scholarly journals Comparative Metagenomics and Population Dynamics of the Gut Microbiota in Mother and Infant

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parag A. Vaishampayan ◽  
Jennifer V. Kuehl ◽  
Jeffrey L. Froula ◽  
Jenna L. Morgan ◽  
Howard Ochman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Comparative Metagenomics

scholarly journals Comparative metagenomics of the gut microbiota in wild greylag geese (Anser anser) and ruddy shelducks (Tadorna ferruginea)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e00725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Wang ◽  
Sisi Zheng ◽  
Laixing Li ◽  
Yongsheng Yang ◽  
Yingbao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Comparative Metagenomics ◽  
Greylag Geese

scholarly journals Comparative metagenomics analysis reveals how the diet shapes the gut microbiota in several small mammals

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengjun Li ◽  
Shengzhi Yang ◽  
Linwan Zhang ◽  
Lu Qiao ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Comparative Metagenomics ◽  
Metagenomics Analysis

scholarly journals Interspecies comparative metagenomics reveals correlated gut microbiome functional capacities among vertebrates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Gaulke ◽  
Courtney R. Armour ◽  
Ian R. Humphreys ◽  
Laura M. Beaver ◽  
Carrie L. Barton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Comparative Metagenomics ◽  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
History Of

AbstractWhile recent research reveals that the gut microbiome drives vertebrate health, little is known about whether the mechanisms these microbes employ to interact with physiology are consistent across host species. To help close this knowledge gap, we compared gut metagenomes across 10 vertebrate species, including biomedical animal models, to define the inter-species variation in the biochemical pathways encoded by gut microbiota. Doing so revealed gut-enriched pathways conserved across vertebrates, as well as pathways that vary concordantly with host evolutionary history. Overall, the functional capacity of the non-human gut microbiome generally reflects that of humans, though a subset of the pathways encoded by human gut microbiota are not well represented in non-human microbiomes. Collectively, these results support the use of animal models to study the mechanisms through which gut microbes impact human health, but suggest that researchers should cautiously consider which model will optimally represent a specific mechanism of interest.SignificanceEfforts to understand how the gut microbiome interacts with human physiology frequently relies on the use of animal models. However, it is generally not understood if the biochemical pathways encoded in gut microbiomes of these different animal models – which define the routes of interaction between gut microbes and their hosts – reflect those found in the human gut. To address this question, we compared gut metagenomes generated 10 different vertebrate lineages. In so doing, our study revealed that non-human gut metagenomes generally encode a set of pathways that are consistent with those found in the human gut. However, some human metagenome pathways are poorly represented in non-human guts, including pathways implicated in disease. Moreover, our analysis identified pathways that appear to be conserved across vertebrates, as well as pathways that are linked to the evolutionary history of their hosts, observations that hold potential to clarify the basis for phylosymbiosis.

Folate and vitamin B-12 deficiencies additively impaired memory function and disturbed the gut microbiota in amyloid-β infused rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunmin Park ◽  
Sunna Kang ◽  
Da Sol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Impaired Memory ◽  
Ca1 Region ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12

Abstract. Folate and vitamin B12(V-B12) deficiencies are associated with metabolic diseases that may impair memory function. We hypothesized that folate and V-B12 may differently alter mild cognitive impairment, glucose metabolism, and inflammation by modulating the gut microbiome in rats with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like dementia. The hypothesis was examined in hippocampal amyloid-β infused rats, and its mechanism was explored. Rats that received an amyloid-β(25–35) infusion into the CA1 region of the hippocampus were fed either control(2.5 mg folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-CON, n = 10), no folate(0 folate plus 25 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FA, n = 10), no V-B12(2.5 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-V-B12, n = 10), or no folate plus no V-B12(0 mg folate plus 0 μg V-B12/kg diet; AD-FAB12, n = 10) in high-fat diets for 8 weeks. AD-FA and AD-VB12 exacerbated bone mineral loss in the lumbar spine and femur whereas AD-FA lowered lean body mass in the hip compared to AD-CON(P < 0.05). Only AD-FAB12 exacerbated memory impairment by 1.3 and 1.4 folds, respectively, as measured by passive avoidance and water maze tests, compared to AD-CON(P < 0.01). Hippocampal insulin signaling and neuroinflammation were attenuated in AD-CON compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-FAB12 impaired the signaling (pAkt→pGSK-3β) and serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels the most among all groups. AD-CON decreased glucose tolerance by increasing insulin resistance compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-VB12 and AD-FAB12 increased insulin resistance by 1.2 and 1.3 folds, respectively, compared to the AD-CON. AD-CON and Non-AD-CON had a separate communities of gut microbiota. The relative counts of Bacteroidia were lower and those of Clostridia were higher in AD-CON than Non-AD-CON. AD-FA, but not V-B12, separated the gut microbiome community compared to AD-CON and AD-VB12(P = 0.009). In conclusion, folate and B-12 deficiencies impaired memory function by impairing hippocampal insulin signaling and gut microbiota in AD rats.

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