scholarly journals Substantial Variation in the Extent of Mitochondrial Genome Fragmentation among Blood-Sucking Lice of Mammals

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1298-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haowei Jiang ◽  
Stephen C. Barker ◽  
Renfu Shao
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Sucking Lice ◽  
Genome Fragmentation

scholarly journals Frequent tRNA gene translocation towards the boundaries with control regions contributes to the highly dynamic mitochondrial genome organization of the parasitic lice of mammals

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Ge Dong ◽  
Yalun Dong ◽  
Xian-Guo Guo ◽  
Renfu Shao
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Genome Organization ◽  
Trna Gene ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Gene Translocation ◽  
Sucking Lice ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mt Genome

Abstract Background The typical single-chromosome mitochondrial (mt) genome of animals has fragmented into multiple minichromosomes in the lineage Mitodivisia, which contains most of the parasitic lice of eutherian mammals. These parasitic lice differ from each other even among congeneric species in mt karyotype, i.e. the number of minichromosomes, and the gene content and gene order in each minichromosome, which is in stark contrast to the extremely conserved single-chromosome mt genomes across most animal lineages. How fragmented mt genomes evolved is still poorly understood. We use Polyplax sucking lice as a model to investigate how tRNA gene translocation shapes the dynamic mt karyotypes. Results We sequenced the full mt genome of the Asian grey shrew louse, Polyplax reclinata. We then inferred the ancestral mt karyotype for Polyplax lice and compared it with the mt karyotypes of the three Polyplax species sequenced to date. We found that tRNA genes were entirely responsible for mt karyotype variation among these three species of Polyplax lice. Furthermore, tRNA gene translocation observed in Polyplax lice was only between different types of minichromosomes and towards the boundaries with the control region. A similar pattern of tRNA gene translocation can also been seen in other sucking lice with fragmented mt genomes. Conclusions We conclude that inter-minichromosomal tRNA gene translocation orientated towards the boundaries with the control region is a major contributing factor to the highly dynamic mitochondrial genome organization in the parasitic lice of mammals.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of the North-Central American clade of blood-sucking reduviid bugs of the tribe Triatomini (Hemiptera: Triatominae) based on the mitochondrial genome

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 104373
Author(s):  
Magali Aguilera-Uribe ◽  
Rubi Nelsi Meza-Lázaro ◽  
Troy J. Kieran ◽  
Carlos N. Ibarra-Cerdeña ◽  
Alejandro Zaldívar-Riverón
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Central American ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
American Clade ◽  
Reduviid Bugs

scholarly journals New Records of Bartonella Spp. And Rickettsia Spp. In Lice Collected From Small Rodents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asta Aleksandravičienė ◽  
Algimantas Paulauskas ◽  
Michal Stanko ◽  
Jana Fričová ◽  
Jana Radzijevskaja
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
New Records ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Sucking Lice ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Abstract Background: Lice are blood-sucking insects that are of medical and veterinary significance as parasites and vectors for various infectious agents. More than half of described blood-sucking lice species are found on rodents. Rodents are important hosts of several Bartonella and Rickettsia species and some of these pathogens are characterised as human pathogens in Europe. Rodent ectoparasites, such as fleas and ticks, are important vectors of Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia spp., but knowledge about the presence of these bacteria in lice is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Bartonella and Rickettsia bacteria in lice collected from rodents in Slovakia.Methods: The ectoparasites were collected from small rodents captured from 2010 to 2015 at four different sites in eastern Slovakia. The presence of Bartonella and Rickettsia pathogens in lice samples was screened by real-time PCR, targeting ssrA and gltA genes respectively. The molecular characterisation of the Bartonella strains was based on sequence analysis of partial rpoB and ITS genes, and of the Rickettsia species on sequence analysis of the gltA gene. Results: A total of 1074 lice of seven species were collected from six rodent species in Slovakia from 2010 to 2015. Bartonella DNA was detected in three species of lice Hoplopleura affinis (collected from Apodemus agrarius, A. flavicollis and Myodes glareolus), Polyplax serrata (from A. agrarius) and Hoplopleura sp. (from A. flavicollis). Sequence analysis revealed that the Bartonella strains belonged to the B. coopersplainsensis, B. tribocorum and B. taylorii genogroups. Rickettsia DNR was detected in H. affinis and P. serrata lice collected from A. agrarius. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of two Rickettsia species: R. helvetica and Rickettsia sp.Conclusions: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence and diversity of Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia spp. in lice collected from small rodents in Europe. This study is also the first to detect B. coopersplainsensis in Slovakia.

scholarly journals A single-cell genome reveals diplonemid-like ancestry of kinetoplastid mitochondrial gene structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1786) ◽  
pp. 20190100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy G. Wideman ◽  
Gordon Lax ◽  
Guy Leonard ◽  
David S. Milner ◽  
Raquel Rodríguez-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Rna Editing ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Rna ◽  
Genome Fragmentation ◽  
Gene Architecture ◽  
Ancestral States ◽  
Cell Genome

Euglenozoa comprises euglenids, kinetoplastids, and diplonemids, with each group exhibiting different and highly unusual mitochondrial genome organizations. Although they are sister groups, kinetoplastids and diplonemids have very distinct mitochondrial genome architectures, requiring widespread insertion/deletion RNA editing and extensive trans -splicing, respectively, in order to generate functional transcripts. The evolutionary history by which these differing processes arose remains unclear. Using single-cell genomics, followed by small sub unit ribosomal DNA and multigene phylogenies, we identified an isolated marine cell that branches on phylogenetic trees as a sister to known kinetoplastids. Analysis of single-cell amplified genomic material identified multiple mitochondrial genome contigs. These revealed a gene architecture resembling that of diplonemid mitochondria, with small fragments of genes encoded out of order and or on different contigs, indicating that these genes require extensive trans -splicing. Conversely, no requirement for kinetoplastid-like insertion/deletion RNA-editing was detected. Additionally, while we identified some proteins so far only found in kinetoplastids, we could not unequivocally identify mitochondrial RNA editing proteins. These data invite the hypothesis that extensive genome fragmentation and trans -splicing were the ancestral states for the kinetoplastid-diplonemid clade but were lost during the kinetoplastid radiation. This study demonstrates that single-cell approaches can successfully retrieve lineages that represent important new branches on the tree of life, and thus can illuminate major evolutionary and functional transitions in eukaryotes. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Single cell ecology’.

scholarly journals The Incubation Period of the Eggs of Haematopinus asini

Parasitology ◽  
1919 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 388-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bacot ◽  
L. Linzell
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Sucking Lice

Three kinds of lice are found on horses, two belonging to the Mallophaga or scale-eating lice and one to the Siphunculata or blood-sucking lice.

First molecular identification of Mycoplasma ovis and ‘Candidatus M. haemoovis’ from goat, with lack of haemoplasma PCR-positivity in lice

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sándor Hornok ◽  
István Hajtós ◽  
Marina Meli ◽  
Imre Farkas ◽  
Enikő Gönczi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Molecular Investigation ◽  
Sucking Lice

In order to investigate haemotropic Mycoplasma (formerly Eperythrozoon) infection of goats, blood samples and blood-sucking lice (Linognathus stenopsis) were collected in two goat herds. DNA was extracted from 20 blood samples and from 49 lice allocated to six pools according to host individuals. Haemoplasma infection was detected in four goats by real-time PCR. From the sample with the highest bacterial load the simultaneous presence of M. ovis and ‘Candidatus M. haemoovis’ was demonstrated by cloning and sequencing. Louse pools were haemoplasma negative, including those from bacteraemic animals. However, not only were Anaplasma inclusion bodies seen in blood smears from goats, but relevant PCR-positivity was also detected among lice. This is the first report of a molecular investigation on caprine haemoplasmas, including analysis of their bloodsucking lice. In summary, goats are susceptible to both molecularly characterised ovine haemoplasmas. On the other hand, goat sucking lice (L. stenopsis) do not appear to be potential vectors of these agents.

scholarly journals Fragmented mitochondrial genomes are present in both major clades of the blood-sucking lice (suborder Anoplura): evidence from two Hoplopleura rodent lice (family Hoplopleuridae)

BMC Genomics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Ge Dong ◽  
Simon Song ◽  
Xian-Guo Guo ◽  
Dao-Chao Jin ◽  
Qianqian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Sucking Lice

scholarly journals Variation of mitochondrial minichromosome composition in Hoplopleura lice (Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae) from rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Tian Fu ◽  
Yu Nie ◽  
De-Yong Duan ◽  
Guo-Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Illumina Platform ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sucking Lice ◽  
Mt Genome

Abstract Background: The family Hoplopleuridae contains at least 183 species of blood-sucking lice, which widely parasitize both mice and rats. Fragmented mitochondrial (mt) genomes have been reported in two rat lice (Hoplopleura kitti and H. akanezumi) from this family, but some minichromosomes were unidentified in their mt genomes.Methods: We sequenced the mt genome of the rat louse Hoplopleura sp. with an Illumina platform and compared its mt genome organization with H. kitti and H. akanezumi.Results: Fragmented mt genome of the rat louse Hoplopleura sp. contains 37 genes which are on 12 circular mt minichromosomes. Each mt minichromosome is 1.8–2.7 kb long and contains 1–5 genes and one large non-coding region. The gene content and arrangement of mt minichromosomes of Hoplopleura sp. (n = 3) and H. kitti (n = 3) are different from those in H. akanezumi (n = 3). Phylogenetic analyses based on the deduced amino acid sequences of the eight protein-coding genes showed that the Hoplopleura sp. was more closely related to H. akanezumi than to H. kitti, and then they formed a monophyletic group.Conclusions: Comparison among the three rat lice revealed variation in the composition of mt minichromosomes within the genus Hoplopleura. Hoplopleura sp. is the first species from the family Hoplopleuridae for which a complete fragmented mt genome has been sequenced. The new data provide useful genetic markers for studying the population genetics, molecular systematics and phylogenetics of blood-sucking lice.

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