scholarly journals Complex Evolutionary Origins of Specialized Metabolite Gene Cluster Diversity among the Plant Pathogenic Fungi of the Fusarium graminearum Species Complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3106-3122
Author(s):  
Sabina Moser Tralamazza ◽  
Liliana Oliveira Rocha ◽  
Ursula Oggenfuss ◽  
Benedito Corrêa ◽  
Daniel Croll
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex ◽  
Fungal Genomes

Abstract Fungal genomes encode highly organized gene clusters that underlie the production of specialized (or secondary) metabolites. Gene clusters encode key functions to exploit plant hosts or environmental niches. Promiscuous exchange among species and frequent reconfigurations make gene clusters some of the most dynamic elements of fungal genomes. Despite evidence for high diversity in gene cluster content among closely related strains, the microevolutionary processes driving gene cluster gain, loss, and neofunctionalization are largely unknown. We analyzed the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) composed of plant pathogens producing potent mycotoxins and causing Fusarium head blight on cereals. We de novo assembled genomes of previously uncharacterized FGSC members (two strains of F. austroamericanum, F. cortaderiae, and F. meridionale). Our analyses of 8 species of the FGSC in addition to 15 other Fusarium species identified a pangenome of 54 gene clusters within FGSC. We found that multiple independent losses were a key factor generating extant cluster diversity within the FGSC and the Fusarium genus. We identified a modular gene cluster conserved among distantly related fungi, which was likely reconfigured to encode different functions. We also found strong evidence that a rare cluster in FGSC was gained through an ancient horizontal transfer between bacteria and fungi. Chromosomal rearrangements underlying cluster loss were often complex and were likely facilitated by an enrichment in specific transposable elements. Our findings identify important transitory stages in the birth and death process of specialized metabolism gene clusters among very closely related species.

scholarly journals Complex evolutionary origins of specialized metabolite gene cluster diversity among the plant pathogenic fungi of theFusarium graminearumspecies complex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Moser Tralamazza ◽  
Liliana Oliveira Rocha ◽  
Ursula Oggenfuss ◽  
Benedito Corrêa ◽  
Daniel Croll
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fungal Genomes ◽  
Gain Loss

AbstractFungal genomes encode highly organized gene clusters that underlie the production of specialized (or secondary) metabolites. Gene clusters encode key functions to exploit plant hosts or environmental niches. Promiscuous exchange among species and frequent reconfigurations make gene clusters some of the most dynamic elements of fungal genomes. Despite evidence for high diversity in gene cluster content among closely related strains, the microevolutionary processes driving gene cluster gain, loss and neofunctionalization are largely unknown. We analyzed theFusarium graminearumspecies complex (FGSC) composed of plant pathogens producing potent mycotoxins and causing Fusarium head blight on cereals. Wede novoassembled genomes of previously uncharacterized FGSC members (two strains ofF. austroamericanum,F. cortaderiaeandF. meridionale). Our analyses of eight species of the FGSC in addition to 15 otherFusariumspecies identified a pangenome of 54 gene clusters within FGSC. We found that multiple independent losses were a key factor generating extant cluster diversity within the FGSC and theFusariumgenus. We identified a modular gene cluster conserved among distantly related fungi, which was likely reconfigured to encode different functions. We also found strong evidence that a rare cluster in FGSC was gained through an ancient horizontal transfer between bacteria and fungi. Chromosomal rearrangements underlying cluster loss were often complex and were likely facilitated by an enrichment in specific transposable elements. Our findings identify important transitory stages in the birth and death process of specialized metabolism gene clusters among very closely related species.

Identification of a gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of aurofusarin in the Fusarium graminearum species complex

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 420-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Malz ◽  
Morten N. Grell ◽  
Charlotte Thrane ◽  
Frank J. Maier ◽  
Pernille Rosager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex

Fungicide Resistance in Fusarium graminearum Species Complex

2022 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Antunes de Chaves ◽  
Paula Reginatto ◽  
Bárbara Souza da Costa ◽  
Ricardo Itiki de Paschoal ◽  
Mário Lettieri Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex

scholarly journals A Natural Mutation Involving both Pathogenicity and Perithecium Formation in the Fusarium graminearum Species Complex

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3883-3892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhisha Suga ◽  
Koji Kageyama ◽  
Masafumi Shimizu ◽  
Misturo Hyakumachi
Keyword(s):  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex

Abstract Members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (Fg complex or FGSC) are the primary pathogens causing Fusarium head blight in wheat and barley worldwide. A natural pathogenicity mutant (strain 0225022) was found in a sample of the Fg complex collected in Japan. The mutant strain did not induce symptoms in wheat spikes beyond the point of inoculation, and did not form perithecia. No segregation of phenotypic deficiencies occurred in the progenies of a cross between the mutant and a fully pathogenic wild-type strain, which suggested that a single genetic locus controlled both traits. The locus was mapped to chromosome 2 by using sequence-tagged markers; and a deletion of ∼3 kb was detected in the mapped region of the mutant strain. The wild-type strain contains the FGSG_02810 gene, encoding a putative glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor protein, in this region. The contribution of FGSG_02810 to pathogenicity and perithecium formation was confirmed by complementation in the mutant strain using gene transfer, and by gene disruption in the wild-type strain.

scholarly journals Activity of Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicide Metconazole on Chinese Fusarium graminearum Species Complex and Its Application in Carbendazim-Resistance Management of Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yabing Duan ◽  
Xian Tao ◽  
Huahua Zhao ◽  
Xuemei Xiao ◽  
Meixia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex ◽  
Demethylation Inhibitor

Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, has species-specific geographical distributions in wheat-growing regions. In recent years, benzimidazole resistance of FHB pathogens has been largely widespread in China. Although the demethylation inhibitor fungicide metconazole has been used for FHB control in some countries, no information about metconazole sensitivity of Chinese FHB pathogen populations and efficacy of metconazole in FHB control in China is available. In this study, the sensitivity of FGSC to metconazole was measured with 32 carbendazim-sensitive strains and 35 carbendazim-resistant strains based on mycelial growth. The 50% effective concentration values of 67 strains were normally distributed and ranged from 0.0209 to 0.0838 μg ml−1, with a mean of 0.0481 ± 0.0134 μg ml−1. No significant difference in metconazole sensitivity was observed between carbendazim-sensitive and -resistant populations. An interactive effect of metconazole and phenamacril, a novel cyanoacrilate fungicide approved in China against Fusarium spp., in inhibiting mycelial growth showed an additive interaction at different ratios. Furthermore, field trials to evaluate the effect of metconazole and metconazole + phenamacril treatments in FHB control, deoxynivalenol (DON) production, and grain yields were performed. Compared with the fungicides carbendazim and phenamacril currently used in China, metconazole exhibits a better efficacy for FHB control, DON production, and grain yields, and dramatically reduces use dosages of chemical compounds in the field. The mixture of metconazole and phenamacril at ratios of 2:3 and 1:2 showed the greatest efficacy for FHB control, DON production, and grain yields among all the fungicide treatments but its use dosages were higher in comparison with metconazole alone. In addition, FHB control, grain yields, and DON levels were significantly correlated with each other, showing that visual disease indices can be used as an indicator of grain yields and DON contamination. Meanwhile, the frequency of carbendazim-resistant alleles in F. graminearum populations was dramatically reduced after metconazole and phenamacril alone and the mixture of metconazole and phenamacril applications, indicating that metconazole and a mixture of metconazole and phenamacril can be used for carbendazim resistance management of FHB in wheat. Overall, the findings of this study provide important data for resistance management of FHB and reducing DON contamination in wheat grains.

Climate change impacts on the ecology of Fusarium graminearum species complex and susceptibility of wheat to Fusarium head blight: a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vaughan ◽  
D. Backhouse ◽  
E.M. Del Ponte
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex ◽  
The Impact

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, caused mainly by a few members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), is a major threat to agricultural grain production, food safety, and animal health. The severity of disease epidemics and accumulation of associated trichothecene mycotoxins in wheat kernels is strongly driven by meteorological factors. The potential impacts of change in climate are reviewed from the perspective of the FGSC life cycle and host resistance mechanisms influenced by abiotic pressures at the ecological, physiological and molecular level. Alterations in climate patterns and cropping systems may affect the distribution, composition and load of FGSC inoculum, but quantitative information is lacking regarding the differential responses among FGSC members. In general, the coincidence of wet and warm environment during flowering enhances the risk of FHB epidemics, but the magnitude and direction of the change in FHB and mycotoxin risk will be a consequence of a multitude of effects on key processes affecting inoculum dynamics and host susceptibility. Rates of residue decomposition, inoculum production and dispersal may be significantly altered by changes in crop rotations, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]), temperature and precipitation patterns, but the impact may be much greater for regions where inoculum is more limited, such as temperate climates. In regions of non-limiting inoculum, climate change effects will likely be greater on the pathogenic rather than on the saprophytic phase. Although the mechanisms by which abiotic stress influences wheat defences against Fusarium species are unknown, available data would suggest that wheat may be more susceptible to Fusarium infection under future climate conditions. Additional research in this area should be a priority so that breeding efforts and climate resilient management strategies can be developed.

scholarly journals Analysis of Fusarium graminearum Species Complex from Freshly Harvested Rice in Jiangsu Province (China)

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 2138-2143
Author(s):  
Fei Dong ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Jian Hong Xu ◽  
Jian Rong Shi ◽  
Yin-Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
Dark Staining ◽  
Major Pathogens

Members of Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) are the major pathogens that cause Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereals worldwide. Symptoms of FHB on rice, including dark staining or browning of rice glumes, were recently observed in Jiangsu Province, China. To improve our understanding of the pathogens involved, 201 FGSC isolates were obtained from freshly harvested rice samples and identified by phylogenetic analyses. Among the 201 FGSC isolates, 196 were F. asiaticum and the remaining 5 were F. graminearum. Trichothecene chemotype and chemical analyses showed that 68.4% of the F. asiaticum isolates were the 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON) chemotype and the remainder were the nivalenol (NIV) chemotype. All of the F. graminearum isolates were the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol chemotype. Pathogenicity assays showed that both the 3ADON and NIV chemotypes of F. asiaticum could infect wheat and rice spikes. FHB severity and trichothecene toxin analysis revealed that F. asiaticum with the NIV chemotype was less aggressive than that with the 3ADON chemotype in wheat, while the NIV-producing strains were more virulent than the 3ADON-producing strains in rice. F. asiaticum isolates with different chemotypes did not show significant differences in mycelial growth, sporulation, conidial dimensions, or perithecial production. These findings would provide useful information for developing management strategies for the control of FHB in China.

scholarly journals A Rare Thioquinolobactin Siderophore Present in a Bioactive Pseudomonas sp. DTU12.1

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3529-3533
Author(s):  
Pavelas Sazinas ◽  
Morten Lindqvist Hansen ◽  
May Iren Aune ◽  
Marie Højmark Fischer ◽  
Lars Jelsbak
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Evolutionary Origins

Abstract Many of the soil-dwelling Pseudomonas species are known to produce secondary metabolite compounds, which can have antagonistic activity against other microorganisms, including important plant pathogens. It is thus of importance to isolate new strains of Pseudomonas and discover novel or rare gene clusters encoding bioactive products. In an effort to accomplish this, we have isolated a bioactive Pseudomonas strain DTU12.1 from leaf-covered soil in Denmark. Following genome sequencing with Illumina and Oxford Nanopore technologies, we generated a complete genome sequence with the length of 5,943,629 base pairs. The DTU12.1 strain contained a complete gene cluster for a rare thioquinolobactin siderophore, which was previously described as possessing bioactivity against oomycetes and several fungal species. We placed the DTU12.1 strain within Pseudomonas gessardii subgroup of fluorescent pseudomonads, where it formed a distinct clade with other Pseudomonas strains, most of which also contained a complete thioquinolobactin gene cluster. Only two other Pseudomonas strains were found to contain the gene cluster, though they were present in a different phylogenetic clade and were missing a transcriptional regulator of the whole cluster. We show that having the complete genome sequence and establishing phylogenetic relationships with other strains can enable us to start evaluating the distribution and evolutionary origins of secondary metabolite clusters.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analyses of the Fusarium graminearum species complex isolated from soybean in Argentina and Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Chiotta ◽  
M. S. Alaniz Zanon ◽  
G. Giaj-Merlera ◽  
D. Tessmann ◽  
G. G. Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex
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