scholarly journals A Genetic Screen for Modifiers of UFO Meristem Activity Identifies Three Novel FUSED FLORAL ORGANS Genes Required for Early Flower Development in Arabidopsis

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-595
Author(s):  
Joshua Z Levin ◽  
Jennifer C Fletcher ◽  
Xuemei Chen ◽  
Elliot M Meyerowitz
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Genetic Screen ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Cauline Leaf ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Control Organ ◽  
Early Flower

Abstract In a screen to identify novel genes required for early Arabidopsis flower development, we isolated four independent mutations that enhance the Ufo phenotype toward the production of filamentous structures in place of flowers. The mutants fall into three complementation groups, which we have termed FUSED FLORAL ORGANS (FFO) loci. ffo mutants have specific defects in floral organ separation and/or positioning; thus, the FFO genes identify components of a boundary formation mechanism(s)acting between developing floral organ primordia. FFO1 and FFO3 have specific functions in cauline leaf/stem separation and in first- and third-whorl floral organ separation, with FFO3 likely acting to establish and FFO1 to maintain floral organ boundaries. FFO2 acts at early floral stages to regulate floral organ number and positioning and to control organ separation within and between whorls. Plants doubly mutant for two ffo alleles display additive phenotypes, indicating that the FFO genes may act in separate pathways. Plants doubly mutant for an ffo gene and for ufo, lfy, or clv3 reveal that the FFO genes play roles related to those of UFO and LFY in floral meristem initiation and that FFO2 and FFO3 may act to control cell proliferation late in inflorescence development.

scholarly journals MircroRNA Profiles of Early Rice Inflorescence Revealed a Specific miRNA5506 Regulating Development of Floral Organs and Female Megagametophyte in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6610
Author(s):  
Zhixiong Chen ◽  
Yajing Li ◽  
Peigang Li ◽  
Xiaojie Huang ◽  
Mingxin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Mirnas Expression ◽  
Female Gametophyte Development

The developmental process of inflorescence and gametophytes is vital for sexual reproduction in rice. Multiple genes and conserved miRNAs have been characterized to regulate the process. The changes of miRNAs expression during the early development of rice inflorescence remain unknown. In this study, the analysis of miRNAs profiles in the early stage of rice inflorescence development identified 671 miRNAs, including 67 known and 44 novel differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). Six distinct clusters of miRNAs expression patterns were detected, and Cluster 5 comprised 110 DEMs, including unconserved, rice-specific osa-miR5506. Overexpression of osa-miR5506 caused pleiotropic abnormalities, including over- or under-developed palea, various numbers of floral organs and spikelet indeterminacy. In addition, the defects of ovaries development were frequently characterized by multiple megasporocytes, ovule-free ovary, megasporocyte degenerated and embryo sac degenerated in the transgenic lines. osa-miR5506 targeted REM transcription factor LOC_Os03g11370. Summarily, these results demonstrated that rice-specific osa-miR5506 plays an essential role in the regulation of floral organ number, spikelet determinacy and female gametophyte development in rice.

scholarly journals Stability Despite Reduction: Flower Structure, Patterns of Receptacle Elongation and Organ Fusion in Eriocaulon (Eriocaulaceae: Poales)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1424
Author(s):  
Dmitry D. Sokoloff ◽  
Shrirang R. Yadav ◽  
Arun N. Chandore ◽  
Margarita V. Remizowa
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Flower Structure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Stamen Primordia ◽  
Early Flower ◽  
Structure Patterns ◽  
Sem Investigation ◽  
Female Flowers

Eriocaulaceae (Poales) differ from potentially related Xyridaceae in pattern of floral organ arrangement relative to subtending bract (with median sepal adaxial). Some Eriocaulaceae possess reduced and non-trimerous perianth, but developmental data are insufficient. We conducted a SEM investigation of flower development in three species of Eriocaulon to understand whether organ number and arrangement are stable in E. redactum, a species with a highly reduced calyx and reportedly missing corolla of female flowers. Early flower development is similar in all three species. Male and female flowers are indistinguishable at early stages. Despite earlier reports, both floral types uniformly possess three congenitally united sepals and three petals in E. redactum. Petals and inner stamens develop from common primordia. We assume that scanning electron microscopy should be used in taxonomic accounts of Eriocaulon to assess organ number and arrangement. Two types of corolla reduction are found in Eriocaulaceae: suppression and complete loss of petals. Common petal–stamen primordia in Eriocaulon do not co-occur with delayed receptacle expansion as in other monocots but are associated with retarded petal growth. The ‘reverse’ flower orientation of Eriocaulon is probably due to strictly transversal lateral sepals. Gynoecium development indicates similarities of Eriocaulaceae with restiids and graminids rather than with Xyridaceae.

scholarly journals A multiscale analysis of early flower development in Arabidopsis provides an integrated view of molecular regulation and growth control

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-556.e8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yassin Refahi ◽  
Argyris Zardilis ◽  
Gaël Michelin ◽  
Raymond Wightman ◽  
Bruno Leggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Multiscale Analysis ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Molecular Regulation ◽  
Early Flower

scholarly journals Floral organ abscission peptide IDA and its HAE/HSL2 receptors control cell separation during lateral root emergence

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (13) ◽  
pp. 5235-5240 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Kumpf ◽  
C.-L. Shi ◽  
A. Larrieu ◽  
I. M. Sto ◽  
M. A. Butenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Separation ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Floral Organ

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal Dynamics of the Patterning of Arabidopsis Flower Meristem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Díaz ◽  
Elena R. Álvarez-Buylla
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Positional Information ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Abc Model ◽  
Flower Meristem ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractThe qualitative model presented in this work recovers the onset of the four fields that correspond to those of each floral organ whorl of Arabidopsis flower, suggesting a mechanism for the generation of the positional information required for the differential expression of the A, B and C identity genes according to the ABC model for organ determination during early stages of flower development. Our model integrates a previous model for the emergence of WUS pattern in the apical meristem, and shows that this pre-pattern is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the posterior information of the four fields predicted by the ABC model. Furthermore, our model predicts that LFY diffusion along the L1 layer of cells is not a necessary condition for the patterning of the floral meristem.

scholarly journals Transcriptome-Wide Analyses Provide Insights into Development of the Hedychium Coronarium Flower, Revealing Potential Roles of PTL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Zhao ◽  
Alma Piñeyro-Nelson ◽  
Qianxia Yu ◽  
Xiaoying Hu ◽  
Huanfang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Mrna In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hedychium Coronarium ◽  
Organ Identity

Abstract Background:The flower of Hedychium coronarium possesses highly specialized floral organs: a synsepalous calyx, petaloid staminodes and a labellum. The formation of these organs is controlled by two gene categories: floral organ identity genes and organ boundary genes, which may function individually or jointly during flower development. Although the floral organogenesis of H. coronarium has been studied at the morphological level, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in its floral development still remain poorly understood. In addition, previous works analyzing the role of MADS-box genes in controlling floral organ specification in some Zingiberaceae did not address the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of particular organ morphologies that emerge later in flower development, such as the synsepalous calyx formed through intercalary growth of adjacent sepals. Results:Here, we used comparative transcriptomics combined with Real-time quantitative PCR and mRNA in situ hybridization to investigate gene expression patterns of ABC-class genes in H. coronarium flowers, as well as the homolog of the organ boundary gene PETAL LOSS (HcPTL). qRT-PCR detection showed that HcAP3 and HcAG were expressed in both the petaloid staminode and the fertile stamen. mRNA in situ hybridization showed that HcPTL was expressed in developing meristems, including cincinnus primordia, floral primordia, common primordia and almost all new initiating floral organ primordia.Conclusions:Our studies found that stamen/petal identity or stamen fertility in H. coronarium was not necessarily correlated with the differential expression of HcAP3 and HcAG. We also found a novel spatio-temporal expression pattern for HcPTL mRNA, suggesting it may have evolved a lineage-specific role in the morphogenesis of the Hedychium flower. Our study provides a new transcriptome reference and a functional hypothesis regarding the role of a boundary gene in organ fusion that should be further addressed through phylogenetic analyzes of this gene, as well as functional studies.

scholarly journals Pitfall Flower Development and Organ Identity of Ceropegia sandersonii (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1767
Author(s):  
Annemarie Heiduk ◽  
Dewi Pramanik ◽  
Marlies Spaans ◽  
Loes Gast ◽  
Nemi Dorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Floral Anatomy ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Abcde Model ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Mads Box Gene ◽  
Flower Evolution ◽  
Developmental Phases

Deceptive Ceropegia pitfall flowers are an outstanding example of synorganized morphological complexity. Floral organs functionally synergise to trap fly-pollinators inside the fused corolla. Successful pollination requires precise positioning of flies headfirst into cavities at the gynostegium. These cavities are formed by the corona, a specialized organ of corolline and/or staminal origin. The interplay of floral organs to achieve pollination is well studied but their evolutionary origin is still unclear. We aimed to obtain more insight in the homology of the corona and therefore investigated floral anatomy, ontogeny, vascularization, and differential MADS-box gene expression in Ceropegia sandersonii using X-ray microtomography, Light and Scanning Electronic Microscopy, and RT-PCR. During 10 defined developmental phases, the corona appears in phase 7 at the base of the stamens and was not found to be vascularized. A floral reference transcriptome was generated and 14 MADS-box gene homologs, representing all major MADS-box gene classes, were identified. B- and C-class gene expression was found in mature coronas. Our results indicate staminal origin of the corona, and we propose a first ABCDE-model for floral organ identity in Ceropegia to lay the foundation for a better understanding of the molecular background of pitfall flower evolution in Apocynaceae.

scholarly journals RcAP1, a Homolog of APETALA1, is Associated with Flower Bud Differentiation and Floral Organ Morphogenesis in Rosa chinensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Han ◽  
Aoying Tang ◽  
Jiayao Yu ◽  
Tangren Cheng ◽  
Jia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Organ ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Rosa Chinensis ◽  
Organ Morphogenesis ◽  
Floral Primordia ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation ◽  
Delayed Flowering

Rosa chinensis is one of the most popular flower plants worldwide. The recurrent flowering trait greatly enhances the ornamental value of roses, and is the result of the constant formation of new flower buds. Flower bud differentiation has always been a major topic of interest among researchers. The APETALA1 (AP1) MADS-box (Mcm1, Agamous, Deficiens and SRF) transcription factor-encoding gene is important for the formation of the floral meristem and floral organs. However, research on the rose AP1 gene has been limited. Thus, we isolated AP1 from Rosa chinensis ‘Old Blush’. An expression analysis revealed that RcAP1 was not expressed before the floral primordia formation stage in flower buds. The overexpression of RcAP1 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in an early-flowering phenotype. Additionally, the virus-induced down-regulation of RcAP1 expression delayed flowering in ‘Old Blush’. Moreover, RcAP1 was specifically expressed in the sepals of floral organs, while its expression was down-regulated in abnormal sepals and leaf-like organs. These observations suggest that RcAP1 may contribute to rose bud differentiation as well as floral organ morphogenesis, especially the sepals. These results may help for further characterization of the regulatory mechanisms of the recurrent flowering trait in rose.

scholarly journals Cys2/His2 Zinc-Finger Proteins in Transcriptional Regulation of Flower Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianqi Lyu ◽  
Jiashu Cao
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Zinc Finger Proteins ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Flowering Induction

Flower development is the core of higher-plant ontogenesis and is controlled by complex gene regulatory networks. Cys2/His2 zinc-finger proteins (C2H2-ZFPs) constitute one of the largest transcription factor families and are highly involved in transcriptional regulation of flowering induction, floral organ morphogenesis, and pollen and pistil maturation. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of C2H2-ZFPs has been gradually revealed only in recent years. During flowering induction, C2H2-ZFPs can modify the chromatin of FLOWERING LOCUS C, thereby providing additional insights into the quantification of transcriptional regulation caused by chromatin regulation. C2H2-ZFPs are involved in cell division and proliferation in floral organ development and are associated with hormonal regulation, thereby revealing how a flower is partitioned into four developmentally distinct whorls. The studies reviewed in this work integrate the information from the endogenous, hormonal, and environmental regulation of flower development. The structure of C2H2-ZFPs determines their function as transcriptional regulators. The findings indicate that C2H2-ZFPs play a crucial role in flower development. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the structure, expression, and function of C2H2-ZFPs and discuss their molecular mechanism in flower development.

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