scholarly journals In defence of Bacillus thuringiensis, the safest and most successful microbial insecticide available to humanity—a response to EFSA

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Raymond ◽  
Brian A. Federici
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Microbial Insecticide

Distribution of Toxin Genes and Enterotoxins in Bacillus thuringiensis Isolated from Microbial Insecticide Products

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2043-2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Hak Cho ◽  
Suk-Ho Kang ◽  
Yea-Eun Lee ◽  
Sung-Jo Kim ◽  
Young-Bin Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
Microbial Insecticide

Mechanism of insect resistance to the microbial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis

Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 247 (4938) ◽  
pp. 72-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Van Rie ◽  
W. McGaughey ◽  
D. Johnson ◽  
B. Barnett ◽  
H Van Mellaert
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Insect Resistance ◽  
Microbial Insecticide

scholarly journals Insecticidal Effects of Organotin(IV) Compounds on Plutella Xylostella (L.) Larvae. II. Inhibitory Potencies Against Acetylcholinesterase and Evidence for Synergism in Tests With Bacillus Thuringiensis(BER.) and Malathion

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazni W. Ahmad ◽  
Tay Siew Huang ◽  
S. Balabaskaran ◽  
K. M. Lo ◽  
V. G. Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Ache Inhibition ◽  
Microbial Insecticide ◽  
In Vitro Inhibition ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Features of pesticide synergism and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition (in vitro) were studied using a selected range of organotin compounds against the early 4th instar larvae of a highly resistant strain of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, a major universal pest of cruciferous vegetables.Fourteen triorganotin compounds were evaluated for their ability to enhance the toxicity of the microbial insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) and of the commercial insecticide, Malathion to Plutella xylostella larvae. Supplemental synergism was observed with triphenyl- and tricyclopentyltin hydroxides in combinations with Bacillus thuringiensis. Increased synergism was observed with an increase in the number of cyclopentyl groups on tin in the mixed series, CypnPh3-n SnX, where X = OH, and 1-(1,2,4-triazolyl). The combination of (p-chlorophenyl)diphenyltin N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate at LD10 and LD25 concentrations with sublethal concentrations of Malathion as well as of tricyclohexyltin methanesulphonate at the 0.01% (w/v) concentration with Malathion exerted strong synergistic effects (supplemental synergism) with toxicity index (T.I) values of 7.2, 19.8 and 10.1, respectively.Studies on the in vitro inhibition of acetylcholinesterase prepared from the DBM larvae showed that while most of the triorganotin Compounds tested were without effect on the enzyme, compounds containing the thiocarbamylacetate or the dithiocarbamylacetate moieties demonstrated appreciable levels of inhibition, being comparable in efficacy to commercial grades of Malathion and Methomyl.

Germination and multiplication of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki in the midgut of Pieris canidia larva: An Electron Microscopic study

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-635
Author(s):  
Wilkin W.K. Cheung ◽  
Yui F. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Microbial Insecticide ◽  
Petri Dishes

Presently Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk, thuricide) is a popular microbial insecticide on market for controlling lepidopterous pests. The damage of Btk on lepidopterous larvae have been well documented. However, practically few references give sufficient ultrastructural details on the germination and multiplication of Bt spores and bacterial cells after infecting the larvae. The present study is aimed to fill the gap of the necessary information.Pieris canidia L. larvae were immersed in 2.5% (w/v) thuricide (40,000 IU, Sandoz Co.) spore-crystal suspension for 5 sec. dip and were put onto petri dishes for observation in various time intervals after blotted dry with filter paper. Control larvae had not been treated with Btk.

Toxicity Studies of Microbial Insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis var. kenyae in Rats, Rabbits, and Fish

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Meher ◽  
S. L. Bodhankar ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
J. N. Dhuley ◽  
D. J. Khodape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Ocular Irritation ◽  
Powder Formulation ◽  
Microbial Insecticide ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Lepidopteran Pest

Bacillus thuringiensis var. kenyae (B.t.k.) is a microbial insecticide effective against lepidopteran pest species. Acute oral toxicity in rats and acute dermal toxicity, ocular irritation, skin irritation in rabbits were studied for the wettable powder formulation of B.t.k. In addition, toxicity of the wettable powder formulation was also studied in fresh water fish ( Gambussia affinis). The results of these studies indicate that this wettable powder formulation of B.t.k. is nontoxic and nonirritant to rats, rabbits, and fish.

scholarly journals Insecticidal Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Proteins against Coleopteran Pests

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikel Domínguez-Arrizabalaga ◽  
Maite Villanueva ◽  
Baltasar Escriche ◽  
Carmen Ancín-Azpilicueta ◽  
Primitivo Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Cry Proteins ◽  
Microbial Insecticide ◽  
Bt Toxins ◽  
Vip Proteins ◽  
Agro Forestry

Bacillus thuringiensis is the most successful microbial insecticide agent and its proteins have been studied for many years due to its toxicity against insects mainly belonging to the orders Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera, which are pests of agro-forestry and medical-veterinary interest. However, studies on the interactions between this bacterium and the insect species classified in the order Coleoptera are more limited when compared to other insect orders. To date, 45 Cry proteins, 2 Cyt proteins, 11 Vip proteins, and 2 Sip proteins have been reported with activity against coleopteran species. A number of these proteins have been successfully used in some insecticidal formulations and in the construction of transgenic crops to provide protection against main beetle pests. In this review, we provide an update on the activity of Bt toxins against coleopteran insects, as well as specific information about the structure and mode of action of coleopteran Bt proteins.

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