scholarly journals Pancrustacean Evolution Illuminated by Taxon-Rich Genomic-Scale Data Sets with an Expanded Remipede Sampling

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2055-2070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Lozano-Fernandez ◽  
Mattia Giacomelli ◽  
James F Fleming ◽  
Albert Chen ◽  
Jakob Vinther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Genomic Scale ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Scale Data ◽  
Anamorphic Development

Abstract The relationships of crustaceans and hexapods (Pancrustacea) have been much discussed and partially elucidated following the emergence of phylogenomic data sets. However, major uncertainties still remain regarding the position of iconic taxa such as Branchiopoda, Copepoda, Remipedia, and Cephalocarida, and the sister group relationship of hexapods. We assembled the most taxon-rich phylogenomic pancrustacean data set to date and analyzed it using a variety of methodological approaches. We prioritized low levels of missing data and found that some clades were consistently recovered independently of the analytical approach used. These include, for example, Oligostraca and Altocrustacea. Substantial support was also found for Allotriocarida, with Remipedia as the sister of Hexapoda (i.e., Labiocarida), and Branchiopoda as the sister of Labiocarida, a clade that we name Athalassocarida (=”nonmarine shrimps”). Within Allotriocarida, Cephalocarida was found as the sister of Athalassocarida. Finally, moderate support was found for Hexanauplia (Copepoda as sister to Thecostraca) in alliance with Malacostraca. Mapping key crustacean tagmosis patterns and developmental characters across the revised phylogeny suggests that the ancestral pancrustacean was relatively short-bodied, with extreme body elongation and anamorphic development emerging later in pancrustacean evolution.

scholarly journals Three Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Orestes guangxiensis, Peruphasma schultei, and Phryganistria guangxiensis (Insecta: Phasmatodea) and Their Phylogeny

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke-Ke Xu ◽  
Qing-Ping Chen ◽  
Sam Pedro Galilee Ayivi ◽  
Jia-Yin Guan ◽  
Kenneth B. Storey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Stick Insects ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genomes

Insects of the order Phasmatodea are mainly distributed in the tropics and subtropics and are best known for their remarkable camouflage as plants. In this study, we sequenced three complete mitochondrial genomes from three different families: Orestes guangxiensis, Peruphasma schultei, and Phryganistria guangxiensis. The lengths of the three mitochondrial genomes were 15,896 bp, 16,869 bp, and 17,005 bp, respectively, and the gene composition and structure of the three stick insects were identical to those of the most recent common ancestor of insects. The phylogenetic relationships among stick insects have been chaotic for a long time. In order to discuss the intra- and inter-ordinal relationship of Phasmatodea, we used the 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) of 85 species for maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses. Results showed that the internal topological structure of Phasmatodea had a few differences in both ML and BI trees and long-branch attraction (LBA) appeared between Embioptera and Zoraptera, which led to a non-monophyletic Phasmatodea. Consequently, after removal of the Embioptera and Zoraptera species, we re-performed ML and BI analyses with the remaining 81 species, which showed identical topology except for the position of Tectarchus ovobessus (Phasmatodea). We recovered the monophyly of Phasmatodea and the sister-group relationship between Phasmatodea and Mantophasmatodea. Our analyses also recovered the monophyly of Heteropterygidae and the paraphyly of Diapheromeridae, Phasmatidae, Lonchodidae, Lonchodinae, and Clitumninae. In this study, Peruphasma schultei (Pseudophasmatidae), Phraortes sp. YW-2014 (Lonchodidae), and species of Diapheromeridae clustered into the clade of Phasmatidae. Within Heteropterygidae, O. guangxiensis was the sister clade to O. mouhotii belonging to Dataminae, and the relationship of (Heteropteryginae + (Dataminae + Obriminae)) was recovered.

The phylogenetic position of the tuatara, Sphenodon (Sphenodontida, Amniota), as indicated by cladistic analysis of the ultrastructure of spermatozoa

1992 ◽  
Vol 335 (1274) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Usual Concept ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Relationship Of

Sphenodon has traditionally been regarded as a little changed survivor of the Permo-Triassic thecodont or eosuchian ‘stem reptiles’ but has alternatively been placed in the Lepidosauria as the plesiomorphic or even apomorphic sister-taxon of the squamates. A cladistic analysis of 16 characters from spermatozoal ultrastructure of Sphenodon and other amniotes unequivocally confirms its exceedingly primitive status. The analysis suggests that monotremes are the sister-group of birds; squamates form the sister-group of a bird + monotreme clade while the three sister-groups successively below the bird + monotreme + squa- mate assemblage are the caiman, the tuatara and the outgroup (turtles). The monotreme + bird couplet, supports the concept of the Haemothermia, but can only be regarded heuristically. The usual concept of mammals as a synapsid-derived outgroup of all other extant amniotes is not substantiated spermatologically. All cladistic analyses made, and a separate consideration of apomorphies, indicate that Sphenodon is spermatologically the most primitive amniote, excepting the Chelonia. It is advanced (apomorphic) for the amniotes in only two of the 16 spermatozoal characters considered. A close, sister-group relationship of Sphenodon with squamates is not endorsed.

The phylogenetic relationships of the two-winged South American Leptophlebiidae genera revisited with first description of the male imago of Bessierus Thomas & Orth (Insecta: Ephemeroptera)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4674 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-385
Author(s):  
EDUARDO DOMÍNGUEZ ◽  
MARÍA GABRIELA CUEZZO ◽  
SIMÓN CLAVIER
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
South American ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
New Information ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
The Stability ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time

Four of the 43 genera of South American Leptophlebiidae are dipterous. A previous phylogenetic hypothesis supported that clade Askola+Hagenulopsis, and that Bessierus+Perissophlebiodes, are sister groups of the Farrodes complex. Adults of Bessierus and Perissophlebiodes were not known but posteriorly Perissophlebiodes male imago was described. Here, we describe the male imago of Bessierus for the first time. Both genera share, besides the absence of the hind wings, the asymmetrical fork of MA, symmetrical fork of MP, dissimilar tarsal claws, and forceps sockets fused. Along with the description of the imago, a new diagnosis for the genus Bessierus is presented, also updating the identification key with this new information. A new cladistics analysis is performed to test the stability of the proposed relationships of these four genera within Leptophlebiidae. We obtained a single cladistic hypothesis where the addition of Bessierus adult characters resulted in new synapomorphies for the (Bessierus, Perissophlebiodes) clade, and improved its clade statistical support. The fused forceps sockets resulted in a synapomorphy uniting Bessierus, Perissophlebiodes and Simothraulopsis. As a result of this new analysis, the hypothesis of independent losses of the hind wings in the two dipterous groups studied is supported. The Farrodes lineage is not supported as proposed in previous studies, being restricted only to (Farrodes (Simothraulopsis, Homothraulus)) while the identity of “Perissophlebiodes lineage” is supported. The sister group relationship of Rondophlebia is not clearly defined. 

scholarly journals Using target enrichment sequencing to study the higher-level phylogeny of the largest lichen-forming fungi family: Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota)

IMA Fungus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Grewe ◽  
Claudio Ametrano ◽  
Todd J. Widhelm ◽  
Steven Leavitt ◽  
Isabel Distefano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Sets ◽  
Target Enrichment ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Reduced Genome ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Genome Scale ◽  
Scale Data ◽  
Promising Avenue

AbstractParmeliaceae is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi with a worldwide distribution. We used a target enrichment data set and a qualitative selection method for 250 out of 350 genes to infer the phylogeny of the major clades in this family including 81 taxa, with both subfamilies and all seven major clades previously recognized in the subfamily Parmelioideae. The reduced genome-scale data set was analyzed using concatenated-based Bayesian inference and two different Maximum Likelihood analyses, and a coalescent-based species tree method. The resulting topology was strongly supported with the majority of nodes being fully supported in all three concatenated-based analyses. The two subfamilies and each of the seven major clades in Parmelioideae were strongly supported as monophyletic. In addition, most backbone relationships in the topology were recovered with high nodal support. The genus Parmotrema was found to be polyphyletic and consequently, it is suggested to accept the genus Crespoa to accommodate the species previously placed in Parmotrema subgen. Crespoa. This study demonstrates the power of reduced genome-scale data sets to resolve phylogenetic relationships with high support. Due to lower costs, target enrichment methods provide a promising avenue for phylogenetic studies including larger taxonomic/specimen sampling than whole genome data would allow.

scholarly journals Inheritance and diversification of symbiotic trichonymphid flagellates from a common ancestor of termites and the cockroach Cryptocercus

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (1655) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moriya Ohkuma ◽  
Satoko Noda ◽  
Yuichi Hongoh ◽  
Christine A Nalepa ◽  
Tetsushi Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Cryptocercus Punctulatus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Cryptocercus cockroaches and lower termites harbour obligate, diverse and unique symbiotic cellulolytic flagellates in their hindgut that are considered critical in the development of social behaviour in their hosts. However, there has been controversy concerning the origin of these symbiotic flagellates. Here, molecular sequences encoding small subunit rRNA and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were identified in the symbiotic flagellates of the order Trichonymphida (phylum Parabasalia) in the gut of Cryptocercus punctulatus and compared phylogenetically to the corresponding species in termites. In each of the monophyletic lineages that represent family-level groups in Trichonymphida, the symbionts of Cryptocercus were robustly sister to those of termites. Together with the recent evidence for the sister-group relationship of the host insects, this first comprehensive study comparing symbiont molecular phylogeny strongly suggests that a set of symbiotic flagellates representative of extant diversity was already established in an ancestor common to Cryptocercus and termites, was vertically transmitted to their offspring, and subsequently became diversified to distinct levels, depending on both the host and the symbiont lineages.

Phylogenetic relationships of the subfamily Pyrgulinae (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) with emphasis on the genus Dianella Gude, 1913

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 891 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szarowska ◽  
Andrzej Falniowski ◽  
FRANK Riedel ◽  
Thomas Wilke
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Character Evolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anatomical Characters

The phylogenetic position of the subfamily Pyrgulinae within the superfamily Rissooidea has been discussed very controversially. Different data sets not only led to different evolutionary scenarios but also to different systematic classifications of the taxon. The present study uses detailed anatomical data for two pyrgulinid taxa, the type species of the subfamily, Pyrgula annulata (Linnaeus, 1767), and the type species of the little known genus Dianella, D. thiesseana (Kobelt, 1878), as well as DNA sequencing data of three gene fragments from representatives of eight rissooidean families to A) infer the phylogenetic position of Pyrgulinae with emphasis on its relationships within the family Hydrobiidae, B) to study the degree of concordance between anatomyand DNAbased phylogenies and C) to trace the evolution of anatomical characters along a multi-gene molecular phylogeny to find the anatomical characters that might be informative for future cladistic analyses. Both anatomical and molecular data sets indicate either a very close or even sister-group relationship of Pyrgulinae and Hydrobiinae. However, there are major conflicts between the two data sets on and above the family level. Notably, Hydrobiidae is not monophyletic in the anatomical analysis. The reconstruction of anatomical character evolution indicates that many of the characters on which the European hydrobioid taxonomy is primarily based upon are problematic. The inability to clearly separate some hydrobiids from other distinct families based on those characters might explain why until only a few years ago, "Hydrobiidae" was a collecting box for numerous rissooidean taxa (mostly species with shells small and lacking any characteristic features). The present study not only stresses the need for comprehensive molecular studies of rissooidean taxa, it also demonstrates that much of the problems surrounding anatomical analyses in rissooidean taxa are due to the lack of comprehensive data for many representatives. In order to aid future comparativeanatomical studies and a better understanding of character evolution in the species-rich family Hydrobiidae, detailed anatomical descriptions for P. annulata and D. thiesseana are provided.Key words: Pyrgulinae, Pyrgula, Dianella, Hydrobiidae, phylogeny, DNA, anatomy, Greece

Restriction-site associated DNA sequencing supports a sister group relationship of Nigritella and Gymnadenia (Orchidaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie K. Brandrud ◽  
Ovidiu Paun ◽  
Richard Lorenz ◽  
Juliane Baar ◽  
Mikael Hedrén
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

Paraphyly of Chinese Amolops (Anura, Ranidae) and phylogenetic position of the rare Chinese frog, Amolops tormotus

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1531 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
HONG-XIA CAI ◽  
JING CHE ◽  
JUN-FENG PANG ◽  
ER-MI ZHAO ◽  
YA-PING ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Likelihood Methods ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Methods ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Relationship Of

In order to evaluate the five species groups of Chinese Amolops based on morphological characteristics, and to clarify the phylogenetic position of the concave-eared torrent frog Amolops tormotus, we investigated the phylogeny of Amolops by maximum parsimony, Bayesian Inference, and maximum likelihood methods using two mitochondrial DNA fragments (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA). Our results supported a sister group relationship of Amolops ricketti and Amolops hainanensis. However, the grouping of Amolops mantzorum and Amolops monticola needs to be resolved with more data. Amolops tormotus was nested in genus Odorrana. Thus, recognition of the A. tormotus group is unwarranted and A. tormotus should be referred to genus Odorrana as O. tormota. This species is the sister group of O. nasica plus O. versabilis. The new classification implies that the genus Wurana is to be considered as junior subjective synonym of Odorrana.

scholarly journals Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the ventral nerve cord of Remipedia (Crustacea): support for a sister group relationship of Remipedia and Hexapoda?

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Stemme ◽  
Thomas M Iliffe ◽  
Björn M von Reumont ◽  
Stefan Koenemann ◽  
Steffen Harzsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Ventral Nerve Cord ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of
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