scholarly journals Management strategies for black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) in the face of climate change: climatic niche, clines, climatypes, and seed transfer

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis G. Joyce ◽  
Gerald E. Rehfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Seed Transfer ◽  
The Face

scholarly journals Bottom-Up Assessment of Climate Risk and the Robustness of Proposed Flood Management Strategies in the American River, CA

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 907
Author(s):  
Kara DiFrancesco ◽  
Alix Gitelman ◽  
David Purkey
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
American River ◽  
The Face ◽  
System Robustness

The hydrologic nonstationarity and uncertainty associated with climate change requires new decision-making methods to incorporate climate change impacts into flood frequency and flood risk analyses. To aid decision-making under climate change, we developed a bottom-up approach for assessing the performance of flood management systems under climate uncertainty and nonstationarity. The developed bottom-up approach was applied to the American River, CA, USA flood management system by first identifying the sensitivity and vulnerability of the system to different climates. To do this, we developed a climate response surface by calculating and plotting Expected Annual Damages (EAD, $/year) under different flood regimes. Next, we determined a range of plausible future climate change and flood frequency scenarios by applying Bayesian statistical methods to projected future flows derived from a Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model forced with Global Circulation Model (GCM) output. We measured system robustness as the portion of plausible future scenarios under which the current flood system could meet its performance goal. Using this approach, we then evaluated the robustness of four proposed management strategies in the 2012 Central Valley Flood Protection Plan in terms of both flood risk and cost-effectiveness, to assess the performance of the strategies in the face of climate risks. Results indicated that the high sensitivity of the expected damages to changes in flood regimes makes the system extremely vulnerable to a large portion of the plausible range of future flood conditions. The management strategy that includes a combination of nature-based flood management actions along with engineered structures yields the greatest potential to increase system robustness in terms of maintaining EAD below an acceptable risk threshold. However, this strategy still leaves the system vulnerable to a wide range of plausible future conditions. As flood frequency regimes increase in intensity from the current conditions, the cost-effectiveness of the management strategies increases, to a point, before decreasing. This bottom up analysis demonstrated a viable decision-making approach for water managers in the face of uncertain and changing future conditions. Neglecting to use such an approach and omitting climate considerations from water resource planning could lead to strategies that do not perform as expected or which actually lead to mal-adaptations, increasing vulnerability to climate change.

scholarly journals River, delta and coastal morphological response accounting for biological dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 413-420
Author(s):  
W. Goldsmith ◽  
D. Bernardi ◽  
L. Schippa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Morphological Response ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
The Face ◽  
River Training ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Biological Dynamics

Abstract. Management and construction can increase resilience in the face of climate change, and benefits can be enhanced through integration of biogenic materials including shells and vegetation. Rivers and coastal landforms are dynamic systems that respond to intentional and unintended manipulation of critical factors, often with unforeseen and/or undesirable resulting effects. River management strategies have impacts that include deltas and coastal areas which are increasingly vulnerable to climate change with reference to sea level rise and storm intensity. Whereas conventional assessment and analysis of rivers and coasts has relied on modelling of hydrology, hydraulics and sediment transport, incorporating additional biological factors can offer more comprehensive, beneficial and realistic alternatives. Suitable modelling tools can provide improved decision support. The question has been whether current models can effectively address biological responses with suitable reliability and efficiency. Since morphodynamic evolution exhibits its effects on a large timescale, the choice of mathematical model is not trivial and depends upon the availability of data, as well as the spatial extent, timelines and computation effort desired. The ultimate goal of the work is to set up a conveniently simplified river morphodynamic model, coupled with a biological dynamics plant population model able to predict the long-term evolution of large alluvial river systems managed through bioengineering. This paper presents the first step of the work related to the application of the model accounting for stationary vegetation condition. Sensitivity analysis has been performed on the main hydraulic, sedimentology, and biological parameters. The model has been applied to significant river training in Europe, Asia and North America, and comparative analysis has been used to validate analytical solutions. Data gaps and further areas for investigation are identified.

Non-uniform growth dynamics of a dominant boreal tree species (Picea mariana) in the face of rapid climate change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Elizabeth Sniderhan ◽  
Steven Mamet ◽  
Jennifer Baltzer
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
The Face ◽  
Climatic Drivers ◽  
Use Efficiency

Northwestern Canada’s boreal forest has experienced rapid warming, drying, and changes to permafrost, yet the growth responses and mechanisms driving productivity have been understudied at broad scales. Forest responses are largely driven by black spruce – the region’s most widespread and dominant tree. We collected tree-ring samples from four black spruce-dominated sites across 15° latitude, spanning gradients in climate and permafrost. We investigated (1) differences in growth patterns, (2) variations in climatic drivers of growth, and (3) trends in water use efficiency (WUE) through <sup>13</sup>C isotope analysis from 1945 – 2006. We found positive growth trends at all sites except mid-latitude, where rapid permafrost thaw drove declines. Annual growth was lowest at the tree limit site and highest at the treeline. Climatic drivers of these growth patterns varied; positive growth responses at the northerly sites were associated with warmer winters, whereas Δ<sup>13</sup>C trends and climate-growth responses at mid-latitude sites indicated growth was limited by moisture availability. Δ<sup>13</sup>C signatures indicated increased WUE at the southernmost site, with no significant trends at northern sites. These results suggest that warming will increase growth of trees at black spruce’s northern extent, but southerly areas may face drought stress if precipitation does not balance evapotranspiration.

scholarly journals Management Strategies for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Hatchery in the Face of Climate Change Induced Rising Temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
S. M. Ashiqul Alam ◽  
Md. Shirajul Islam Sarkar ◽  
Md. Mahbubul Alam Miah ◽  
Harunur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
The Face ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
And Control

In the quest for appropriate management strategies for less egg production in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) due to climate change induced increasing temperature, five treatments (T): shade with cloth over brood hapa (T1), increase in pond depth (T2), aeration (T3), combination of above three interventions (T4) and control (no intervention) (T5) were investigated in a commercial hatchery in Mymensingh, Bangladesh during April to September. Mean egg production in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 was 20488, 15369, 3596, 21021 and 3979 eggs/hapa, respectively. T1 was the best strategy considered due to efficiency and simplicity. In May T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 produced highest 30859, 36119, 8997, 45876 and 5506 eggs/hapa at 29.69°C, 30.12°C, 29.96°C, 29.61°C, and 31.26°C temperature, respectively. The most suitable water temperature for highest egg production (20365 eggs/hapa) was 29-31°C. Egg production above 32°C was found to be very low (179 eggs/hapa). Suitable ranges of dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, ammonia and turbidity for egg production were found to be 4.5-6.0 mg/L, 8.0-8.8, 105-150 mg/L, 0-0.5 mg/L and 15-35 cm, respectively. In high temperature months commercial fish hatcheries should use shed with cloth over brood hapa to produce higher amount eggs.

scholarly journals Revisiting the larval dispersal black box in the Anthropocene

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1841-1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kit Yu Karen Chan ◽  
Mary A Sewell ◽  
Maria Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Face ◽  
Multi Phase

Abstract Many marine organisms have a multi-phase life history and rely on their planktonic larvae for dispersal. Despite the important role of larvae in shaping population distribution and abundance, the chemical, physical, and biological factors that shape larval fate are still not fully understood. Shedding light into this larval dispersal “black box” has become critical in the face of global climate change, primarily due to the importance of larval dispersal in formulating sound conservation and management strategies. Focusing on two major stressors, warming and acidification, we highlight the limitations of the current species-by-species, lab-based study approach, and particularly the lack of consideration of the larval experience along the dispersive pathway. Measuring organismal responses to environmentally relevant climate change stress demands an improved documentation of the physical and biological conditions that larvae experience through ontogeny, which in turn requires updated empirical and theoretical approaches. While there are meaningful between taxa comparisons to be made by larval ecologists, to peek into the dispersal black box and to investigate the larger scale consequences of altered dispersal requires innovative collaborations between ecologists, oceanographers, molecular biologists, statisticians, and mathematicians.

Multivariate patterns of adaptive genetic variation and seed source transfer in Picea mariana

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Beaulieu ◽  
Martin Perron ◽  
Jean Bousquet
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Adaptive Genetic Variation ◽  
Seed Transfer ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Provenance Test

A short-term retrospective test trial was carried out using 90 open-pollinated families representing 30 provenances of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) from Quebec. Seedlings were transplanted on three sites along a latitudinal gradient, and eleven growth and phenological traits were measured during the second and the third growing seasons. Analyses of variance indicated for most of the traits significant differences among provenances and families-within-provenances. Principal component analysis was used to summarize the variation observed among provenances into two principal components, which accounted for 79% of the total variation for all traits. Regression models developed to relate each trait and the principal component scores to geoclimatic variables explained between 55% and 86% of the variation observed among provenances. Variation in growth traits and phenological traits appeared to be related to geoclimatic factors. The models were validated using data from a range-wide provenance test, and relative risks associated with seed source transfer were estimated. The R2 values between the transfer risk and the provenance heights ranged from 0.02 to 0.58, whereas they were slightly lower for diameters. On average, the relative risks varied from 36% to 67%. Individual provenance values ranged from 4% to 94%. A geographic information system tool was designed to assist the forest managers in making seed transfer decisions.

Uncertainty in detecting climate change impact on the projected yield of black spruce (Picea mariana)

2010 ◽  
Vol 259 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Coulombe ◽  
Pierre Y. Bernier ◽  
Frédéric Raulier
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Climate Change Impact ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Change Impact
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