scholarly journals Application of electronic nose and GC–MS for detection of strawberries with vibrational damage

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
Jingshan Rao ◽  
Yuchen Zhang ◽  
Zhichao Yang ◽  
Shaojia Li ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Correct Answer ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Vibration Treatment ◽  
Volatile Substances ◽  
Good Classification ◽  
The Future ◽  
Vibration Time ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Objectives This study evaluated the potential of using electronic nose (e-nose) technology to non-destructively detect strawberry fruits with vibrational damage based on their volatile substances (VOCs). Materials and methods Four groups of strawberries with different durations of vibrations (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 h) were prepared, and their e-nose signals were collected at 0, 1, 2, and 3 days after vibration treatment. Results The results showed that when the samples from all four sampling days during storage were used for modelling, both the levels of vibrational damage and the day after the damage happened were accurately predicted. The best models had residual prediction deviation values of 2.984 and 5.478. The discrimination models for damaged strawberries also obtained good classification results, with an average correct answer rate of calibration and prediction of 99.24%. When the samples from each sampling day or vibration time were used for modelling, better results were obtained, but these models were not suitable for an actual situation. The gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry results showed that the VOCs of the strawberries varied after experiencing vibrations, which was the basis for e-nose detection. Limitations The changes in VOCs released by other forces should be studied in the future. Conclusions The above results showed the potential use of e-nose technology to detect strawberries that have suffered vibrational damage.

scholarly journals Rapid and Non-Destructive Detection of Compression Damage of Yellow Peach Using an Electronic Nose and Chemometrics

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangzheng Yang ◽  
Jiahui Chen ◽  
Lianwen Jia ◽  
Wangqing Yu ◽  
Da Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Correct Answer ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Spectral Imaging ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Compression Damage

The rapid and non-destructive detection of mechanical damage to fruit during postharvest supply chains is important for monitoring fruit deterioration in time and optimizing freshness preservation and packaging strategies. As fruit is usually packed during supply chain operations, it is difficult to detect whether it has suffered mechanical damage by visual observation and spectral imaging technologies. In this study, based on the volatile substances (VOCs) in yellow peaches, the electronic nose (e-nose) technology was applied to non-destructively predict the levels of compression damage in yellow peaches, discriminate the damaged fruit and predict the time after the damage. A comparison of the models, established based on the samples at different times after damage, was also carried out. The results show that, at 24 h after damage, the correct answer rate for identifying the damaged fruit was 93.33%, and the residual predictive deviation in predicting the levels of compression damage and the time after the damage, was 2.139 and 2.114, respectively. The results of e-nose and gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC–MS) showed that the VOCs changed after being compressed—this was the basis of the e-nose detection. Therefore, the e-nose is a promising candidate for the detection of compression damage in yellow peach.

Electronic Nose analysis of milk from cows grazing on two different Alpine vegetation types

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Falchero ◽  
Giacomo Sala ◽  
Alessandra Gorlier ◽  
Giampiero Lombardi ◽  
Michele Lonati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Good Classification ◽  
Animal Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Origin ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

The nutritional distinctiveness of pasture-fed dairy products is mainly influenced by the transfer of specific chemical compounds from the grass to the milk and by their effect on rumen microflora and animal metabolism. Thus, the pasture-fed origin has to be objectively proven, using fast and reproducible analytical methods applied to finished products, in order to protect consumers against potential frauds. In this work, Electronic Nose patterns of Alpine milks produced by cows grazingTrifolium alpinumandFestuca nigrescenspasture types have been examined, in order to test the potential use of this device for routine control analyses of the botanical origin of milk and dairy products. The data have been treated with different multivariate analyses (MANOVA, LDA) and chemometrics (MPLS). The results allow a very good classification of the milks, according to the two treatments. Such results demonstrate that this device could be successfully applied to PDO dairy products food chain as a tool for the determination of their dietary origin.

Mathematical Texts (I): The Mathematical Training of Scribes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Imhausen
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Mathematics ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Mathematical Procedure ◽  
The Future ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Mathematical Texts

This chapter discusses mathematical texts that originated from the Middle Kingdom. While this may well be caused by the vagaries of preservation, it might be that it reflects the actual situation, that is, that mathematical texts of the kind that we have from the Middle Kingdom did not exist in earlier periods. With the reestablishment of central power by the king in the Middle Kingdom also came about a complete new organization of the administrative apparatus that was designed to be much less independent than it had been at the end of the Old Kingdom. And this may well have entailed the organization of teaching mathematics to the future scribes in a centrally organized style, with prescribed problems and their solutions. The chapter considers extant hieratic mathematical texts, mathematical procedure texts, and types of mathematical problems.

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