scholarly journals CONDITIONING MUTATIONS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER AFFECT AN EXPERIENCE-DEPENDENT BEHAVIORAL MODIFICATION IN COURTING MALES

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-623
Author(s):  
Donald A Gailey ◽  
F Rob Jackson ◽  
Richard W Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Modification ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Olfactory Conditioning ◽  
Electrical Shock ◽  
Dependent Change ◽  
Dependent Modification

ABSTRACT One aspect of courtship in male Drosophila melanogaster has been reported to be experience dependent. Males that have courted fertilized females are virtually unresponsive to virgin females for 2-3 hr. Here, this response was utilized as an assay for the effects of conditioning mutations on experience-dependent courtship. Seven strains expressing conditioning mutations (previously isolated and characterized for learning or memory defects in an electrical shock-odor association paradigm, independent of courtship) were all found to be mutant in expression of this experience-dependent change in courtship behavior. By comparison, three control strains that were unselected for conditioning defects all expressed normal experience-dependent courtship. Other results indicate that males of the conditioning-defective strains are able to elicit necessary cues from fertilized females, yet do not then modify their courtship with virgin females. Thus, it is suggested that experience-dependent modification of courtship and the previously reported associative olfactory conditioning with electric shock share common elements of processing. The possibility that experience-dependent courtship represents adaptive behavior is discussed.

scholarly journals REDUCED REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS FOR A CONDITIONING MUTANT IN EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-804
Author(s):  
Donald A Gailey ◽  
Jeffrey C Hall ◽  
Richard W Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Mating Advantage ◽  
Mating Efficiency ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Dependent Modification

ABSTRACT Male Drosophila melanogaster that have courted newly-emerged males can modify their subsequent courtship behavior to avoid further courtship with immature males for up to 6 hr (previously reported). Here, it was hypothesized that such an experience-dependent modification would afford a mating advantage to normal males over males that carried a mutation that affects learning and memory. Coisogenic lines were constructed which varied at the dunce gene (dnc  + and dnc  M14 alleles) in order to test this hypothesis. Whether previously experienced with immature males or not, dnc  + and dnc  M14 males were indistinguishable in their response and mating efficiency when individually paired with virgin females. However, courtship performance of dnc  + and dnc  M14 males was different if they were first experienced with immature males and were then individually tested in an artificial population of nine immature males and one virgin female. In this situation, dnc  + males spent much less time in courtship with immature males and achieved copulation in one-third the time required for dnc  M14 males. As a control, the behavior and mating efficiency of courtship-naive dnc  + and dnc  M14 males in the artificial population was indistinguishable. In competition for a single virgin female, experienced dnc  M14 males showed a slight mating advantage over experienced dnc  + males. But when competition by experienced males for a single virgin female took place in the presence of nine immature males, dnc  + males were the successful maters in three-fourths of the trials.

scholarly journals MALE COURTSHIP IN DROSOPHILA: THE CONDITIONED RESPONSE TO IMMATURE MALES AND ITS GENETIC CONTROL

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-782
Author(s):  
Donald A Gailey ◽  
F Rob Jackson ◽  
Richard W Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Avoidance Conditioning ◽  
Conditioned Response ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Chemical Signal ◽  
Male Courtship ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Mosaic Analysis ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Dependent Modification

ABSTRACT Experimentally naive male Drosophila melanogaster respond to sexually immature males with intense courtship. However, this response decreases markedly in a short period of time, and "experienced" males then avoid further courtship with immature males for 4 hr. This subsequent inhibition of the courtship response is specific to immature males; the response to virgin females remains intact. This experience-dependent modification in courtship behavior is designated as "conditioned courtship." Seven mutant strains isolated for their inability to express avoidance conditioning (on criteria independent of courtship) were all found to be mutant with respect to expression of conditioned courtship. The potential application of this phenomenon to mosaic analysis of these mutations is posed. Other results indicate that immature males constitutively release a chemical signal that is sufficient for the expression of conditioned courtship. The interpretation of conditioned courtship as a component of fitness is discussed.

scholarly journals Bilateral Distal Radius Fractures in a 12-Year-Old Boy after Household Electrical Shock: Case Report and Literature Summary

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Stone ◽  
Mara Karamitopoulos ◽  
David Edelstein ◽  
Jenifer Hashem ◽  
James Tucci
Keyword(s):  
Distal Radius ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Distal Radius Fractures ◽  
Radius Fractures ◽  
Electrical Shock ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Body Fracture ◽  
Humerus Fractures

Background. Fracture resulting from household electric shock is uncommon. When it occurs, it is usually the result of a fall; however, electricity itself can cause sufficient tetany to produce a fracture. We present the case of bilateral fractures of the distal radii of a 12-year-old boy which were sustained after accidental shock. The literature regarding fractures after domestic electric shock is also reviewed.Methods. An Ovid-Medline search was conducted. The resultant articles and their bibliographies were surveyed for cases describing fractures resulting from a typical household-level voltage (110–220 V, 50–60 Hertz) and not a fall after the shock. Twenty-one articles describing 22 patients were identified.Results. Twenty-two cases were identified. Thirteen were unilateral injuries; 9 were bilateral. Proximal humerus fractures were most frequent (8 cases), followed by scapula fractures (7 cases), forearm fractures (4 cases), femoral neck fractures (2 cases), and vertebral body fracture (1 case). Eight of the 22 cases were diagnosed days to weeks after the injury.Conclusions. Fracture after electric shock is uncommon. It should be suspected in patients with persistent pain, particularly in the shoulder or forearm area. Distal radius fractures that occur during electrocution are likely due to tetany.

scholarly journals Turning Males On: Activation of Male Courtship Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e21144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Pan ◽  
Carmen C. Robinett ◽  
Bruce S. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Male Courtship ◽  
Male Courtship Behavior

scholarly journals Expression Level of sarah, a Homolog of DSCR1, Is Critical for Ovulation and Female Courtship Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 168 (4) ◽  
pp. 2077-2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aki Ejima ◽  
Manabu Tsuda ◽  
Satomi Takeo ◽  
Kunimasa Ishii ◽  
Takashi Matsuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Expression Level

scholarly journals A role for the Fem-1 gene of Drosophila melanogaster in adult courtship

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles Thies ◽  
Brett Berke
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Conserved Gene

The Fem family of genes influences sex determination and/or the development of sex-specific characteristics in a wide variety of organisms. Here, we describe the first mutational analysis of the Fem-1 gene of Drosophila melanogaster. The amino acid sequence of the two Drosophila Fem-1 transcripts are moderately conserved compared to that of both Fem-1 in C. elegans and the two Fem-1 transcripts in humans, with multiple ankyrin repeats. Using two transposon-induced mutations of Drosophila Fem-1, we observed striking defects in adult courtship behavior that are attributed to defects in male courting as opposed to female receptivity. Specifically, viable Fem-1 mutant males courted Fem-1 females more vigorously with an increased amount of chasing and singing than pairs of control flies. Nevertheless, Fem-1 males did not copulate at a higher frequency than controls. The above courtship defects persisted when Fem-1 males courted control females, but no phenotypes were observed when control males courted Fem-1 females. These results indicate that Drosophila Fem-1 may interact with other genes involved in courtship and sex determination. Fem-1 mutants also suppressed wing and body growth, consistent with the actions of a homologue in mice. Additional analyses of these Fem-1 alleles will help address the nature of these mutations, deepen our molecular understanding of courtship, and contribute to the evolutionary relationships among this highly conserved gene family.

The interruptive effect of electric shock on odor response requires mushroom bodies in Drosophila melanogaster

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. e12488
Author(s):  
W. Song ◽  
L. Zhao ◽  
Y. Tao ◽  
X. Guo ◽  
J. Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Mushroom Bodies
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