Effect of water stress on growth and dry matter distribution of four dryland species used in tree planting in the Sahel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Bayen ◽  
Anne Mette Lykke ◽  
François Wenemi Kagambèga ◽  
Fidèle Bognounou ◽  
Adjima Thiombiano
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Response To Water

Abstract Water stress is the most important factor limiting early survival and growth of seedlings in arid and semi-arid zones. Many woody species develop adaptive mechanisms in response to water stress. This study assesses survival rate, growth and dry matter distribution in response to water stress in four dryland species (Senegalia dudgeonii, Senegalia gourmaensis, Vachellia nilotica and Vachellia tortilis). A total of 240 seedlings (60 per species) were grown using a completely randomized block design with three replicates in each of three water treatments (control = 100 percent of field capacity; moderate water stress = 50 percent of field capacity; severe water stress = 25 percent of field capacity) with a 7 day watering frequency. Data were collected on seedling survival, height, collar diameter, leaf production and dry matter distribution. Survival rate of the four species was not affected by water stress. However, the morphological responses to water stress were significantly different between species. Water stress resulted in significant reductions in height and collar diameter, higher below-ground biomass and significant increase in shedding of leaves. Under water stress, S. dudgeonii, S. gourmaensis and V. tortilis invested more in root growth. The allocation pattern from above-ground to below-ground parts was found to be the main adaption to drought. In contrast, V. nilotica gave preference to above-ground development, which could be an indication that the seedlings are adapted to grow under severe water stress. The results confirm the interspecific genetic differences in growth and dry matter distribution among species. These variations in water stress response may be used as criteria for species selection for degraded land reforestation.

RESPONSE OF PEAS TO ENVIRONMENT: IV. EFFECT OF FIVE SOIL WATER REGIMES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PEAS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Maurer ◽  
H. F. Fletcher ◽  
D. P. Ormrod
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soil Water Conditions

Pea plants growing in "weighing lysimeters" were subjected to five soil-water regimes to determine their response to varying conditions of soil water imposed at different stages of development. Plants subjected to a minimal water stress developed luxuriantly and continued to grow up to the harvest period. Pea yield and plant height were not reduced, but fresh weight and dry matter were less if irrigation was applied when soil water fell to 60% rather than 88% of that available. A severe water stress after blossom reduced pea yield, irrespective of soil-water conditions prior to blossom. Plants which had been given ample soil water before blossom wilted visibly when a severe stress was imposed in the post-blossom period, yet wilting did not occur in plants subjected to severe water stress both before and after blossom. Severe water stress prior to blossom did not cause a decrease in pea yield if ample soil moisture was made available after blossom.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Vegetative Growth, Chemical Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Essential Oil of Peppermint Under Water Regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Diogo Mendes da Silva ◽  
Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci ◽  
Smail Aazza ◽  
Alexandre Alves de Carvalho ◽  
Simony Carvalho Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Mentha Piperita

The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the vegetative growth of Mentha piperita L. cultivated under different water availability, as well its influence in content, chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of its essential oil. Plants were propagated by mother plants microcutting and scions were transplanted to 5 L pots with soil and cattle manure. Afterward, were kept at field capacity for 30 days and under treatment for 40 days. It was treated with different levels of water deficit treatments: (T1): 100 of field capacity (FC); (T2): 80 of FC; (T3): 60 of FC; (T4) 40 of FC with 5 blocks. Vegetative growth was evaluated by dry matter contents of all part of plants and by root/aerial rate. The essential oil of the leaves was extracted by hydrodistillation, analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS and in vitro antioxidant potential was evaluated. A significant decrease in the dry matter of leaves and stems accompanied with a decrease in the roots dry matter was observed with an increase in the water stress. Quantitative chemical differences were observed in the chemical composition of the essential oil, according water availability. Total antioxidant activity showed a gradual increase as water stress progressed.

scholarly journals Differential Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes and Physiological Changes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Drought Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-276
Author(s):  
Kamal MIRI-HESAR ◽  
Ali DADKHODAIE ◽  
Saideh DOROSTKAR ◽  
Bahram HEIDARI
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relative Water

Drought stress is one of the most significant environmental factors restricting plant production all over the world. In arid and semi-arid regions where drought often causes serious problems, wheat is usually grown as a major crop and faces water stress. In order to study drought tolerance of wheat, an experiment with 34 genotypes including 11 local and commercial cultivars, 17 landraces, and six genotypes from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) was conducted at the experimental station, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran in 2010-2011 growing season. Three different irrigation regimes (100%, 75% and 50% Field Capacity) were applied and physiological and biochemical traits were measured for which a significant difference was observed in genotypes. Under severe water stress, proline content and enzymes’ activities increased while the relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll index decreased significantly in all genotypes. Of these indices, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and RWC were able to distinguish tolerant genotypes from sensitives. Moreover, yield index (YI) was useful in detecting tolerant genotypes. The drought susceptibility index (DSI) varied from 0.40 to 1.71 in genotypes. These results indicated that drought-tolerant genotypes could be selected based on high YI, RWC and SOD and low DSI. On the whole, the genotypes 31 (30ESWYT200), 29 (30ESWYT173) and 25 (Akbari) were identified to be tolerant and could be further used in downstream breeding programs for the improvement of wheat tolerance under water limited conditions.

Plasticity in growth and patterns of dry matter distribution of two genotypes of Trifolium repens grown in different environments of neighbours

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 2186-2194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Turkington
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Mobile Plant ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

Replicates of two genotypes of Trifolium repens L., collected from a Poa pratensis dominated sward and a Dactylis glomerata dominated sward, respectively, were grown in swards composed of various proportions of P. pratensis and D. glomerata. These swards represented a range of environments of neighbours; an increasing proportion of P. pratensis was considered as an increasingly alien environment for individuals of T. repens collected from the D. glomerata dominated site, and vice-versa for the individuals from the P. pratensis dominated site. The individuals of T. repens were harvested on five occasions over a period of 27 months. Both genotypes responded to increasingly alien environments by producing more inflorescences and by distributing proportionately more dry matter to inflorescence production. Some evidence is also presented which suggests that allocation to stolons and inflorescences are alternatives and the balance of the trade off is dependent on the advantages of possibly producing new, better adapted offspring from seed, against the chances of a wandering stolon encountering a less hostile environment. Results are discussed in the context of environmental alienness, a major source of which is the different relative proportions of neighbours. The various genotypes of organisms which a relatively mobile plant species encounters are a major source of this environmental, or biotic, alienness.

Growth responses of clonal lines of American sycamore grown under different intensities of nutrition

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Steinbeck
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Seasonal Peak ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Clonal Lines

Four random clones of American sycamore supplied with four concentrations of Hoagland's solution differed in their response to and interacted with treatment as far as height and diameter growth and total dry matter production in the first growing season were concerned. Varying nutrient intensity did not affect the time of the seasonal peak of height and diameter growth; better growth was maintained subsequent to the seasonal peak at the higher concentrations, however. The proportions of the trees in terms of dry-matter distribution and branching characteristics changed with nutrient concentration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document