scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE GENETICS OF FERTILITY II. LIFETIME EGG PRODUCTION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER—EXPERIMENTAL

Genetics ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-369
Author(s):  
I McMillan ◽  
M Fitz-Earle ◽  
L Butler ◽  
D S Robson
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Quantitative Genetics ◽  
Egg Production

QUANTITATIVE GENETICS OF FERTILITY. IV. CHROMOSOMES AFFECTING EGG PRODUCTION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Fitz-Earle
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Quantitative Genetics ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Specific Chromosome ◽  
New Model ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Two Parameters

Chromosomal combinations of the X, 2 and 3 chromosomes were synthesized from two inbred lines of Drosophila Melanogaster. Egg production determinations over the productive lifetime of sibling matings from the lines were fitted to a new model of lifetime egg production. The two parameters in the model which had been shown to be essentially genetic were related to specific chromosome effects. Chromosomes X and 3 but not 2, influenced the rate of decline in oviposition α and the time of cessation of egg-laying tq. In addition, interactions of chromosomes 2 and 3 upon these parameters were detected. The chromosome or interaction between chromosomes which decreased α concomitantly increased tq and vice versa.

A NOTE ON KIDWELL'S CHROMOSOMAL ANALYSIS OF EGG PRODUCTION AND CHAETA NUMBER IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Glaser ◽  
J. F. Kldwell
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Chromosomal Analysis ◽  
Epistatic Variance

An earlier paper (Kidwell, J.F., 1969, Can. J. Genet. Cytol 11: 547-557) has described partitioning of the genetic variance of egg production and chaeta number in Drosophila melanogaster, assuming equal frequencies of all chromosomes. Kidwell's data were analyzed again, and the new analyses were based on several panmictic populations with varying frequencies for each genotype. The importances of the several portions of the genetic variance were estimated for each population; several cases are presented. In most cases the ranges were substantial, especially those of the dominance and four-factor epistatic variances. The results of the present study generally support Kidwell's previous conclusions and suggest that epistatic variance should not routinely be assumed negligible.

scholarly journals TheDrosophila melanogasterGut Microbiota Provisions Thiamine to Its Host

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e00155-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Sannino ◽  
Adam J. Dobson ◽  
Katie Edwards ◽  
Esther R. Angert ◽  
Nicolas Buchon
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Auxotrophic Mutant ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Host Development ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTThe microbiota ofDrosophila melanogasterhas a substantial impact on host physiology and nutrition. Some effects may involve vitamin provisioning, but the relationships between microbe-derived vitamins, diet, and host health remain to be established systematically. We explored the contribution of microbiota in supplying sufficient dietary thiamine (vitamin B1) to supportD. melanogasterat different stages of its life cycle. Using chemically defined diets with different levels of available thiamine, we found that the interaction of thiamine concentration and microbiota did not affect the longevity of adultD. melanogaster. Likewise, this interplay did not have an impact on egg production. However, we determined that thiamine availability has a large impact on offspring development, as axenic offspring were unable to develop on a thiamine-free diet. Offspring survived on the diet only when the microbiota was present or added back, demonstrating that the microbiota was able to provide enough thiamine to support host development. Through gnotobiotic studies, we determined thatAcetobacter pomorum, a common member of the microbiota, was able to rescue development of larvae raised on the no-thiamine diet. Further, it was the only microbiota member that produced measurable amounts of thiamine when grown on the thiamine-free fly medium. Its close relativeAcetobacter pasteurianusalso rescued larvae; however, a thiamine auxotrophic mutant strain was unable to support larval growth and development. The results demonstrate that theD. melanogastermicrobiota functions to provision thiamine to its host in a low-thiamine environment.IMPORTANCEThere has been a long-standing assumption that the microbiota of animals provides their hosts with essential B vitamins; however, there is not a wealth of empirical evidence supporting this idea, especially for vitamin B1(thiamine). To determine whether this assumption is true, we usedDrosophila melanogasterand chemically defined diets with different thiamine concentrations as a model. We found that the microbiota does provide thiamine to its host, enough to allow the development of flies on a thiamine-free diet. The power of theDrosophila-microbiota system allowed us to determine that one microbiota member in particular,Acetobacter pomorum, is responsible for the thiamine provisioning. Thereby, our study verifies this long-standing hypothesis. Finally, the methods used in this work are applicable for interrogating the underpinnings of other aspects of the tripartite interaction between diet, host, and microbiota.

scholarly journals Endocrine network essential for reproductive success in Drosophila melanogaster

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (19) ◽  
pp. E3849-E3858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Meiselman ◽  
Sang Soo Lee ◽  
Raymond-Tan Tran ◽  
Hongjiu Dai ◽  
Yike Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Inka Cells ◽  
Ecdysis Triggering Hormone

Ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH) was originally discovered and characterized as a molt termination signal in insects through its regulation of the ecdysis sequence. Here we report that ETH persists in adult Drosophila melanogaster, where it functions as an obligatory allatotropin to promote juvenile hormone (JH) production and reproduction. ETH signaling deficits lead to sharply reduced JH levels and consequent reductions of ovary size, egg production, and yolk deposition in mature oocytes. Expression of ETH and ETH receptor genes is in turn dependent on ecdysone (20E). Furthermore, 20E receptor knockdown specifically in Inka cells reduces fecundity. Our findings indicate that the canonical developmental roles of 20E, ETH, and JH during juvenile stages are repurposed to function as an endocrine network essential for reproductive success.

EFFECT OF THE SINGED LOCUS ON THE EGG PRODUCTION CURVE OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Alvarez ◽  
Antonio Fontdevila
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Clear Effect ◽  
Total Lifetime ◽  
Female Genotype ◽  
Production Curve

Egg production curves of virgin and mated females of several genotypes at the singed locus of Drosophila melanogaster have been studied. Fitz-Earle's theoretical model (1971) for characterizing daily egg production has been used. In general, the model gave good fit to the experimental data. A clear effect of the female genotype is detected on the following parameters and derivations of the model: α, rate of decrease in egg production; tq, day of cessation of egg-laying, N(tmax), maximum egg production; and T(to,tq), total lifetime egg production. Homozygous snqr females present higher values of α and lower values of tq, N(tmax), and T(to,tq) than heterozygous and wild-type homozygous females. Egg-to-larva viability along female lifetime related with the different physiological stages of the egg-laying curve (increasing, maximum, and decreasing parts) has been also studied. Homozygous snqr females show low viability and decreasing with age compared to wild-type females. In some cases, different physiological stages of the egg production curve show characteristic egg-to-larva viability values.

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