Morphology of the Structural Root System of Sitka Spruce 1. Analysis and Quantitative Description

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. HENDERSON ◽  
E. D. FORD ◽  
E. RENSHAW ◽  
J. D. DEANS
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Sitka Spruce

Root System Fibrosity of Sitka Spruce Transplants: Relationship with Root Growth Potential

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. DEANS ◽  
C. LUNDBERG ◽  
M. G. R. CANNELL ◽  
M. B. MURRAY ◽  
L. J. SHEPPARD
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Root Growth Potential

Effects of root or shoot exposure before planting on the water relations, growth, and survival of Sitka spruce

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Coutts
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Woody Root ◽  
Root Exposure ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Drying Conditions

Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) seedlings were exposed either by the root or the shoot to drying conditions in a growthroom. Changes in leaf water potential (ψ1) and rate of water loss were determined and measurements were made on the moisture content (MC) of the shoot, woody root, and fine roots.Exposure of the root or shoot reduced the MC of all tissues measured and reduced ψ1. When the root was exposed, water moved from the shoot into the root system, but this water movement did not prevent a substantial reduction in the MC of the root system. The greatest reduction occurred in the fine roots. Exposure of the root caused a faster decrease in fine root MC than exposure of the shoot.Treated seedlings were planted in root observation boxes, and those which had been exposed by the roots to give ψ1 of −20 × 105 Pa were found to be under increased water stress when measured 12 days after planting indicating that water uptake had been impaired. Root exposure also reduced plant survival and the growth of roots and shoots of plants which survived. Although exposure of the shoot to give ψ1 of −20 × 105 Pa resulted in a similar reduction in total plant MC as exposure of the root, the treatment was not damaging in terms of growth or survival after planting. It is concluded that measurement of neither whole plant MC nor ψ1 prior to planting can show whether a plant has been subjected to damaging conditions. Root exposure of plants in different stages of growth indicated increased sensitivity to exposure the farther the plants were removed from dormancy.

Comparative root system morphologies of seeded-in-place, bareroot, and container-cultured plug Sitka spruce seedlings after outplanting

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Carlson ◽  
C. L. Preisig ◽  
L. C. Promnitz
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Stock Types

Root systems of Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr. seedlings of natural, bareroot, and container origin were quantitatively analyzed to determine effects of seedling source on root system morphology, particularly lateral root orientation.Planted stock types were differentiated from natural seedlings on the basis of root system morphology. Container-induced effects on root system morphology were no greater than effects of bareroot cultural and planting practices. The data presented indicate that effects of culturing and planting on root system morphology are probably not severe enough to cause instability or growth retardation.

When is the structural root system determined in Sitka spruce?

1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Coutts ◽  
G. J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Sitka Spruce

scholarly journals Neutron computed laminography yields 3D root system architecture and complements investigations of spatiotemporal rhizosphere patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Rudolph-Mohr ◽  
Sarah Bereswill ◽  
Christian Tötzke ◽  
Nikolay Kardjilov ◽  
Sascha E. Oswald
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Neutron Radiography ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Computed Laminography ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Purpose Root growth, respiration, water uptake as well as root exudation induce biogeochemical patterns in the rhizosphere that can change dynamically over time. Our aim is to develop a method that provides complementary information on 3D root system architecture and biogeochemical gradients around the roots needed for the quantitative description of rhizosphere processes. Methods We captured for the first time the root system architecture of maize plants grown in rectangular rhizotrons in 3D using neutron computed laminography (NCL). Simultaneously, we measured pH and oxygen concentration using fluorescent optodes and the 2D soil water distribution by means of neutron radiography. We co-registered the 3D laminography data with the 2D oxygen and pH maps to analyze the sensor signal as a function of the distance between the roots and the optode. Results The 3D root system architecture was successfully segmented from the laminographic data. We found that exudation of roots in up to 2 mm distance to the pH optode induced patterns of local acidification or alkalization. Over time, oxygen gradients in the rhizosphere emerged for roots up to a distance of 7.5 mm. Conclusion Neutron computed laminography allows for a three-dimensional investigation of root systems grown in laterally extended rhizotrons as the ones designed for 2D optode imaging studies. The 3D information on root position within the rhizotrons derived by NCL explained measured 2D oxygen and pH distribution. The presented new combination of 3D and 2D imaging methods facilitates systematical investigations of a wide range of dynamic processes in the rhizosphere.

High-resolution observations of metastable γ’ precipitation in Al-15at.%Ag

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 1004-1005
Author(s):  
N. V. Larcher ◽  
I. G. Solorzano
Keyword(s):  
Discontinuous Precipitation ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Aging Sequence ◽  
Matrix Precipitation ◽  
Considerable Detail ◽  
Kinetics Of

It is currently well established that, for an Al-Ag alloy quenched from the α phase and aged within the metastable solvus, the aging sequence is: supersaturated α → GP zones → γ’ → γ (Ag2Al). While GP zones and plate-shaped γ’ are metastable phases, continuously distributed in the matrix, formation of the equilibrium phase γ takes place at grain boundaries by discontinuous precipitation (DP). The crystal structure of both γ’ and γ is hep with the following orientation relationship with respect to the fee α matrix: {0001}γ′,γ // {111}α, <1120>γ′,γ, // <110>α.The mechanisms and kinetics of continuous matrix precipitation (CMP) in dilute Al-Ag alloys have been studied in considerable detail. The quantitative description of DP kinetics, however, has received less attention. The present contribution reports the microstructural evolution resulting from aging an Al-Ag alloy with Ag content higher than those previously reported in the literature, focusing the observations of γ' plate-shaped metastable precipitates.

Emergency Seasoning of Sitka Spruce

1919 ◽  
Vol 87 (2269supp) ◽  
pp. 404-405
Author(s):  
L. A. Welo
Keyword(s):  
Sitka Spruce
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