scholarly journals Toward a molecular genetic analysis of spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster: characterization of male-sterile mutants generated by single P element mutagenesis.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
D H Castrillon ◽  
P Gönczy ◽  
S Alexander ◽  
R Rawson ◽  
C G Eberhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
P Element ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Germline Proliferation ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes

Abstract We describe 83 recessive autosomal male-sterile mutations, generated by single P element mutagenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Each mutation has been localized to a lettered subdivision of the polytene map. Reversion analyses, as well as complementation tests using available chromosomal deficiencies, indicate that the insertions are responsible for the mutant phenotypes. These mutations represent 63 complementation groups, 58 of which are required for spermatogenesis. Phenotypes of the spermatogenesis mutants were analyzed by light microscopy. Mutations in 12 loci affect germline proliferation, spermatocyte growth, or meiosis. Mutations in 46 other loci disrupt differentiation and maturation of spermatids into motile sperm. This collection of male-sterile mutants provides the basis for a molecular genetic analysis of spermatogenesis.

Molecular genetic analysis of V-ATPase function in Drosophila melanogaster.

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Dow ◽  
S A Davies ◽  
Y Guo ◽  
S Graham ◽  
M E Finbow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
P Element ◽  
Proton Pumps ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
General Utility

V-ATPases are phylogenetically widespread, highly conserved, multisubunit proton pumps. Originally characterised in endomembranes, they have been found to energise transport across plasma membranes in a range of animal cells and particularly in certain epithelia. While yeast is the model of choice for the rapid generation and identification of V-ATPase mutants, it does not allow their analysis in a plasma membrane context. For such purposes, Drosophila melanogaster is a uniquely suitable model. Accordingly, we have cloned and characterised genes encoding several V-ATPase subunits in D. melanogaster and, using P-element technology, we have succeeded in generating multiple new alleles. Reporter gene constructs reveal ubiquitous expression, but at particularly high levels in those epithelial thought to be energised by V-ATPases, and several of the alleles have lethal recessive phenotypes characterised by epithelial dysfunction. These results, while providing the first gene knockouts of V-ATPases in animals, also illustrate the general utility of D. melanogaster as a model for the genetic analysis of ion transport and its control in epithelia.

scholarly journals Genetic and Molecular Characterization of sting, a Gene Involved in Crystal Formation and Meiotic Drive in the Male Germ Line of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 749-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Schmidt ◽  
Gioacchino Palumbo ◽  
Maria P Bozzetti ◽  
Patrizia Tritto ◽  
Sergio Pimpinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Null Allele ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
P Element ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Sterile Mutation

Abstract The sting mutation, caused by a P element inserted into polytene region 32D, was isolated by a screen for male sterile insertions in Drosophila melanogaster. This sterility is correlated with the presence of crystals in spermatocytes and spermatids that are structurally indistinguishable from those produced in males carrying a deficiency of the Y-linked crystal (cry) locus. In addition, their morphology is needle-like in Ste+ flies and star-shaped in Ste flies, once again as observed in cry– males. The sti mutation leads to meiotic drive of the sex chromosomes, and the strength of the phenomenon is correlated with the copy number of the repetitive Ste locus. The same correlation is also true for the penetrance of the male sterile mutation. A presumptive sti null allele results in male sterility and lethal maternal effect. The gene was cloned and shown to code for a putative protein that is 866 amino acids long. A C-terminal domain of 82 amino acids is identified that is well conserved in proteins from different organisms. The gene is expressed only in the germline of both sexes. The interaction of sting with the Ste locus can also be demonstrated at the molecular level. While an unprocessed 8-kb Ste primary transcript is expressed in wild-type males, in X/Y homozygous sti males, as in X/Y cry– males, a 0.7-kb mRNA is produced.

scholarly journals Molecular genetic analysis of left–right handedness in plants

2002 ◽  
Vol 357 (1422) ◽  
pp. 799-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Cortical Microtubule ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Helical Growth ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Axial Organs

Handedness in plant growth may be most familiar to us when we think of tendrils or twining plants, which generally form consistent right– or left–handed helices as they climb. The petals of several species are sometimes arranged like fan blades that twist in the same direction. Another less conspicuous example is ‘circumnutation’, the oscillating growth of axial organs, which alternates between a clockwise and an anti–clockwise direction. To unravel molecular components and cellular determinants of handedness, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings for helical growth mutants with fixed handedness. Recessive spiral1 and spiral2 mutants show right–handed helical growth in roots, hypocotyls, petioles and petals; semi–dominant lefty1 and lefty2 mutants show opposite left–handed growth in these organs. lefty mutations are epistatic to spiral mutations. Arabidopsis helical growth mutants with fixed handedness may be impaired in certain aspects of cortical microtubule functions, and characterization of the mutated genes should lead us to a better understanding of how microtubules function in left–right handedness in plants.

scholarly journals Molecular-genetic characterization of the human non-hypervariable GC-rich minisatellite UPS29 of gene CENTB5

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina O Suchkova ◽  
Daria M Shubina ◽  
Ludmila K Sasina ◽  
Natalia O Slominska ◽  
Vadim B Vasilyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Molecular Genetic Characterization

Human minisatellite UPS29 localized in one of CENTB5 introns was studied in silico and using molecular genetic analysis. For the first time there were revealed seven UPS29 alleles which contained 6-24 repeated units. Allele consisting of 17 repeats was prevailed (91,5 %). Frequency of other alleles varied from 0,29 % to 4,39 %. UPS29 heterozygosity was 12,3 %. Minisatellite UPS29 was classified as low polymorphic and non hypervariable.

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