Diversity of a phosphate transporter gene among species and isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Giovannini ◽  
Cristiana Sbrana ◽  
Luciano Avio ◽  
Alessandra Turrini
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis ◽  
Amf Diversity

ABSTRACT Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a key group of beneficial obligate biotrophs, establishing a mutualistic symbiosis with the roots of most land plants. The molecular markers generally used for their characterization are mainly based on informative regions of nuclear rDNA (SSU-ITS-LSU), although protein-encoding genes have also been proposed. Within functional genes, those encoding for phosphate transporters (PT) are particularly important in AMF, given their primary ability to take up Pi from soil, and to differentially affect plant phosphate nutrition. In this work, we investigated the genetic diversity of PT1 gene sequences and sequences of the taxonomically relevant SSU-ITS-LSU region in two isolates of the species Funneliformis coronatus, three isolates of the species Funneliformis mosseae and two species of the genus Rhizoglomus, originated from geographically distant areas and cultured in vivo. Our results showed that partial PT1 sequences not only successfully differentiated AMF genera and species like ribosomal gene sequences but also highlighted intraspecific diversity among F. mosseae and F. coronatus isolates. The study of functional genes related to the uptake of key mineral nutrients for the assessment of AMF diversity represents a key step in the selection of efficient isolates to be used as inocula in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Associated Microbiota as Plant Biostimulants: Research Strategies for the Selection of the Best Performing Inocula

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Giovannini ◽  
Michela Palla ◽  
Monica Agnolucci ◽  
Luciano Avio ◽  
Cristiana Sbrana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Amf Diversity ◽  
Nutrient Transporter ◽  
Colonization Ability

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial soil microorganisms establishing mutualistic symbioses with the roots of the most important food crops and playing key roles in the maintenance of long-term soil fertility and health. The great inter- and intra-specific AMF diversity can be fully exploited by selecting AMF inocula on the basis of their colonization ability and efficiency, which are affected by fungal and plant genotypes and diverse environmental variables. The multiple services provided by AMF are the result of the synergistic activities of the bacterial communities living in the mycorrhizosphere, encompassing nitrogen fixation, P solubilization, and the production of phytohormones, siderophores, and antibiotics. The tripartite association among host plants, mycorrhizal symbionts, and associated bacteria show beneficial emerging properties which could be efficiently exploited in sustainable agriculture. Further in-depth studies, both in microcosms and in the field, performed on different AMF species and isolates, should evaluate their colonization ability, efficiency, and resilience. Transcriptomic studies can reveal the expression levels of nutrient transporter genes in fungal absorbing hyphae in the presence of selected bacterial strains. Eventually, newly designed multifunctional microbial consortia can be utilized as biofertilizers and biostimulants in sustainable and innovative production systems.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Stimulation and Root Colonization Potential of In Vivo versus In Vitro Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inocula

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 897-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinta Calvet ◽  
Amelia Camprubi ◽  
Ana Pérez-Hernández ◽  
Paulo Emilio Lovato
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Root ◽  
Colonization Potential ◽  
Mycorrhizal Propagules

Inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, with growing use in horticulture, is produced mainly in two technically different cultivation systems: in vivo culture in symbiosis with living host plants or in vitro culture in which the fungus life cycle develops in association with transformed roots. To evaluate the effectiveness and the infectivity of a defined isolate obtained by both production methods, a replicated comparative evaluation experiment was designed using different propagules of Rhizophagus irregularis produced in vivo on leek plants or in vitro in monoxenic culture on transformed carrot roots. The size of the spores obtained under both cultivation methods was first assessed and bulk inoculum, spores, sievings, and mycorrhizal root fragments were used to inoculate leek plantlets. Spores produced in vitro were significantly smaller than those produced in vivo. Although all mycorrhizal propagules used as a source of inoculum were able to colonize plants, in all cases, leek plants inoculated with propagules obtained in vivo achieved significantly higher mycorrhizal colonization rates than plants inoculated with in vitro inocula. Inoculation with in vivo bulk inoculum and in vivo mycorrhizal root fragments were the only treatments increasing plant growth. These results indicate that the production system of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi itself can have implications in the stimulation of plant growth and in experimental results.

scholarly journals SeSaMe: Metagenome Sequence Classification of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated Microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee Eun Kang ◽  
Antonio Ciampi ◽  
Mohamed Hijri
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Query Sequence ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Correct Prediction ◽  
Link Type

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are plant root symbionts that play key roles in plant growth and soil fertility. They are obligate biotrophic fungi that form coenocytic multinucleated hyphae and spores. Numerous studies have shown that diverse microorganisms live on the surface and inside their mycelia, resulting in a metagenome when whole genome sequencing (WGS) data are obtained from sequencing AMF cultivated in vivo. The metagenome contains not only the AMF sequences, but also those from associated microorganisms. In this article, we introduce a novel bioinformatics program, SeSaMe, designed for taxonomic classification of short sequences obtained by next-generation DNA sequencing. A genus-specific usage bias database was created based on amino acid usage and codon usage of three consecutive codon DNA 9-mers encoding for an amino acid trimer in a protein secondary structure. The program distinguishes between coding sequence (CDS) and non-CDS, and classifies a query sequence into a genus group out of 54 genera used as reference. The average correct prediction percentages of the CDS and the non-CDS test sets at the genus level were 71% and 50% for bacteria, 65% and 73% for fungi (excluding AMF), and 49% and 72% for AMF (Rhizophagus irregularis), respectively. The program provides a means for estimating not only taxonomic diversity and abundance but also the gene reservoir of the reference taxonomic groups associated with AMF. Therefore, the program enables users to study the symbiotic roles of associated microorganisms. SeSaMe can be applicable to other microorganisms as well as soil metagenomes. It is freely available at www.journal.com and www.fungalsesame.org.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Ghana: Effect of Regional Locations and Soil Factors on Diversity and Community Assembly

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsie Sarkodee-Addo ◽  
Michiko Yasuda ◽  
Chol Gyu Lee ◽  
Makoto Kanasugi ◽  
Yoshiharu Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Amf Diversity

Understanding the community composition and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in an agricultural ecosystem is important for exploiting their potential in sustainable crop production. In this study, we described the genetic diversity and community structure of indigenous AMF in rain-fed rice cultivars across six different regions in Ghana. The morphological and molecular analyses revealed a total of 15 different AMF genera isolated from rice roots. Rhizophagus and Glomus were observed to be predominant in all regions except the Ashanti region, which was dominated by the genera Scutellospora and Acaulospora. A comparison of AMF diversity among the agroecological zones revealed that Guinea Savannah had the highest diversity. Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) analysis indicated that the available phosphorus (AP) in the soil was the principal determining factor for shaping the AMF community structure (p < 0.05). We report, for the first time, AMF diversity and community structure in rice roots and how communities are affected by the chemical properties of soil from different locations in Ghana.

scholarly journals The Current Survey of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Benghazi’s Coastal Plain

2019 ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
Marei Abdelkarim
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis

Rhizospheres of crop plants are complexes of chemical and microbial interactions. Of importance, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial microorgansims associated with roughly eighty-percent of terrestrial land plants. In this mutualistic symbiosis, the fungus receives the photosynthetic product (sugar) fixed from its host by photosynthesis. In return, the host plant gains a plethora of benefits from the fungus such as enhanced nutrient uptakes, protection against both biotic (soil-borne root pathogens, insect attack) and abiotic (drought, heavy metal pollution, and soil salinity) stresses. Taxonomically, AMF belong to a new erected phylum called Glomeromycota. The field study was conducted in a farm owned and supervised by The Great Man-Made Project in February 2019. The present study was performed to determine the presence or the absence of AMF in a field cultivated with wheat crops (Triticum aestivum, L.) during the vegetative stage, and also to investigate soil physiochemical properties effect on AMF colonization. Results showed that colonization of wheat plant roots were significantly low. The result clearly implies that high-input fertilizers viz., phosphorus fertilization, and agricultural practices such as intensive tillage drastically reduced AMF colonization.

scholarly journals Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil properties jointly influence plant C, N, and P stoichiometry in West Lake, Hangzhou

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (65) ◽  
pp. 39943-39953
Author(s):  
Mengfei Yu ◽  
Qinxiang Wang ◽  
Weixia Tao ◽  
Guihua Liu ◽  
Wenzhi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
West Lake ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis ◽  
Emergent Plants

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play important roles in emergent plants via mutualistic symbiosis.

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