scholarly journals A CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE ACTIVITIES IN DROSOPHILA

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-622
Author(s):  
John A Kiger ◽  
Eric Golanty
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Cyclic Nucleotide ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Activity ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Camp Phosphodiesterase ◽  
Cgmp Phosphodiesterase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Segmental Aneuploidy

ABSTRACT The genome of Drosophila melanogaster has been surveyed for chromosomal regions which exert a dosage effect on the activities of cAMP phosphodiesterase or cGMP phosphodiesterase. Two regions increase cAMP phosphodiesterase activity when present as duplications. A region of the X chromosome increases cAMP phosphodiesterase activity when duplicated and decreases that activity when deficient. This region has been delimited to chromomeres 3D3 and 3D4, with 3D4 being the most probable locus, and may contain a structural gene for cAMP phosphodiesterase. A region on the third chromosome, 90E-91B, increase cAMP phosphodiesterase activity when duplicated but has no affect on the activity when deficient. Two regions increase cGMP phosphodiesterase activity when present as duplications. A region of the X chromosome, 5D-9C, increases cGMP phosphodiesterase activity when duplicated, but smaller duplications covering this region fail to show such an increase, indicating that a single locus is not responsible for the increase observed for the larger duplication. A region of the third chromosome, 88C-91B, also increases cGMP phosphodiesterase activity when duplicated. Smaller duplications covering this region show smaller increases than that observed for the larger duplication, suggesting that at least three loci between 88C and 91B contribute to the observed increase by that region. Deficiencies covering region 88C-91B do not affect cGMP phosphodiesterase activity. No locus for a presumptive structural gene for cGMP phosphodiesterase has been found. Limitations of the use of segmental aneuploidy in locating structural genes for enzymes are discussed.

scholarly journals Studies of esterase 6 in Drosophila melanogaster: XIV. Variation of esterase 6 levels controlled by unlinked genes in natural populations

1984 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Tepper ◽  
Anne L. Terry ◽  
James E. Holmes ◽  
Rollin C. Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Regulatory Locus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Esterase 6 ◽  
Activity Modifiers

SUMMARYThe esterase 6 (Est-6) locus in Drosophila melanogaster is located on the third chromosome and is the structural gene for a carboxylesterase (E.C.3.1.1.1) and is polymorphic for two major electromorphs (slow and fast). Isogenic lines containing X chromosomes extracted from natural populations and substituted into a common genetic background were used to detect unlinked factors that affect the activity of the Est-6 locus. Twofold activity differences of esterase 6 (EST 6) were found among males from these derived lines, which differ only in their X chromosome. These unlinked activity modifiers identify possible regulatory elements. Immunoelectrophoresis was used to estimate quantitatively the levels of specific cross-reacting material in the derived lines. The results show that the variation in activity is due to differences in the amount of EST 6 present. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that there is at least one locus on the X chromosome that regulates the synthesis of EST 6 and that this regulatory locus may be polymorphic in natural populations.

scholarly journals SEGMENTAL ANEUPLOIDY AND ENZYME ACTIVITY AS A METHOD FOR CYTOGENETIC LOCALIZATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309
Author(s):  
Barbara R Stewart ◽  
John R Merriam
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Segmental Aneuploidy ◽  
Cytological Localization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chromosome Bands

ABSTRACT A method of mapping genes which specify enzymes without the necessity of obtaining genetic variants has been explored. Three enzymes whose structural genes have known genetic positions were chosen to see if the relationship between gene dosage and enzyme activity could be used as a tool in cytological localization. Zw, the gene specifying G6PD, is located in the X chromosome region, 18D-18F. The structural gene for 6PGD, Pgd, maps in the X chromosome bands 2C1-2E1. Idh-NADP, the gene which specifies IDH-NADP, is found on the third chromosome, in bands 66B-67C.

scholarly journals GENETICS OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-535
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C Hall ◽  
Douglas R Kankel
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Deletion Mapping ◽  
Structural Locus ◽  
Heterozygous Condition ◽  
Small Segment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Segmental Aneuploidy

ABSTRACT Genes in Drosophila melanogaster that control acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were searched for by segmental aneuploidy techniques. Homogenates of flies containing duplications or deletions for different segments were assayed for enzyme activity. A region on the third chromosome was found for which flies having one does consistently gave lower AChE activity than euploid flies, which were in turn had lower activity than flies with three doses. The activity differences were in the approximate ratio 1:2:3. Fine structure deletion mapping within this region revealed a very small segment for which one-dose flies have approximately half-normal activity. To obtain putative AchE-null mutations, lethal mutations within this region were assayed. Four allelic lethals have approximately half-normal activity in heterozygous condition. These lethals probably define the structural locus (symbol: Ace) for AChE.

scholarly journals Interactions and developmental effects of mutations in the Broad-Complex of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-259
Author(s):  
I Kiss ◽  
A H Beaton ◽  
J Tardiff ◽  
D Fristrom ◽  
J W Fristrom
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Imaginal Discs ◽  
Functional Domains ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
Broad Complex

Abstract The 2B5 region on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster forms an early ecdysone puff at the end of the third larval instar. The region contains a complex genetic locus, the Broad-Complex (BR-C) composed of four groups of fully complementing (br, rbp, l(1)2Bc, and l(1)2Bd) alleles, and classes of noncomplementing (npr 1) and partially noncomplementing l(1)2Bab alleles. BR-C mutants prevent metamorphosis, including the morphogenesis of imaginal discs. Results are presented that indicate that the BR-C contains two major functional domains. One, the br domain is primarily, if not exclusively, involved in the elongation and eversion of appendages by imaginal discs. The second, the l(1)2Bc domain, is primarily involved in the fusion of discs to form a continuous adult epidermis. Nonetheless, the two domains may encode products with related functions because in some situations mutants in both domains appear to affect similar developmental processes.

scholarly journals LACK OF DOSAGE COMPENSATION FOR AN AUTOSOMAL GENE RELOCATED TO THE X CHROMOSOME IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-496
Author(s):  
Richard L Roehrdanz ◽  
James M Kitchens ◽  
John C Lucchesi
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Dosage Compensation ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Autosomal Gene

ABSTRACT Aldehyde oxidase activity has been measured in flies with the structural gene for this enzyme translocated to the X chromosome. These measurements are presented as experimental evidence that, in Drosophila melanogaster, an autosomal gene relocated to the X chromosome is not dosage compensated.

Requirements for autosomal gene activity during precellular stages of Drosophila melanogaster

Development ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.T. Merrill ◽  
D. Sweeton ◽  
E. Wieschaus
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Gene Activity ◽  
Autosomal Gene ◽  
The Third ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Morphological Defects ◽  
Zygotic Gene

To identify early requirements for zygotic gene activity in Drosophila, we used compound autosomes and autosome-Y translocations to generate embryos deficient for cytologically defined portions of the genome. No obvious gross morphological defects were observed in any deficiency class until the beginning of cycle 14. Only seven autosomal regions were identified with discrete effects visible prior to the onset of gastrulation. These regions include genes with locus-specific effects on the clearing of the cortical cytoplasm during early cycle 14, (22AB), the initiation of the slow and fast phases of cellularization (26BF and 40AC, respectively), the apical-basal distribution of nuclei during cycle 14 (71C-75C) and the closing off of furrow canals during cellularization (100AC). The distal tip of the third chromosome also contains two loci (99DF and 100AC) whose deletion causes multiple nuclei to be cellularized into single cells, a phenotype similar to that produced in embryos totally lacking the X-chromosome.

MALELESS, A RECESSIVE AUTOSOMAL MUTANT OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER THAT SPECIFICALLY KILLS MALE ZYGOTES

Genetics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Akihiro Fukunaga ◽  
Atsumi Tanaka ◽  
Kugao Oishi
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Lethal Gene ◽  
Homozygous Condition ◽  
The Third ◽  
Male Specific Lethal ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Transforming Genes

ABSTRACT A second chromosome male-specific lethal gene, maleless (mle), in D. melanogaster is described. It kills males but not females in homozygous condition, regardless of whether female parents are heterozygous or homozygous for mle. Many, if not most, homozygous males survive up to the third instar larval stage, but cannot pupate and die eventually as larvae. No interactions with sex-transforming genes, tra and dsx, were observed. It is proposed that mle interacts with a gene(s) on the X chromosome, which is not dosage compensated.

scholarly journals TEMPORAL VARIATION FOR THE EXPRESSION OF CATALASE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: CORRELATIONS BETWEEN RATES OF ENZYME SYNTHESIS AND LEVELS OF TRANSLATABLE CATALASE-MESSENGER RNA

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-938
Author(s):  
Glenn C Bewley ◽  
William J Mackay ◽  
Julia L Cook
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Segmental Aneuploidy

ABSTRACT Two variants that alter the temporal expression of catalase have been isolated from a set of third chromosome substitution lines. Each variant has been mapped to a cytogenetic interval flanked by the visible markers st (3-44.0) and cu (3-50.0) at a map position of 47.0, which is within or near the interval 75D-76A previously identified as containing the catalase structural gene on the bases of dosage responses to segmental aneuploidy. Each variant operates by modulating the rate of enzyme synthesis and the level of translatable catalase-mRNA.

scholarly journals Suppression of a lethal trisomic phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster by increased dosage of an unlinked locus.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R Dorer ◽  
M A Cadden ◽  
B Gordesky-Gold ◽  
G Harries ◽  
A C Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Dosage Effect ◽  
Gene Dosage Effect ◽  
Unlinked Locus ◽  
Lethal Phenotype ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dosage Sensitivity

Abstract One of the most extreme examples of gene dosage sensitivity is the Triplo-lethal locus (Tpl) on the third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster, which is lethal when present in either one or three copies. Increased dosage of an unlinked locus, Isis, suppresses the triplo-lethal phenotype of Tpl, but not the haplo-lethal phenotype. We have mapped Isis to the X chromosome region 7E3-8A5, and shown that the suppression is a gene dosage effect. Altered dosage of Isis in the presence of two copies of Tpl has no obvious effects. By examining the interactions between Isis dosage and Tpl we suggest that Isis does not directly repress Tpl expression, but acts downstream on the triplo-lethal phenotype of Tpl.

scholarly journals DOSAGE COMPENSATION IN DROSOPHILA: NADP-ENZYME ACTIVITIES AND CROSS-REACTING MATERIAL

Genetics ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-658
Author(s):  
John H Williamson ◽  
Michael M Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Dosage Compensation ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
G6pd Activity ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Malic Enzyme Activity

ABSTRACT The relationships between gene dosage, enzyme activities and CRM levels have been determined for G6PD and 6PGD. Enzyme activities and CRM levels were directly proportional and increased in genotypes carrying duplications of the respective structural genes. When a duplication consisting of the distal 45% of the X chromosome was used to duplicate Pgd  +, 6PGD activity and CRM increased and G6PD activity decreased. When the proximal 55% of the X chromosome was duplicated, G6PD activity and CRM increased whereas 6PGD activity and CRM levels decreased. These observations support the model of dosage compensation of X-linked genes that invokes an autosomal activator in limited concentrations for which X-linked loci compete. The distal 45% of the X chromosome, when duplicated, caused a significant increase in NADP-malic enzyme activity and CRM levels, as if a structural gene for NADP-ME is sex-linked.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document