habits, physical activity, and/or antidiabetic therapy.

scholarly journals The Role of Testosterone in the Etiology and Treatment of Obesity, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Saad ◽  
Louis J. Gooren
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk

Obesity has become a major health problem. Testosterone plays a significant role in obesity, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism. The metabolic syndrome is a clustering of risk factors predisposing to diabetes mellitus type 2, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The main components of the syndrome are visceral obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, raised blood pressure and dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and a proinflammatory and thrombogenic state. Cross-sectional epidemiological studies have reported a direct correlation between plasma testosterone and insulin sensitivity, and low testosterone levels are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, dramatically illustrated by androgen deprivation in men with prostate carcinoma. Lower total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) predict a higher incidence of the metabolic syndrome. Administration of testosterone to hypogonadal men reverses part of the unfavorable risk profile for the development of diabetes and atherosclerosis.

The relationship between diabetes mellitus and heart rhythm disorders: a focus on common pathophysiological mechanisms and modern treatment strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
L.V. Zhuravlyova ◽  
◽  
N.V. Sokolnikova ◽  
T.A. Rogachova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Heart Rhythm Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk

The aim of this review article is the analysis the latest evidence based scientific data on the pathophysiological association between diabetes mellitus and heart arrhythmias and the most acceptable treatment possibilities for their correction. In recent decades, the worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 and associated cardiovascular complications has increased expeditiously. Diabetes mellitus has been proven to increase the risk of atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias regardless of the development of coronary heart disease. The pathophysiological link between diabetes mellitus and arrhythmias has been found to include cardiac diabetic autonomic neuropathy, structural and metabolic myocardial remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Chronic hyperglycemia has been shown to increase risk of atrial dibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias in a dose-dependent manner. Intensive treatment with sulfonylureas and insulin is accompanied by episodes of hypoglycemia, which increases the risk of QTc prolongation and life-threatening arrhythmias. Treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (iDPP-4) inhibitors does not reduce the risk of arrhythmias and is not recommended due to the increased risk of heart failure. Metformin effectively and safely reduces risk of arrhythmias in diabetes mellitus type 2. Sodium glucose transporter inhibitors and neprilysin inhibitors are promising medications to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, including arrhythmias, in diabetes mellitus type 2.

scholarly journals Features of course and treatment of chronic heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Yu.G. Gorb ◽  
V.I. Strona ◽  
O.V. Tkachenko ◽  
V.V. Ryabukha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
High Degree

The epidemiology of chronic heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, their general pathophysiological mechanisms, the influence of diabetes mellitus type 2 on the course and prognosis of chronic heart failure are considered. The high prevalence of chronic heart failure of all phenotypes among patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and the increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 in patients with chronic heart failure confirm the close relationship and the high degree of comorbidity between these pathological conditions. It is shown that the development and progression of chronic heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 is the formation of diabetic cardiomyopathy, which is characterized by disorders of energy metabolism of cardiomyocytes, mitochondrial dysfunction with subsequent apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. Important links in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure in diabetes mellitus type 2 are also the accession of diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial dysfunction, exposure to atherogenic factors, arterial hypertension, obesity. The features of treatment of chronic heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, the results of randomized clinical studies, the choice of target glycemic levels, the effectiveness of different groups of antihyperglycemic agents, drugs for the treatment of chronic heart failure, as well as their impact on the course and prognosis of chronic heart failure. Keywords: chronic heart failure, diabetes mellitus type 2, course, prognosis, treatment.

Bone quality in diabetes mellitus type 2

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jackuliak ◽  
Zdenko Killinger ◽  
Juraj Payer
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type
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