Carbon Mineralization and Inorganic Nitrogen Pools under Terminalia chebula Retz.-Based Agroforestry System in Himalayan Foothills, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 634-643
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Gopal Krishna Dwivedi ◽  
Salil Tewari ◽  
Jai Paul ◽  
Rahul Anand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Himalayan Foothills

Abstract Soil organic matter is major terrestrial pool for soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), and their decomposition is sensitive to vegetation and climate change. Integrated nutrient management (INM) deals with the combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manures for nutritional requirement of crops and avoid the adverse effect of long-term application of chemical fertilizer on crop production and their sustainability. The present study was carried out to investigate the influence of different nutrient sources on soil C mineralization and inorganic N pools in a Terminalia chebula Retz, based on a agroforestry system. The results showed that the highest CO2 evolution was recorded in 100 percent INM and minimum in farmyard manure treatment after 120 days of incubation. Inorganic N was higher under the agroforestry system than under the open system. Among the different nutrient sources, the highest inorganic N was recorded in a 100 percent INM nutrient source and minimal in wheat straw treatment. The yield of turmeric was higher under the T. chebula-based agroforestry system (20.87 t ha–1) than under the open system (19.27 t ha–1). Results suggest that agroforestry systems using the INM approach can enhance C mineralization and inorganic N concentration with improved crop productivity in the Himalayan foothills. Study Implications: Fertilizer has been used since ancient times, and if well managed it can be an asset, promoting sustainable agriculture and increasing crop production, particularly for smallholder farmers in the Himalayan region of India. We compared fertilizer application practices under an agroforestry system in a representative Himalayan region of India. The majority of farmers in the region of the Himalayan foothills having marginal land and they are not able to produce optimum food grains for their requirement. However, their demands are increasing day by day, so to fulfill their demand, they have to adopt agroforestry. Agroforestry may be fulfilling their demand in terms of food, fuel, fodder, and other intangible benefits. Moreover, to increase the production under agroforestry, we have to apply organic and inorganic fertilizer in the soil either as the sole application or as a combination of these fertilizers. The application of these fertilizers will improve the productivity and fertility of land, especially carbon mineralization and inorganic nitrogen. These two soil properties are important to study because these are limiting to land productivity. In addition, efforts to improve integrated nutrient management in the Himalayan region of India would strengthen farmers’ incomes by strengthening land fertility and productivity. The rapid increase in human population over the last century is putting a massive pressure on existing resources, namely soil and water, resulting in environmental degradation in some regions around the world. As productive land becomes scarce, marginalized farmers are pushed into fragile croplands and forest lands unsuitable for modern agriculture which, in turn, is vulnerable, to degradation. If the present trend in population growth persists, pasture and forest lands will be further reduced (Satterthwaite et al. 2010). At this stage, the value of growing trees becomes more significant, and participation in tree planting schemes should be encouraged. However, this option is most feasible when combined with agriculture. As a result, agroforestry is an important management strategy that not only helps to meet the world food requirements but also helps to protect soil from degradation (Ram et al. 2017) and can enhance soil organic matter levels by adding the quantity of above- and below-ground organic matter inputs to soils (Nair et al. 2009, Marone et al. 2017).

scholarly journals EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY OF MAJOR NUTRIENTS: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (No 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barkha . ◽  
Ananya Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Organic Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is an important concept in the evaluation of crop production systems. With emerging nutrient deficiencies under intensive agriculture, there is a need to improve NUE. One of the approaches to enhance it is by judicious use of fertilizers (adequate rate, effective source, methods and time of application) as well as inclusion of organic manures. Organic nutrient sources are very effective but as their availability is not sufficient to meet the nutrient demand, we have to integrate both organic and inorganic sources of nutrients together in order to achieve higher NUE. Common measures of NUE include Partial Factor Productivity (PFP), Agronomic Efficiency (AE), Apparent Recovery Efficiency (RE), Physiological Efficiency (PE) and Internal Utilization Efficiency (IE). Mineral Fertilizer Equivalent (MFE) is another parameter that can be used to assess short term release of nutrients (mainly nitrogen) from organic nutrient sources

scholarly journals Effects of Municipal Solid Waste Compost Supplemented with Inorganic Nitrogen on Physicochemical Soil Characteristics, Plant Growth, Nitrate Content, and Antioxidant Activity in Spinach

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Rui Machado ◽  
Isabel Alves-Pereira ◽  
Miguel Robalo ◽  
Rui Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Compost ◽  
Fertilized Soil

In this study, we evaluated the effects of municipal solid waste compost supplemented with inorganic N on the physicochemical properties of soil, plant growth, nitrate concentration, and antioxidant activity in spinach. Experiments were carried out in neutral and acidic soils that were low in organic matter. A fertilized soil was used as a control, while four compost treatments—two compost rates of 35 and 70 t ha−1, supplemented or not with inorganic N (92 kg N ha−1 as Ca (NO3)2)—were applied by fertigation. The addition of compost increased the soil organic matter content and pH in both soils. The compost supplementation with N greatly increased the shoot dry weight and spinach fresh yield by nearly 109%. With the highest compost rate and 43% N applied, the yield increased in both soils, similar to results obtained in fertilized soil (3.8 kg m−2). The combined application of compost and N could replace inorganic P and K fertilization to a significant extent. The compost application at both rates and in both soils considerably decreased shoot Mn concentrations.

scholarly journals Inorganic Nitrogen Production and Removal along the Sediment Gradient of a Stormwater Infiltration Basin

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Qianyao Si ◽  
Mary G. Lusk ◽  
Patrick W. Inglett
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Stormwater Infiltration

Stormwater infiltration basins (SIBs) are vegetated depressions that collect stormwater and allow it to infiltrate to underlying groundwater. Their pollutant removal efficiency is affected by the properties of the soils in which they are constructed. We assessed the soil nitrogen (N) cycle processes that produce and remove inorganic N in two urban SIBs, with the goal of further understanding the mechanisms that control N removal efficiency. We measured net N mineralization, nitrification, and potential denitrification in wet and dry seasons along a sedimentation gradient in two SIBs in the subtropical Tampa, Florida urban area. Net N mineralization was higher in the wet season than in the dry season; however, nitrification was higher in the dry season, providing a pool of highly mobile nitrate that would be susceptible to leaching during periodic dry season storms or with the onset of the following wet season. Denitrification decreased along the sediment gradient from the runoff inlet zone (up to 5.2 μg N/g h) to the outermost zone (up to 3.5 μg N/g h), providing significant spatial variation in inorganic N removal for the SIBs. Sediment accumulating around the inflow areas likely provided a carbon source, as well as maintained stable anaerobic conditions, which would enhance N removal.

scholarly journals Describing Phosphorus Sorption Processes on Volcanic Soil in the Presence of Copper or Silver Engineered Nanoparticles

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Jonathan Suazo-Hernández ◽  
Erwin Klumpp ◽  
Nicolás Arancibia-Miranda ◽  
Patricia Poblete-Grant ◽  
Alejandra Jara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Phosphorus Sorption

Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) present in consumer products are being released into the agricultural systems. There is little information about the direct effect of ENPs on phosphorus (P) availability, which is an essential nutrient for crop growthnaturally occurring in agricultural soils. The present study examined the effect of 1, 3, and 5% doses of Cu0 or Ag0 ENPs stabilized with L-ascorbic acid (suspension pH 2–3) on P ad- and desorption in an agricultural Andisol with total organic matter (T-OM) and with partial removal of organic matter (R-OM) by performing batch experiments. Our results showed that the adsorption kinetics data of H2PO4− on T-OM and R-OM soil samples with and without ENPs were adequately described by the pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Elovich models. The adsorption isotherm data of H2PO4− from T-OM and R-OM soil samples following ENPs addition were better fitted by the Langmuir model than the Freundlich model. When the Cu0 or Ag0 ENPs doses were increased, the pH value decreased and H2PO4− adsorption increased on T-OM and R-OM. The H2PO4− desorption (%) was lower with Cu0 ENPs than Ag0 ENPs. Overall, the incorporation of ENPs into Andisols generated an increase in P retention, which may affect agricultural crop production.

scholarly journals Compost as an Option for Sustainable Crop Production at Low Stocking Rates in Organic Farming

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1078
Author(s):  
Christopher Brock ◽  
Meike Oltmanns ◽  
Christoph Matthes ◽  
Ben Schmehe ◽  
Harald Schaaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
Stocking Rates

Mixed-crop-livestock farms offer the best conditions for sustainable nutrient management in organic farming. However, if stocking rates are too low, sustainability might be threatened. Therefore, we studied the development of soil organic matter and nutrients as well as crop yields over the first course of a new long-term field experiment with a mimicked cattle stocking rate of 0.6 LU ha−1, which is the actual average stocking rate for organic farms in Germany. In the experiment, we tested the effects of additional compost application to improve organic matter supply to soils, and further, potassium sulfate fertilization for an improved nutrition of fodder legumes. Compost was made from internal resources of the farm (woody material from hedge-cutting). Soil organic matter and nutrient stocks decreased in the control treatment, even though yield levels, and thus nutrient exports, were comparably low. With compost application, soil organic matter and nutrient exports could be compensated for. At the same time, the yields increased but stayed at a moderate level. Potassium sulfate fertilization further improved N yields. We conclude that compost from internal resources is a viable solution to facilitate sustainable organic crop production at low stocking rates. However, we are aware that this option does not solve the basic problem of open nutrient cycles on the farm gate level.

Seafood processing wastes as nutrient sources for crop production

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A MacLeod ◽  
S. Kuo ◽  
T L Gallant ◽  
M. Grimmett
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Processing Wastes ◽  
Crop Nutrients ◽  
Seafood Processing

Large quantities of wastes are generated in the processing of seafood such as shellfish, crustaceans and finfish. These materials contain appreciable amounts of plant nutrients which may be useful in cropping programs. Under some conditions the waste materials can be directly applied to soil but in other situations stabilization may be necessary. The method of stabilization will influence the availability of nutrients in various cropping programs. Composting with wood can effectively stabilize the waste but the slow mineralization of organic N can limit the usefulness of the compost. Combining the waste with calcium oxide (CaO) or hydrated lime [Ca(OH)2] can produce a stable material with good nutrient availability. If application rates of various wastes are based on their nutrient content, the nutrient requirement of specific crops, and the heavy metal concentrations, then potential environmental problems associated with excess nutrient and heavy metal loadings can be minimized. Application of these materials to land can effectively supply nutrients to crops and minimize environmental damage due to inappropriate methods of disposal. Key words:Seafood waste, composting, lime stabilization, crop nutrients

scholarly journals Atmospheric inorganic nitrogen input via dry, wet, and sea fog deposition to the subarctic western North Pacific Ocean

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jung ◽  
H. Furutani ◽  
M. Uematsu ◽  
S. Kim ◽  
S. Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Fog Water ◽  
Western North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Sea Fog ◽  
Fog Deposition

Abstract. Aerosol, rainwater, and sea fog water samples were collected during the cruise conducted over the subarctic western North Pacific Ocean in the summer of 2008, in order to estimate dry, wet, and sea fog deposition fluxes of atmospheric inorganic nitrogen (N). During sea fog events, mean number densities of particles with diameters larger than 0.5 μm decreased by 12–78%, suggesting that particles with diameters larger than 0.5 μm could act preferentially as condensation nuclei (CN) for sea fog droplets. Mean concentrations of nitrate (NO3−), methanesulfonic acid (MSA), and non sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO42−) in sea fog water were higher than those in rainwater, whereas those of ammonium (NH4+) in both sea fog water and rainwater were similar. These results reveal that sea fog scavenged NO3− and biogenic sulfur species more efficiently than rain. Mean dry, wet, and sea fog deposition fluxes for atmospheric total inorganic N (TIN; i.e. NH4+ + NO3−) over the subarctic western North Pacific Ocean were estimated to be 4.9 μmol m−2 d−1, 33 μmol m−2 d−1, and 7.8 μmol m−2 d−1, respectively. While NO3− was the dominant inorganic N species in dry and sea fog deposition, inorganic N supplied to surface waters by wet deposition was predominantly by NH4+. The contribution of dry, wet, and sea fog deposition to total deposition flux for TIN (46 μmol m−2 d−1) were 11%, 72%, and 17%, respectively, suggesting that ignoring sea fog deposition would lead to underestimate of the total influx of atmospheric inorganic N into the subarctic western North Pacific Ocean, especially in summer periods.

scholarly journals Biogeochemical Regimes in Shallow Aquifers Reflect the Metabolic Coupling of the Elements Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Carbon

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Eric Wegner ◽  
Michael Gaspar ◽  
Patricia Geesink ◽  
Martina Herrmann ◽  
Manja Marz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Monitoring Wells

ABSTRACTNear-surface groundwaters are prone to receive (in)organic matter input from their recharge areas and are known to harbor autotrophic microbial communities linked to nitrogen and sulfur metabolism. Here, we use multi-omic profiling to gain holistic insights into the turnover of inorganic nitrogen compounds, carbon fixation processes, and organic matter processing in groundwater. We sampled microbial biomass from two superimposed aquifers via monitoring wells that follow groundwater flow from its recharge area through differences in hydrogeochemical settings and land use. Functional profiling revealed that groundwater microbiomes are mainly driven by nitrogen (nitrification, denitrification, and ammonium oxidation [anammox]) and to a lesser extent sulfur cycling (sulfur oxidation and sulfate reduction), depending on local hydrochemical differences. Surprisingly, the differentiation potential of the groundwater microbiome surpasses that of hydrochemistry for individual monitoring wells. Being dominated by a few phyla (Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria,Planctomycetes, andThaumarchaeota), the taxonomic profiling of groundwater metagenomes and metatranscriptomes revealed pronounced differences between merely present microbiome members and those actively participating in community gene expression and biogeochemical cycling. Unexpectedly, we observed a constitutive expression of carbohydrate-active enzymes encoded by different microbiome members, along with the groundwater flow path. The turnover of organic carbon apparently complements for lithoautotrophic carbon assimilation pathways mainly used by the groundwater microbiome depending on the availability of oxygen and inorganic electron donors, like ammonium.IMPORTANCEGroundwater is a key resource for drinking water production and irrigation. The interplay between geological setting, hydrochemistry, carbon storage, and groundwater microbiome ecosystem functioning is crucial for our understanding of these important ecosystem services. We targeted the encoded and expressed metabolic potential of groundwater microbiomes along an aquifer transect that diversifies in terms of hydrochemistry and land use. Our results showed that the groundwater microbiome has a higher spatial differentiation potential than does hydrochemistry.

Soil inorganic nitrogen content in commercial potato fields in New Brunswick

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
Y. Leclerc ◽  
G. Moreau ◽  
R. Gareau ◽  
P. H. Milburn
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Information on inorganic N content in commercial potato fields in Atlantic Canada is limited. Soil inorganic N measurements were collected from 228 commercial potato fields from 1999 to 2001. Soil NO3 content to 30 cm depth at planting ranged from 2 to 124 kg N ha-1, and was generally higher for preceding potato, red clover, or hay crops compared to preceding cereal or other crops. Soil NH4 content to 30 cm depth measured at planting ranged from 3 to 64 kg N ha-1, indicating that both soil NO3 and NH4 need to be measured to assess plant-available soil N content in spring. Soil NO3 content to 30-cm depth at tuber harvest ranged from 3 to 250 kg N ha-1, generally increased with increasing fertilizer N application rate, and differed among different potato cultivars. Soil NO3 content measured to 30-cm depth in spring ranged from 3 to 100% of soil NO3 at harvest in the preceding fall, indicating that highly variable losses of soil NO3 from the root zone occur between growing seasons. Key words: Nitrate, ammonium, Solanum tuberosum L.

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