scholarly journals STUDIES ON NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA. X. EFFECTS OF DISRUPTIVE AND STABILIZING SELECTION ON WING LENGTH AND THE CORRELATED RESPONSE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
A O Tantawy ◽  
A A Tayel
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Stabilizing Selection

scholarly journals Heritability of Two Morphological Characters Within and Among Natural Populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-737
Author(s):  
Jerry A Coyne ◽  
Edward Beecham
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Bristle Number ◽  
Genetic Differentiation Of Populations ◽  
Geographic Differences

ABSTRACT Heritabilities of wing length and abdominal bristle number, as well as genetic correlations between these characters, were determined within and among populations of Drosophila melanogaster in nature. Substantial "natural" heritabilities were found when wild-caught flies from one population were compared to their laboratory-reared offspring. Natural heritabilities of bristle number approximated those derived from laboratory-raised parents and offspring, but wing length heritability was significantly lower in nature than in the laboratory. Among-population heritabilities, estimated by regressing population means of wild-caught flies against those of their laboratory-reared descendants, were close to 0.5. The genetic differentiation of populations was clinal with latitude, and was accompanied by significant geographic differences in the norms of reaction to temperature. These clines are similar to those reported on other continents and in other Drosophila species, and are almost certainly caused by natural selection. Genetic regressions between the characters reveal that the cline in bristle number may be a correlated response to geographic selection on wing length, but not vice versa. Our results indicate that there is a sizable genetic component to phenotypic variation within and among populations of D. melanogaster in nature.

scholarly journals Variation in wing length in Eurasian natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Heredity ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra G Imasheva ◽  
Oleg A Bubli ◽  
Oleg E Lazebny
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Natural Populations

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF DISRUPTIVE AND STABILIZING SELECTION ON BODY SIZE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. I. MEAN VALUES AND VARIANCES

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-693
Author(s):  
M Bos ◽  
W Scharloo
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Disruptive Selection ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Thorax Length ◽  
Mean Values

ABSTRACT Disruptive and stabilizing selection were applied to thorax and wing length in Drosophila melanogaster. Disruptive selection with negative assortative mating (D-) practiced on thorax length caused a large increase of the phenotypic variance; practiced on wing length the increase was less striking. Disruptive selection with random mating (DR) caused in most lines only a temporary increase in phenotypic variance, but mean values increased considerably. Stabilizing selection (S) on thorax length or wing length did not decrease the phenotypic variance, but the mean value of the selected character declined.—The proportion of flies emerging decreased in all lines, while development time increased. Variance of development time increased in the D--lines. In both D--lines the frequency of flies with an abnormal number of scutellars was high (> 60% in one of the lines) and there was a temporary increase in abnormal segmentation of the abdomen.

scholarly journals Female Genotypes Affect Sperm Displacement in Drosophila

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 1487-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G Clark ◽  
David J Begun
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Sperm Displacement ◽  
Extensive Variation ◽  
Polymorphic Genes ◽  
Displacement Parameter ◽  
Competitive Success

Abstract Differential success of sperm is likely to be an important component of fitness. Extensive variation among male genotypes in competitive success of sperm in multiply mated females has been documented for Drosophila melanogaster. However, virtually all previous studies considered the female to be a passive vessel. Nevertheless, under certain conditions female fitness could be determined by her role in mediating use of sperm from multiple males. Here we ask whether females differ among genotypes in their tendency to exhibit last-male precedence. Competition of sperm from two tester male genotypes (bwD and B3-09, a third-chromosome isogenic line from Beltsville, MD) was quantified by doubly mating female lines that had been rendered homozygous for X, second, or third chromosomes isolated from natural populations. The composite sperm displacement parameter, P2′, was highly heterogeneous among lines, whether or not viability effects were compensated, implying the presence of polymorphic genes affecting access of sperm to eggs. Genetic variation of this type is completely neutral in the absence of pleiotropy or interaction between variation in the two sexes.

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