scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF VARIABILITY WITHIN ELECTROMORPHS OF ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-475
Author(s):  
Martin Kreitman
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Structural Locus ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Allelic Variability ◽  
Allelic Differences

ABSTRACT Ninety-six isochromosomal lines of Drosophila melanogaster from a natural population were screened electrophoretically for unusual mobility variants at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus, using a total of eight conditions of acrylamide electrophoresis. No additional mobility variation was found among the 50 "slow" and 46 "fast" mobility lines beyond that detected by standard methods of electrophoresis. However, two thermostability variants recovered by R. MILKMAN from a natural population, whose electrophoretic mobilities were previously thought to be indistinguishable from those of "standard" alleles, are distinguishable from the standard elcctromorphs by these procedures. These results suggest that the Adhlocus, although polymorphic, does not harbor substantial amounts of "hidden" allelic variability. This study also reports the appearance of substantial mobility variation among isogenic lines that can be induced under specific conditions of sample preparation involving the pretreatment of samples with NAD and acetone. However, genetic analysis demonstrates that this variability cannot be attributed to allelic differences at the structural locus, but instead appears to be dependent upon the concentration of the enzyme in a sample. These results are discussed in relation to the distribution of allelic variation at other enzyme loci.

scholarly journals GENETIC ANALYSIS OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER IN JAPAN. II. THE MEASUREMENT OF FITNESS AND FITNESS COMPONENTS IN HOMOZYGOUS LINES

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuneyuki Yamazaki ◽  
Yasuko Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Genetic Structures

ABSTRACT Fifty lethal-free, sterility-free isogenic lines of Drosophila melanogaster that were randomly sampled from a natural population were tested for net fitness and other components of fitness by competition with D. hydei. Larval viability and developmental time were also measured using the balanced marker method. Distribution patterns of these fitness components were similar, but correlation between the fitness components varied depending on the combinations used. The highest correlations were obtained between net fitness and productivity (rp = 0.6987, rg = 0.9269). The correlation between net fitness and total larval viability was much lower (rp = 0.1473 and rg = 0.2171). These results indicate that measuring net fitness, not just a component of fitness, is necessary for the good understanding of the genetic structures of natural populations.

scholarly journals Persistence of an alcohol dehydrogenase thermostable variant in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster

1986 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hernández ◽  
G. Padrón ◽  
V. M. Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Canary Islands

SUMMARYA temporal survey of the alcohol dehydrogenase locus in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster from the Canary Islands has revealed the existence of an electrophoretic Fast thermostable variant, mapped within 0.8 units of the structural Adh locus, and which persists over a 6-year period with a frequency ranging from 0.8 to 0.5%.

scholarly journals GENETIC ANALYSIS OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER IN JAPAN. III. GENETIC VARIABILITY OF INDUCING FACTORS OF AMYLASE AND FITNESS

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-235
Author(s):  
Tsuneyuki Yamazaki ◽  
Yoshinori Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Normal Medium ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Inducing Factors

ABSTRACT "Inducibility" of amylase in Drosophila melanogaster was defined and investigated in a natural population from Japan. Inducibility represents the effects of factors remote from the structural gene that control the amount of enzyme produced. Inducibility of an isogenic line is measured as the ratio of the enzyme's specific activity in two different inducing environments. There was considerable genetic variability with respect to inducibility of amylase in 44 isogenic lines derived from a natural population of D. melanogaster . Net fitness and its components in these isogenic lines were also measured. The results indicated that, although the inducibility of the enzyme was positively correlated with the net fitness (rg = 0.63 ± 0.2), the enzyme activities in the normal medium were not (rg = 0.12 ± 0.37). The analysis of the data shows that the differences in inducing factors are mainly responsible for the differences in the fitness of lines and are the genetic materials for the adaptive evolution of organisms.

HIDDEN ELECTROPHORETIC VARIATION AT THE XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE LOCUS IN A NATURAL POPULATION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-315
Author(s):  
Barbara Ann Buchanan ◽  
Diana L E Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Structural Variation ◽  
Xanthine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Drosophila Species ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
Structural Locus

ABSTRACT Sixty-two isochromosomal lines of D. melanogaster were screened for cryptic electrophoretic variation at the xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) locus. Sequential polyacrylamide vertical slab gel electrophoresis was performed using four electrophoretic criteria. A total of 15 classes of electromorphs were revealed. D. melanogaster appears to exhibit as much polymorphism at this locus as other extensively studied Drosophila species.—No evidence for loci on the X or second chromosomes which modified XDH mobility was found. Six of the electromorphs were mapped to the Xdh (ry) structural locus. Eight of the remaining nine classes exhibited mobility variation consistent with structural variation at the Xdh locus. The final class exhibited aberrant patterns and is under further study.

An alcohol dehydrogenase in the mosquito Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (Dipt., Culicidae)

1973 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Sakai ◽  
M. Perwaiz Iqbal ◽  
Richard H. Baker ◽  
Muhammad K. Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Primary Alcohol ◽  
Enzyme Polymorphism ◽  
Electrophoretic Variants ◽  
Culex Tritaeniorhynchus ◽  
Group Iii

AbstractA survey of alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) in Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles has uncovered five electrophoretic variants among laboratory strains. Detailed genetic analysis revealed that these variants are inherited as codominant alleles at a single locus. The Adh locus has been assigned to linkage group III between s and cl. A survey of a natural population from Lahore, Pakistan, revealed the presence of four of the five variants and suggests the possibility of using this enzyme polymorphism to monitor a release programme. Substrate specificity tests suggest that this enzyme can utilize almost any aliphatic primary alcohol as a substrate.

Genetic Analysis of Chinese Cucumber Collections in the U.S. National Germplasm Collection

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 534e-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Staub ◽  
Felix Sequen ◽  
Tom Horejsi ◽  
Jin Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
National Plant Germplasm System ◽  
The U.S

Genetic variation in cucumber accessions from China was assessed by examining variation at 21 polymorphic isozyme loci. Principal component analysis of allelic variation allowed for the depiction of two distinct groupings of Chinese accessions collected in 1994 and 1996 (67 accessions). Six isozyme loci (Gpi, Gr, Mdh-2, Mpi-2, Pep-gl, and Pep-la) were important in elucidating these major groups. These groupings were different from a single grouping of Chinese 146 accessions acquired before 1994. Allelic variation in Chinese accessions allowed for comparisons with other accessions in the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (U.S. NPGS) collection grouped by continent and sub-continent. When Chinese accessions taken collectively were compared with an array of 853 C. sativus U.S. NPGS accessions examined previously, relationships differed between accessions grouped by country or subcontinent. Data indicate that acquisition of additional Chinese and Indian cucumber accessions would be strategically important for increasing genetic diversity in the U.S. NPGS cucumber collection.

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