scholarly journals Population screening for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the UK: a qualitative study of the experiences of those screened

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Population Screening ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
The Uk

Reinfections, Persistent Infections, and New Infections After General Population Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in The Netherlands

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene K. Veldhuijzen ◽  
Jan E. A. M. Van Bergen ◽  
Hannelore M. G??tz ◽  
Christian J. P. A. Hoebe ◽  
Servaas A. Morr?? ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
General Population ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Population Screening ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Persistent Infections

scholarly journals The natural history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women: a multi-parameter evidence synthesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 1-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm J Price ◽  
AE Ades ◽  
Kate Soldan ◽  
Nicky J Welton ◽  
John Macleod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Chlamydia Screening ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
The Uk

Background and objectivesThe evidence base supporting the National Chlamydia Screening Programme, initiated in 2003, has been questioned repeatedly, with little consensus on modelling assumptions, parameter values or evidence sources to be used in cost-effectiveness analyses. The purpose of this project was to assemble all available evidence on the prevalence and incidence ofChlamydia trachomatis(CT) in the UK and its sequelae, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy (EP) and tubal factor infertility (TFI) to review the evidence base in its entirety, assess its consistency and, if possible, arrive at a coherent set of estimates consistent with all the evidence.MethodsEvidence was identified using ‘high-yield’ strategies. Bayesian Multi-Parameter Evidence Synthesis models were constructed for separate subparts of the clinical and population epidemiology of CT. Where possible, different types of data sources were statistically combined to derive coherent estimates. Where evidence was inconsistent, evidence sources were re-interpreted and new estimates derived on a post-hoc basis.ResultsAn internally coherent set of estimates was generated, consistent with a multifaceted evidence base, fertility surveys and routine UK statistics on PID and EP. Among the key findings were that the risk of PID (symptomatic or asymptomatic) following an untreated CT infection is 17.1% [95% credible interval (CrI) 6% to 29%] and the risk of salpingitis is 7.3% (95% CrI 2.2% to 14.0%). In women aged 16–24 years, screened at annual intervals, at best, 61% (95% CrI 55% to 67%) of CT-related PID and 22% (95% CrI 7% to 43%) of all PID could be directly prevented. For women aged 16–44 years, the proportions of PID, EP and TFI that are attributable to CT are estimated to be 20% (95% CrI 6% to 38%), 4.9% (95% CrI 1.2% to 12%) and 29% (95% CrI 9% to 56%), respectively. The prevalence of TFI in the UK in women at the end of their reproductive lives is 1.1%: this is consistent with all PID carrying a relatively high risk of reproductive damage, whether diagnosed or not. Every 1000 CT infections in women aged 16–44 years, on average, gives rise to approximately 171 episodes of PID and 73 of salpingitis, 2.0 EPs and 5.1 women with TFI at age 44 years.Conclusions and research recommendationsThe study establishes a set of interpretations of the major studies and study designs, under which a coherent set of estimates can be generated. CT is a significant cause of PID and TFI. CT screening is of benefit to the individual, but detection and treatment of incident infection may be more beneficial. Women with lower abdominal pain need better advice on when to seek early medical attention to avoid risk of reproductive damage. The study provides new insights into the reproductive risks of PID and the role of CT. Further research is required on the proportions of PID, EP and TFI attributable to CT to confirm predictions made in this report, and to improve the precision of key estimates. The cost-effectiveness of screening should be re-evaluated using the findings of this report.FundingThe Medical Research Council grant G0801947.

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a subgroup of young men in the UK

The Lancet ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 361 (9371) ◽  
pp. 1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise McKay ◽  
Hilary Clery ◽  
Katy Carrick-Anderson ◽  
Sarah Hollis ◽  
Gordon Scott
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Cost effectiveness of home based population screening for Chlamydia trachomatis in the UK: economic evaluation of chlamydia screening studies (ClaSS) project

BMJ ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 335 (7614) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy E Roberts ◽  
Suzanne Robinson ◽  
Pelham M Barton ◽  
Stirling Bryan ◽  
Anne McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Population Screening ◽  
Chlamydia Screening ◽  
Class Project ◽  
Home Based ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Population screening for glaucoma in UK: current recommendations and future directions

Eye ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Hamid ◽  
Parul Desai ◽  
Pirro Hysi ◽  
Jennifer M. Burr ◽  
Anthony P. Khawaja
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Screening ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Uk

AbstractEffective population screening for glaucoma would enable earlier diagnosis and prevention of irreversible vision loss. The UK National Screening Committee (NSC) recently published a review that examined the viability, effectiveness and appropriateness of a population-based screening programme for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). In our article, we summarise the results of the review and discuss some future directions that may enable effective population screening for glaucoma in the future. Two key questions were addressed by the UK NSC review; is there a valid, accurate screening test for POAG, and does evidence exist that screening reduces morbidity from POAG compared with standard care. Six new studies were identified since the previous 2015 review. The review concluded that screening for glaucoma in adults is not recommended because there is no clear evidence for a sufficiently accurate screening test or for better outcomes with screening compared to current care. The next UK NSC review is due to be conducted in 2023. One challenge for POAG screening is that the relatively low disease prevalence results in too many false-positive referrals, even with an accurate test. In the future, targeted screening of a population subset with a higher prevalence of glaucoma may be effective. Recent developments in POAG polygenic risk prediction and deep learning image analysis offer potential avenues to identifying glaucoma-enriched sub-populations. Until such time, opportunistic case finding through General Ophthalmic Services remains the primary route for identification of glaucoma in the UK and greater public awareness of the service would be of benefit.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 pandemic social restriction measures on people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases in the UK: a mixed-methods study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e048772
Author(s):  
Toby O Smith ◽  
Pippa Belderson ◽  
Jack R Dainty ◽  
Linda Birt ◽  
Karen Durrant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Social Restriction ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic social restriction measures on people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) and to explore how people adapted to these measures over time.DesignMixed-methods investigation comprising a national online longitudinal survey and embedded qualitative study.SettingUK online survey and interviews with community-dwelling individuals in the East of England.ParticipantsPeople in the UK with RMDs were invited to participate in an online survey. A subsection of respondents were invited to participate in the embedded qualitative study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe online survey, completed fortnightly over 10 weeks from April 2020 to August 2020, investigated changes in symptoms, social isolation and loneliness, resilience and optimism. Qualitative interviews were undertaken assessing participant’s perspectives on changes in symptoms, exercising, managing instrumental tasks such a shopping, medication and treatment regimens and how they experienced changes in their social networks.Results703 people with RMDs completed the online survey. These people frequently reported a deterioration in symptoms as a result of COVID-19 pandemic social restrictions (52% reported increase vs 6% reported a decrease). This was significantly worse for those aged 18–60 years compared with older participants (p=0.017). The qualitative findings from 26 individuals with RMDs suggest that the greatest change in daily life was experienced by those in employment. Although some retired people reported reduced opportunity for exercise outside their homes, they did not face the many competing demands experienced by employed people and people with children at home.ConclusionsPeople with RMDs reported a deterioration in symptoms when COVID-19 pandemic social restriction measures were enforced. This was worse for working-aged people. Consideration of this at-risk group, specifically for the promotion of physical activity, changing home-working practices and awareness of healthcare provision is important, as social restrictions continue in the UK.

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