scholarly journals Assessment of Cognitive-motor Performance Costs, Task Prioritization, and Adaptation to Dishwashing under Increased Demand in Older Women with Arthritis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon T Mejía ◽  
Karen E Nielsen ◽  
Vineet Raichur ◽  
Alicia G Carmichael ◽  
Eugene Tavare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Physical Ability ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Improved Performance

Abstract Background and Objectives Hand arthritis can limit upper-limb instrumental activities of daily living (iADLs) and require the recruitment of additional cognitive and motor resources to support performance. We devised a dual-task protocol for dishwashing to examine cognitive-motor performance costs and prioritizations under increased demands, processes of adaptation, and individual differences in performance costs. Research Design and Methods Sixty women with hand arthritis (age: 60-91) completed a standardized dishwashing protocol. Motor demand was increased via properties of the soap dispenser. Cognitive demand was increased using audial attention and response inhibition tasks. The protocol was completed twice per lab visit on three occasions. Response time and dishwashing time provided measures of cognitive and motor task performance. Prioritization was determined by comparing the magnitude of dual-task cost (DTC) across tasks. Adaptation to the dishwashing protocol and novel dispenser was assessed by change in DTC across lab visits. Individual differences in cognitive and physical ability were assessed with the trail-making B test and gait speed. Results Estimates from linear mixed effects models revealed that response time increased, whereas dishwashing time decreased, during the dual-task study stages. Cognitive-motor prioritization effects were most pronounced among women with lower cognitive and physical ability. Evidence of prioritization and individual differences in DTC diminished across lab visits. Discussion and Implications The pattern of results suggests that older women with arthritis prioritize the motor over cognitive components of dishwashing, a common iADL. Adaptation across lab visits resulted in improved performance, reduced evidence of prioritization, and attenuated differences in DTC across physical and cognitive abilities.

Training Effects on Response Strategies in a Perceptual Motor Task

1985 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 755-758
Author(s):  
Jani Gabriel Byrne ◽  
Nancy S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
Close Inspection ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Early Performance

This study examined the influence of training on individual differences in time-sharing response strategies for a dual-task. Using early performance measures in a dual-task, subjects were classified on Day 1 as performing in either a simultaneous, alternating, or massed fashion. On Day 2, subjects received training instructions to either upgrade or maintain their particular response strategy. The results indicated that training was successful in the majority of the cases. Close inspection of performance revealed that subjects who were not able to achieve simultaneity had learned the dual-task response pattern, but were responding too slowly.

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Different Visual Imagery Perspectives and Narcissism on Motor Performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Roberts ◽  
Nichola Callow ◽  
Lew Hardy ◽  
Tim Woodman ◽  
Laura Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Golf Putting ◽  
Imagery Group ◽  
Narcissistic Personality Inventory ◽  
Dart Throwing ◽  
Improved Performance

Two studies examined the interactive effects of different visual imagery perspectives and narcissism on motor performance. In both studies participants completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-40: Raskin & Hall, 1979) and were assigned to either an internal visual imagery or external visual imagery group. Participants then performed a motor task (dart throwing in Study 1 and golf putting in Study 2) under conditions of practice, low self-enhancement, and high self-enhancement. Following completion of the respective tasks, participants were categorized into high and low narcissistic groups based on their NPI-40 scores. In both studies, high narcissists using external visual imagery significantly improved performance from the low to the high self-enhancement condition, whereas high narcissists using internal visual imagery did not. Low narcissists remained relatively constant in performance across self-enhancement conditions, regardless of perspective. The results highlight the importance of considering personality characteristics when examining the effects of visual imagery perspectives on performance.

scholarly journals Differences in Dual Task Performance After Robotic Upper Extremity Rehabilitation in Hemiplegic Stroke Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuem Ju Lee ◽  
Gyulee Park ◽  
Joon-Ho Shin
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Robotic Rehabilitation ◽  
Task Effects ◽  
Dual Task Performance ◽  
Upper Extremity Rehabilitation ◽  
Task Conditions

Background: Cognitive–motor interference is a phenomenon in which the concomitant performance of cognitive and motor tasks results in poorer performance than the isolated performance of these tasks. We aimed to evaluate changes in dual-task performance after robotic upper extremity rehabilitation in patients with stroke-induced hemiplegia.Methods: This prospective study included patients with left upper limb weakness secondary to middle cerebral artery stroke who visited a rehabilitation hospital. Participants performed a total of 640 robot-assisted planar reaching movements during a therapist-supervised robotic intervention that was conducted five times a week for 4 weeks. Cognitive and motor performance was separately evaluated in single- and dual-task conditions. The digit span test and Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) were used to assess cognitive performance, whereas motor performance was evaluated through kinematic assessment of the motor task.Results: In single-task conditions, motor performance showed significant improvement after robotic rehabilitation, as did the scores of the COWAT subdomains of animal naming (p < 0.001), supermarket item naming (p < 0.06), and phonemes (p < 0.05). In dual-task conditions, all motor task performance variables except mean velocity showed improvement after robotic rehabilitation. The type of cognitive task did not affect the dual-task effect, and there were no significant differences in the dual-task effects of motor, cognitive, or the sum of motor and cognitive performance after robotic rehabilitation.Conclusion: Post-stroke robotic rehabilitation has different effects on motor and cognitive function, with more consistent effects on motor function than on cognitive function. Although motor and cognitive performance improved after robotic rehabilitation, there were no changes in the corresponding dual-task effects.

Perceptual Grouping and High-Order Cognitive Ability

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Brick Larkin ◽  
Daniel D. Kurylo
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Perceptual Grouping ◽  
High Order ◽  
Integrative Function ◽  
Cognitive Components

High-order cognitive functions require the integration of information across functionally related modules. This relationship suggests that cognitive ability is related to the efficiency and processing speed of basic integrative function. In order to examine individual differences for this relationship, we compared standardized tests of intelligence to visual perceptual grouping abilities, which represents a basic process of integration. Sixty participants discriminated perceived grouping of dot patterns based upon similarity in luminance. Psychophysical measurements were made of the functional limits and processing speed of grouping. We assessed cognitive abilities with the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) and found that measures of grouping efficiency as well as speed varied considerably across subjects, indicating substantial individual differences at this relatively early level of visual processing. Faster grouping speed was associated with higher scores on all WASI subtests, whereas grouping ability, when not restricted by time, was associated only with the performance IQ components. These results demonstrate an association between a basic integrative function, in which cognitive and motoric factors were minimized, with measures of high-order cognition, which include both verbal and spatial cognitive components.

Individual Differences and Intra-Individual Variability in Motor Performance under Continuous-Practice Conditions

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Stelmach
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
True Score ◽  
Practice Session ◽  
Massed Practice ◽  
Relative Variability ◽  
Large Muscle

The effect of practice on individual differences, intra-individual variability, and remoteness was studied in performance during eight minutes of continuous practice on a large muscle motor task. Individual differences (true score variance) revealed a slight increase during the practice session, while the intra-individual variability remained relatively unaffected by massed practice. When the improvement in performance was removed by examining the relative variability, both sources of variance increased. The effects of an increasing number of interpolated trials on the inter-trial correlations revealed that with increasing amounts of remoteness, the inter-trial correlations decreased.

Effects of Concurrent Manual Task Performance on Connected Speech Acoustics in Individuals With Parkinson Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 2099-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Whitfield ◽  
Zoe Kriegel ◽  
Adam M. Fullenkamp ◽  
Daryush D. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Speech Acoustics ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Manual Task ◽  
Task Conditions

Purpose Prior investigations suggest that simultaneous performance of more than 1 motor-oriented task may exacerbate speech motor deficits in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the extent to which performing a low-demand manual task affected the connected speech in individuals with and without PD. Method Individuals with PD and neurologically healthy controls performed speech tasks (reading and extemporaneous speech tasks) and an oscillatory manual task (a counterclockwise circle-drawing task) in isolation (single-task condition) and concurrently (dual-task condition). Results Relative to speech task performance, no changes in speech acoustics were observed for either group when the low-demand motor task was performed with the concurrent reading tasks. Speakers with PD exhibited a significant decrease in pause duration between the single-task (speech only) and dual-task conditions for the extemporaneous speech task, whereas control participants did not exhibit changes in any speech production variable between the single- and dual-task conditions. Conclusions Overall, there were little to no changes in speech production when a low-demand oscillatory motor task was performed with concurrent reading. For the extemporaneous task, however, individuals with PD exhibited significant changes when the speech and manual tasks were performed concurrently, a pattern that was not observed for control speakers. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8637008

Cognitive Aging in a Precision Sport Context

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Molander ◽  
Lars Bäckman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adult ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Principal Finding

Highly skilled miniature golf players were examined in a series of field and laboratory studies. The principal finding from these studies is that young and young adult players (range = 15-38 years) score equally well or better in competition than in training whereas older adult players (range = 46-73 years) perform worse in competitive events than under training conditions. It was also found that the impairment in motor performance on the part of the older players is associated with age-related deficits in basic cognitive abilities, such as memory and attention. These results support the hypothesis that older players may be able to compensate for age-related deficits under relaxed conditions, but not under conditions of high arousal. The possibility of improving the performance of the older players in stressful situations by means of various intervention programs is discussed.

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