scholarly journals GENETIC CONTROL OF QUANTITATIVE VARIATION IN SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY PROTEINS DETECTED BY IMMUNODIFFUSION

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
M E Nasrallah
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Dosage Effects ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
S Proteins

ABSTRACT Single radial immunodiffusion was used to study the self-incompatibility (S) proteins present in stigmas of two inbred lines of Brassica oleracea: a self-incompatible line and a self-compatible mutant derived from it. The genetic basis of observed quantitative differences in S proteins between the two inbreds was shown to be determined by a single gene with dosage effects. Self-pollination of individual plants with high, intermediate and low levels of S protein in the stigmas, respectively, resulted in low, intermediate and high seed set.

scholarly journals Identification of a BTV-Strain-Specific Single Gene That Increases Culicoides Vector Infection Rate

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1781
Author(s):  
Honorata M. Ropiak ◽  
Simon King ◽  
Marc Guimerà Busquets ◽  
Kerry Newbrook ◽  
Gillian D. Pullinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Field Strain ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Culicoides Vectors ◽  
Virus Strains

Since the 2000s, the distribution of bluetongue virus (BTV) has changed, leading to numerous epidemics and economic losses in Europe. Previously, we found a BTV-4 field strain with a higher infection rate of a Culicoides vector than a BTV-1 field strain has. We reverse-engineered parental BTV-1 and BTV-4 strains and created BTV-1/BTV-4 reassortants to elucidate the influence of individual BTV segments on BTV replication in both C. sonorensis midges and in KC cells. Substitution of segment 2 (Seg-2) with Seg-2 from the rBTV-4 significantly increased vector infection rate in reassortant BTV-14S2 (30.4%) in comparison to reverse-engineered rBTV-1 (1.0%). Replacement of Seg-2, Seg-6 and Seg-7 with those from rBTV-1 in reassortant BTV-41S2S6S7 (2.9%) decreased vector infection rate in comparison to rBTV-4 (30.2%). However, triple-reassorted BTV-14S2S6S7 only replicated to comparatively low levels (3.0%), despite containing Seg-2, Seg-6 and Seg-7 from rBTV-4, indicating that vector infection rate is influenced by interactions of multiple segments and/or host-mediated amino acid substitutions within segments. Overall, these results demonstrated that we could utilize reverse-engineered viruses to identify the genetic basis influencing BTV replication within Culicoides vectors. However, BTV replication dynamics in KC cells were not suitable for predicting the replication ability of these virus strains in Culicoides midges.

Genetic modifications of dimorphic incompatibility in the Turnera ulmifolia L. complex (Turneraceae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 796-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Shore ◽  
S. C. H. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Tetraploid Population ◽  
Polygenic Control ◽  
Genetic Modifications ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Turnera Ulmifolia ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Selection For

Diploid and tetraploid populations of Turnera ulmifolia are distylous and exhibit a strong self-incompatibility system. Distyly is governed by a single locus with two alleles. Several self-compatible variants were, however, obtained and the nature and genetic control of self-compatibility was assessed using controlled crosses. The study documented the occurrence of self-compatible variants in four contrasting situations. These included the following. (i) Self-compatibility in a diploid short-styled variant. The gene(s) governing self-compatibility interact with the distyly locus and are expressed only in short-styled plants. When tetraploids carrying the genes were synthesized, self-incompatibility reappeared. (ii) Self-compatibility occurred in a cross between geographically separate diploid populations. Self-compatibility appeared sporadically in the F1. Crosses revealed that self-compatibility is likely under polygenic control. (iii) Low levels of self-compatibility occurred in a tetraploid population. Crosses revealed that self-compatibility was under polygenic control. A small response to selection for increased self-compatibility was observed, (iv) Hexaploids were synthesized from crosses between distylous diploids and tetraploids. All hexaploids obtained were long- or short-styled indicating that hexaploidy per se does not cause homostyly. A single long-styled plant showed aberrant pollen behaviour, resulting in a moderate degree of self-compatibility. All of the variants studied exhibited either aberrant pollen or stylar incompatibility responses. In no instance was the genetic control of self-compatibility solely the result of segregation at the distyly locus.Key words: Turnera, dimorphic incompatibility, polyploidy, self-compatibility, distyly.

scholarly journals 468 Inheritance of Day Neutrality and Heat-delay Insensitivity in Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelv.

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 474E-474
Author(s):  
Neil O. Anderson ◽  
Peter D. Ascher
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Greenhouse and garden chrysanthemums are quantitative short-day (SD) plants for flower bud initiation (FBI) and qualitative (obligate) SD plants for flower bud development (FBD). Continuous or intermittent application of red light in the middle of the dark period (night), inhibits FBI. The chrysanthemum breeding program has been selecting for day-neutral (DN) types, i.e. that will undergo FBI and FBD under any photoperiod. The inheritance of DN was studied using six cultivars (n = 2 SD types, n = 4 DN types) that were crossed in a complete diallel over two crossing periods. Pollinations were replicated and ovules were counted. Histograms of self and cross seed set showed a distribution from 0% to 100%, with the majority of pollinations below 30%. Mean self seed set (2.6%) was less than the mean cross seed set (32.8%), indicating the presence of a self incompatibility system. Parents and F1 progeny were grown under LD conditions (red light, night interruption, 2200-0200 HR) and high temperatures (30 °C day/25 °C night, to screen for heat delay insensitivity). F2 progeny could not be generated due to self incompatibility. The fraction of flowering: non-flowering progeny and the number of days to first flower was recorded on the flowering individuals for comparison with the parents. Due to small progeny numbers, reciprocal crosses were bulked prior to Chi-square tests (1:1, 3:1, 1:3). The number of days to first flower ranged from 27 to 93+ in all progeny with significantly earlier and later outliers present. Most Chi-square tests were not significant, indicating that the inheritance of DN and heat delay insensitivity are not controlled by a single gene. Additive and epistatic effects may also be present.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Common S Haplotype BnS-6 in the Self-Incompatibility of Brassica napus

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2186
Author(s):  
Zhiquan Liu ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Changbin Gao ◽  
Bin Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Locus ◽  
S Haplotype ◽  
Self Compatibility

Self-incompatibility (SI) is a pollen-stigma recognition system controlled by a single and highly polymorphic genetic locus known as the S-locus. The S-locus exists in all Brassica napus (B. napus, AACC), but natural B. napus accessions are self-compatible. About 100 and 50 S haplotypes exist in Brassica rapa (AA) and Brassica oleracea (CC), respectively. However, S haplotypes have not been detected in B. napus populations. In this study, we detected the S haplotype distribution in B. napus and ascertained the function of a common S haplotype BnS-6 through genetic transformation. BnS-1/BnS-6 and BnS-7/BnS-6 were the main S haplotypes in 523 B. napus cultivars and inbred lines. The expression of SRK in different S haplotypes was normal (the expression of SCR in the A subgenome affected the SI phenotype) while the expression of BnSCR-6 in the C subgenome had no correlation with the SI phenotype in B. napus. The BnSCR-6 protein in BnSCR-6 overexpressed lines was functional, but the self-compatibility of overexpressed lines did not change. The low expression of BnSCR-6 could be a reason for the inactivation of BnS-6 in the SI response of B. napus. This study lays a foundation for research on the self-compatibility mechanism and the SI-related breeding in B. napus.

scholarly journals Self-incompatibility in Echinacea purpurea

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1350-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren C. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Seed Parent ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Si Model ◽  
Successive Generations

Progenies derived from self-pollination and parent–offspring backcrosses of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench accession PI 631307 revealed that a sporophytic self-incompatibility (SI) system was operating in this germplasm. Offspring of progenies from the original accession were self-incompatible, but most self-pollinations resulted in some self-seed set. One seedling from such a self-pollination was reciprocally crosscompatible with its parent, proving that a sporophytic SI system was operational. The F3BC1 progeny could be classified into two offspring groups. The first group of two seedlings was reciprocally compatible with its seed parent but reciprocally incompatible with its pollen parent based on stigma collapse of the seed parent florets 2 to 4 days after pollination. The second offspring group of three seedlings was reciprocally incompatible with its seed parent but reciprocally compatible with its pollen parent. Seed set data were in agreement with classification by stigma collapse in seven of 10 backcrosses, including in several reciprocally compatible backcrosses that provided further proof of a sporophytic SI system. Additionally, a χ2 test showed that the data fit a sporophytic SI model with S allele dominance operating in pollen and pistil. Assuming that S allele dominance is widespread within Echinacea purpurea, it should be possible to produce inbred lines by making successive generations of full-sib crosses.

Pollination studies with highly-inbred lines of winter beans (Vicia faba L.)

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Toynbee-Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Flower Pollination ◽  
Mature Flower ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Using Data

SummaryPollination treatments were carried out on highly inbred lines of winter beans over a period of four years.Tripping produced an inferior seed-set compared with all treatments involving emasculation and hand pollination with either cross or self-pollen. It is suggested that with highly inbred lines the stigmatic surface requires some form of scarification to improve the seed-set. Most lines showed no preference for cross or self-pollen, and there was no evidence of self-incompatibility. Bud and mature flower pollination gave an improved seed-set over tripping in all lines.One inbred line gave a high seed-set in all pollination treatments. Results from another line were consistent with a short period of ovule receptiveness.Using data obtained from three experiments, two self-pollination treatments were used to screen breeding lines for their suitability as components of synthetic varieties. Significant differences in seed-set were found between the lines.

Characterization of self-incompatibility in Campanula rapunculoides (Campanulaceae) through genetic analyses and microscopy

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Good-Avila ◽  
D. Majumder ◽  
H. Amos ◽  
A. G. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
The Family

In this paper, we seek to identify the genetic basis of self-incompatibility (SI) in Campanula rapunculoides L. through diallel analysis of full siblings; to characterize the growth of pollen tubes in vivo after incompatible and compatible pollination; and to determine whether the SI system is based on pistil S-RNases. Pollinations were performed among individuals from five diallel crosses and scored for both fruit set and pollen-tube growth to determine the genetic basis of SI. On a subset of these individuals with known cross-(in)compatibility relationships, additional crosses were performed and pistils collected 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after pollination to assess both the percentage of pollen grains that had germinated on the stigma, and the number of pollen tubes that had grown 20%, 40% 60%, 80%, and 100% of the distance down the pistil over five time intervals. Finally, total pistillate proteins were extracted and subjected to isoelectric focusing and RNase activity staining to find evidence of a highly basic S-RNases associated with SI in the Solanaceae. We found evidence that the SI system was based on the haplotype of the male gametophyte, and was not sporophytic. Protein analyses showed that SI was not based on a pistillate S-RNase. The existence of modifiers of SI and possible polyploidy at the S-locus complicated the expression of SI in this species, and single-gene inheritance could not be determined. This represents the first published characterization of incompatibility in the family Campanulaceae.

NEUROTIC SYMPTOMATICS RELATED TO PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS IN YOUTH

2019 ◽  
pp. 2014-2019
Author(s):  
Milen Dimov
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Responsiveness ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
School Year ◽  
Real Behavior ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Ideal

The present study traces the dynamics of personal characteristics in youth and the manifested neurotic symptoms in the training process. These facts are the reason for the low levels of school results in the context of the existing theoretical statements of the problem and the empirical research conducted among the trained teenagers. We suggest that the indicators of neurotic symptomatology in youth – aggression, anxiety, and neuroticism, are the most demonstrated, compared to the other studied indicators of neurotic symptomatology. Studies have proved that there is a difference in the act of neurotic symptoms when tested in different situations, both in terms of expression and content. At the beginning of the school year, neurotic symptoms, more demonstrated in some aspects of aggressiveness, while at the end of school year, psychotism is more demonstrated. The presented summarized results indicate that at the beginning of the school year, neurotic symptoms are strongly associated with aggression. There is a tendency towards a lower level of social responsiveness, both in the self-assessment of real behavior and in the ideal “I”-image of students in the last year of their studies. The neurotic symptomatology, more demonstrated due to specific conditions in the life of young people and in relation to the characteristics of age.

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