Tobacco advertising and children: widespread breaches in the voluntary agreement

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Amos ◽  
Graham Robertson ◽  
Alison Hillhouse
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Agreement ◽  
Tobacco Advertising

Survey of tobacco advertising and display of the 'under-16' sign: influencing compliance with the Voluntary Agreement

1996 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Robertson ◽  
Pam Archer ◽  
Wendy Jeffreys ◽  
David Parfitt ◽  
Neil Field
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Agreement ◽  
Tobacco Advertising

Tobacco advertising and children – the impact of the Voluntary Agreement

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Amos ◽  
Alison Hillhouse ◽  
Graham Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Agreement ◽  
Tobacco Advertising ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Voluntary agreement for tobacco advertising at retail premises not being adhered to

BMJ ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 316 (7124) ◽  
pp. 69-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Robertson ◽  
S. E. Rooney ◽  
N. J G Field ◽  
N. R Aston
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Agreement ◽  
Tobacco Advertising

scholarly journals Voluntary agreement on tobacco advertising

BMJ ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 310 (6972) ◽  
pp. 124-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Robertson ◽  
N. J G Field ◽  
C. Bird ◽  
D. E Parfitt
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Agreement ◽  
Tobacco Advertising

scholarly journals Voluntary agreement of tobacco advertising

BMJ ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 310 (6980) ◽  
pp. 662-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Agreement ◽  
Tobacco Advertising

Gender and ethnic differences in tobacco advertising across popular magazines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Shamp ◽  
Jessica L. Barnack-Tavlaris ◽  
Luz M. Garcini ◽  
Jennifer A. Jensen ◽  
Elizabeth A. Klonoff
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Tobacco Advertising ◽  
Popular Magazines

scholarly journals Is Youth Smoking Related to the Density and Proximity of Outdoor Tobacco Advertising Near Schools? Evidence from Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2556
Author(s):  
Sri Handayani ◽  
Enny Rachmani ◽  
Kriswiharsi Kun Saptorini ◽  
Yusthin Merianti Manglapy ◽  
Nurjanah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Youth Smoking ◽  
Neighborhood Schools ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Tobacco Advertising ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Advertising Ban

Background: Smoking was among the top contributors to deaths and disability as the prevalence among male adults remains high, and that among male youth increases in Indonesia. While local studies have shown high visibility of outdoor tobacco advertising around schools, the country still has no outdoor tobacco advertising ban. Objective: To examine the association between youth smoking behavior and measures of outdoor tobacco advertising density and proximity in Indonesia. Methods: We combined two primary data sources, including outdoor tobacco advertising and smoking behavior among male youth in Semarang city. We randomly selected and interviewed 400 male students at 20 high schools in the city. In addition, we interviewed 492 male adults who lived near the schools for comparison. Results: We found significant associations between smoking use among youth (but not among adults) and measures of outdoor tobacco advertising density and proximity in Semarang city. Youth at schools with medium and high density of outdoor tobacco advertising were up to 2.16 times more likely to smoke, compared to those with low density. Similarly, youth at senior high schools with proximity to outdoor tobacco advertising were 2.8 times more likely to smoke. Also, young people at poorer-neighborhood schools with a higher density of and proximity to outdoor tobacco advertising were up to 5.16 times more likely to smoke. Conclusions: There were significant associations between smoking use among male youth (but not among male adults) and measures of outdoor tobacco advertising density and proximity in Indonesia. This highlights the need to introduce an outdoor tobacco advertising ban effectively, at least near schools.

Conservation in the Antarctic

1977 ◽  
Vol 279 (963) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Voluntary Agreement ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Antarctic Seals ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
The Antarctic

Formidable legal and administrative complexities arise from conflicting claims to jurisdiction and the continued absence of generally recognized sovereignty over much of the region. Existing conservation measures fall into three groups: elaborate laws made by governments claiming Antarctic territories, more restricted laws, and simple instructions for particular expeditions. The Antarctic Treaty, 1959, made it possible to begin coordinating all these separate instruments. No claimed jurisdiction has been surrendered or recognized: each government has started to harmonize its own control measures with the ‘Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora’, 1964. This scheme applied only to land areas and has since been evolving in the light of experience. Although not yet formally approved by all the governments concerned, it is working effectively by voluntary agreement. Different approaches are necessary for conservation of Southern Ocean resources, especially krill. A start has been made with the ‘ Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals’, 1972. There are many outstanding problems: all require effective cooperation between scientific and legal advisers, diplomats and politicians. Mention is made of recent British conservation legislation for South Georgia, the Falkland Islands and the Tristan da Cunha group. Some of the next steps are outlined.

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