scholarly journals A GENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE, NORMAL-WINGED ALLELES OF THE RUDIMENTARY LOCUS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-777
Author(s):  
Darrel R Falk ◽  
Gary McCaughin ◽  
Thomas Cogley
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Aspartate Transcarbamylase ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Pyrimidine Synthesis ◽  
Leaky Mutants

ABSTRACT The genetic and biochemical characteristics of a particular class of mutants at the rudimentary locus are described. The mutants are pyrimidine auxotrophs, like classical rudimentary alleles, but they are unique in that they do not alter the size or shape of the wing (Falk and Nash 1974b). Aspartate transcarbamylase and dihydroorotase activities have been measured in seven different normal-winged mutants, and the results indicate that these strains are enzymologically "leaky" mutants. Previous studies have shown that three genetic functions (corresponding to the first three enzymes of pyrimidine synthesis) are associated with the rudimentary locus. Four of the seven mutants appear to affect all three of these functions. Each of the four is temperature sensitive, and a biochemical analysis of the temperature sensitivity of one of these mutants, (r)pyr1-3, suggests that a process affecting the synthesis or assembly of these enzymes is altered at high temperatures.

scholarly journals Decreased Temperature Sensitivity of Vestigial Gene Expression in Temperate Populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Voigt ◽  
Erpf ◽  
Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Temperate Climates

Drosophila melanogaster recently spread from its tropical origin in Africa and became a cosmopolitan species that has adapted to a wide range of different thermal environments, including temperate climates. An important limiting factor of temperate climates has probably been their low and varying temperatures. The transcriptional output of genes can vary across temperatures, which might have been detrimental while settling in temperate environments. The reduction of temperature-sensitive expression of functionally important genes to ensure consistent levels of gene expression might have been relevant while adapting to such environments. In this study, we focus on the gene vestigial (vg) whose product is a key factor in wing development. We provide evidence that temperature-sensitivity of vg has been buffered in populations from temperate climates. We investigated temperature-sensitivity of vg gene expression in six natural populations, including four temperate populations (three from Europe and one from high-altitude Africa), and two tropical populations from the ancestral species range. All temperate populations exhibited a lower degree of temperature-induced expression plasticity than the tropical populations.

INVITATION PAPER: BEHAVIOR IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER A GENETICIST'S VIEW

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sodium Channel ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Neuronal System ◽  
Neurological Development ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Induced Changes

In screening Drosophila melanogaster for mutations which cause paralysis at 29cC and recovery of mobility at 22cC, 11 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants were detected among 1.35 × 106 flies screened. These mutations fell into 3 loci, paralytic (parats), shibire (shits) and stoned (stnts). All three loci affect neurological development. The best explanation for parats appears to be an effect on the inhibitory neuronal system. The shi alleles affect an array of developmental events from early embryos to adults. The pattern of heat-induced changes in shits1 electroretinograms (ERG) is consistent with a ts membranal defect. This is supported by a ts resistance of shits flies to tetrodotoxin which specifically blocks the sodium channel of nerves.The final locus, stn, causes sensitivity to the trauma of temperature changes. A jump response observed when a light is turned off is related to a large "offtransient" in ERGs which is correlated with a simultaneous muscle spike. The property of temperature-sensitivity allows greater analytic powers in the study of neurological mutants.

scholarly journals Improving the Phenotypic Properties of the Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Temperature-Sensitive Lethal Genetic Sexing Strain in Support of Sterile Insect Technique Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2688-2694
Author(s):  
Mitzy F Porras ◽  
Jose S Meza ◽  
Edwin G Rajotte ◽  
Kostas Bourtzis ◽  
Carlos Cáceres
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Genetic Sexing ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Genetic Sexing Strain

Abstract The genetic sexing strain (GSS) of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)) Vienna 8D53− is based on a male-linked translocation system and uses two selectable markers for male-only production, the white pupae (wp) and the temperature sensitivity lethal (tsl) genes. In this GSS, males emerge from brown pupae and are resistant to high temperatures while females emerge from white pupae, are sensitive to high temperatures. However, double homozygous females (wp tsl/wp tsl) exhibit a slower development rate compared to heterozygous males (wp+tsl+/wp tsl) during the larval stage, which was attributed to the pleiotropic effects of the tsl gene. We present the first evidence that this slower development is due to a different gene, here namely slow development (sd), which is closely linked to the tsl gene. Taking advantage of recombination phenomena between the two loci, we report the isolation of a novel temperature sensitivity lethal strain using the wp mutation as a morphological marker, which showed faster development (wp tsl FD) during the larval stage and increased in its temperature sensitivity compared with the normal tsl strain. Moreover, the introgression of this novel wp tsl FD combined trait into the Vienna 8D53− GSS, resulted in a novel Vienna 8D53− FD GSS, where females showed differences in the thermal sensibility, larval development speed, and productivity profiles. The modification of these traits and their impact on the mass rearing of the GSS for sterile insect technique applications are discussed.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF AN AUTOSOMAL RUDIMENTARY-SHAPED WING MUTATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER THAT AFFECTS PYRIMIDINE SYNTHESIS

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-478
Author(s):  
Donna M Lastowski ◽  
D R Falk
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Aspartate Transcarbamylase ◽  
Ems Mutagenesis ◽  
Carbamyl Phosphate Synthetase ◽  
Pyrimidine Synthesis ◽  
Complex Locus ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT A new autosomal mutation, rudimental (ral), which causes rudimentary-shaped wings in Drosophila melanogaster, has been isolated following ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. The wing phenotype of rudimental is identical to that of the X-linked rudimentary (r) mutation, which affects the first three enzymes in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. The autosomal mutant maps very close to ebony (3—70.7) at 70.42 on the right arm of chromosome 3. Analysis of the enzyme activities of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRTase) and orotidylate decarboxylase (ODCase) indicates that the rala26a allele has less than wild-type activity for both enzymes. This result is discussed in light of the fact that the OPRTase and ODCase activities are part of an enzyme complex, as are the carbamyl phosphate synthetase (CPSase), aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) and dihydroorotase (DHOase) activities, which are encoded by the complex rudimentary locus. We suggest that rudimental is also a complex locus.

scholarly journals A genetic analysis of hermaphrodite, a pleiotropic sex determination gene in Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-207
Author(s):  
M A Pultz ◽  
G S Carson ◽  
B S Baker
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Partial Loss ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Regulatory Cascade

Abstract Sex determination in Drosophila is controlled by a cascade of regulatory genes. Here we describe hermaphrodite (her), a new component of this regulatory cascade with pleiotropic zygotic and maternal functions. Zygotically, her+ function is required for female sexual differentiation: when zygotic her+ function is lacking, females are transformed to intersexes. Zygotic her+ function may also play a role in male sexual differentiation. Maternally, her+ function is needed to ensure the viability of female progeny: a partial loss of her+ function preferentially kills daughters. In addition, her has both zygotic and maternal functions required for viability in both sexes. Temperature sensitivity prevails for all known her alleles and for all of the her phenotypes described above, suggesting that her may participate in an intrinsically temperature-sensitive process. This analysis of four her alleles also indicates that the zygotic and maternal components of of her function are differentially mutable. We have localized her cytologically to 36A3-36A11.

TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MUTATIONS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.: II. FREQUENCY AMONG SECOND CHROMOSOME RECESSIVE LETHALS INDUCED BY ETHYL METHANESULFONATE

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Baillie ◽  
David T. Suzuki ◽  
Mary Tarasoff
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Ethyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Recessive Lethal

Recessive lethal and semilethal mutations induced in chromosome 2 by ethyl methanesulfonate were screened for temperature-sensitivity. Mutants which survive at 17 °C but die at 29° were recovered. At 0.005M EMS, 37.5% of the treated chromosomes were found to be lethal or semilethal from which it is estimated that 10.9% of all EMS-induced lethals are ts. This class of conditional lethals promises to be a useful tool in genetic studies.

TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MUTATIONS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: XX. LETHALITY DUE TO TRANSLOCATIONS

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Kaufman ◽  
David T. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
New Type ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
Developmental Analysis ◽  
Ts Mutations

In a group of 10 γ-ray-induced temperature-sensitive (ts) lethal mutations on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster, three were found to inhibit crossing over on this element. Subsequent studies showed that these three ts lethal mutations are associated with X [Formula: see text] autosome translocations. Developmental analysis has revealed that the patterns of temperature-sensitivity and lethality are similar to those found in other ts mutations. One of the mutations (T(X;2)X9ts) is unique, however, in that only males exhibit temperature-sensitive lethality while homozygous females are unaffected by a change in temperature. It is proposed that these three mutations may be exhibiting some new type of "position effect".

scholarly journals Suppression of temperature-sensitivity of a dnaA46 mutant by excessive DNA supercoiling

2000 ◽  
Vol 348 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taemi KONDO ◽  
Shinji MIMA ◽  
Nobuko FUKUMA ◽  
Kasuhisa SEKIMIZU ◽  
Tomofusa TSUCHIYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Dna Supercoiling ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Template Dna ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

We report here that the high-temperature sensitivity of a dnaA46 mutant was suppressed by addition of high concentrations of NaCl into the culture medium. This suppression was also observed with other high-temperature-sensitive dnaA mutants, except dnaA167 and dnaA508 mutants, which have mutations in the N-terminal region of DnaA protein. Since high concentrations of NaCl in the medium increased negative DNA supercoiling in a dnaA46 mutant, we hypothesized that the increase in DNA supercoiling is involved in the suppression of the temperature-sensitivity of the dnaA46 mutant by high concentrations of NaCl. This hypothesis was supported by in vitro and in vivo results as follows. A low DNA replication activity of purified DnaA46 protein at high temperatures was increased in line with an increase in DNA supercoiling of template DNA. The dnaA46 mutant showed higher sensitivity to nalidixic acid, a DNA-relaxing drug, than did the wild-type cells under the conditions of high temperatures and high concentrations of NaCl.

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