scholarly journals Wildlife conflicts: wolves vs. moose

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1776-1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Skonhoft ◽  
Jan Tore Solstad
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Social Planner ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Wolf Predation ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Population Counts ◽  
Profit Maximisation

Abstract During the last few decades, the grey wolf (Canis lupus) has re-colonised Scandinavia. The current population counts some 430 individuals. With the wolf re-colonisation, several conflicts have arisen. One important conflict is due to wolf predation on moose (Alces alces). This conflict is studied under the assumption of landowner profit maximisation as well as routinised harvesting behaviour. The analysis emphasises how compensation for the predation loss affects landowner management and harvest profitability. The solutions to the landowner problems are also compared to the overall (social planner) management situation, where traffic costs due to moose–vehicle and railway collisions are included.

Is wolf predation ratio-dependent?

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1940-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Eberhardt
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Predator Control ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Wolf Predation ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Prey Model ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Ratio Dependent

The controversy over whether wolves (Canis lupus) can regulate ungulate numbers is difficult to assess, owing to data limitations, relaxation of predator control, and the fact that current predator – prey theory was developed from the study of invertebrate populations. A ratio-dependent predator – prey model appears to be supported by data on predation on ungulates, and the data indicate that wolves have a significant impact on numbers of moose (Alces alces), and thus can exert a regulatory effect on that species.

scholarly journals The First Record of Echinococcus ortleppi (G5) Tapeworms in Grey Wolf (Canis lupus)

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 853
Author(s):  
Jacek Karamon ◽  
Małgorzata Samorek-Pieróg ◽  
Jacek Sroka ◽  
Ewa Bilska-Zając ◽  
Joanna Dąbrowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Sequence Comparison ◽  
First Record ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Counting Technique ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
First Time

The aim of this study is to confirm the presence and molecular identification of Echinococcus tapeworms in wolves from south-eastern Poland. An investigation was carried out on the intestines of 13 wolves from south-eastern Poland. The small intestines were divided into three equal segments. Each segment was separately examined using the sedimentation and counting technique (SCT). The detected Echinococcus tapeworms were isolated and identified by PCRs and sequencing (nad1 and cox1 genes). Additionally, DNA isolated from the feces of wolves positive for Echinococcus tapeworms was examined with two diagnostic PCRs. The intestines of one wolf were positive for E. granulosus s.l. when assessed by SCT; the intestine was from a six-year-old male wolf killed in a communication accident. We detected 61 adult tapeworms: 42 in the anterior, 14 in the middle, and 5 in the posterior parts of the small intestine. The PCRs conducted for cox1 and nad1 produced specific products. A sequence comparison with the GenBank database showed similarity to the deposited E. ortleppi (G5) sequences. An analysis of the available phylogenetic sequences showed very little variation within the species of E. ortleppi (G5), and identity ranged from 99.10% to 100.00% in the case of cox1 and from 99.04 to 100.00% in the case of nad1. One of the two diagnostic PCRs used and performed on the feces of Echinococcus-positive animals showed product specific for E. granulosus. This study showed the presence of adult E. ortleppi tapeworms in wolves for the first time.

Wolf predation in a multiple-ungulate system in northern British Columbia

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1551-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
A T Bergerud ◽  
J P Elliott
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
Wolf Predation ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Ovis Dalli ◽  
Hunting Statistics

Caribou (Rangifer tarandus), elk (Cervus canadensis), moose (Alces alces), and Stone's sheep (Ovis dalli stonei) were either decreasing or stable in numbers in two areas in northeastern British Columbia in 1981-1982, prior to reductions in wolf (Canis lupus) numbers. Following the reduction of wolf numbers, recruitment improved 2-5 times for all four species, and all populations increased, based on either hunting statistics, census results, and (or) recruitments greater than 24 offspring at 9 months of age per 100 females. Recruitment of offspring at 9 months of age, when regressed against wolf numbers, declined with decelerating slopes for all four species. This inverse functional response is hypothesized to result from the preparturient spacing of females to reduce predation risk, and in this regard moose seem the least secure and sheep the most effectively spaced. For the four species, mean recruitment at 9 months of age that balanced adult mortality and provided a finite rate of increase of 1.00 was 24.16 ± 0.91 offspring/100 females (n = 11, coefficient of variation = 12.5%). The predicted recruitment rate for all four species in the absence of wolves was 53-57 offspring/100 females. But the birth rate of moose was much higher than those of the other species, indicating greater loss to other factors of which bear predation may be the greatest. Following wolf reductions of 60-86% of entire travelling packs, the wolves quickly recolonized the removal zones, with rates of increase ranging from 1.5 to 5.6.

First wolves in Luxembourg since 1893, originating from the Alpine and Central European populations

Mammalia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Schley ◽  
Marianne Jacobs ◽  
Sebastian Collet ◽  
Alexander Kristiansen ◽  
Jan Herr
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Apex Predator ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hard Evidence

Abstract Considering the spread of the grey wolf (Canis lupus) in Europe over the past 30 years, Luxembourg took some measures to prepare for the return of this apex predator, including the establishment of a management plan that notably addresses the issue of wolf depredation on livestock. Here we present the results of genetic analyses of putative wolf saliva, hair and scat samples collected from or near prey carcasses between 2015 and 2020. In two cases, the wolf was confirmed via DNA analysis: in July 2017 near Garnich and in April 2020 near Niederanven, both assigned to category C1 (hard evidence). A third case was classified as C2 (confirmed observation) based on prey carcass characteristics, while genetic analysis yielded no result. These are the first confirmed records of wolves in Luxemburg since 1893. Moreover, the two C1-cases originated from the Alpine (Garnich) and Central European (Niederanven) populations. Given similar developments in the neighboring countries and regions, we conclude that the area including the Benelux countries as well as Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland and Northern France may well become a melting pot for wolves of the two aforementioned populations in the coming years and decades.

Kill rate by wolves on moose in the Yukon

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
R D Hayes ◽  
A M Baer ◽  
U Wotschikowsky ◽  
A S Harestad
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Wolf Predation ◽  
Kill Rate

We studied the kill rate by wolves (Canis lupus) after a large-scale wolf removal when populations of wolves, moose (Alces alces), and woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) were all increasing. We followed a total of 21 wolf packs for 4 winters, measuring prey selection, kill rates, and ecological factors that could influence killing behavior. Wolf predation was found to be mainly additive on both moose and caribou populations. Kill rates by individual wolves were inversely related to pack size and unrelated to prey density or snow depth. Scavenging by ravens decreased the amount of prey biomass available for wolves to consume, especially for wolves in smaller packs. The kill rate by wolves on moose calves was not related to the number of calves available each winter. Wolves did not show a strong switching response away from moose as the ratio of caribou to moose increased in winter. The predation rate by wolves on moose was best modeled by the number and size of packs wolves were organized into each winter.

scholarly journals Gray Wolves, Canis lupus, Killed by Cougars, Puma concolor, and a Grizzly Bear, Ursus arctos, in Montana, Alberta, and Wyoming

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Jimenez ◽  
Valpa J. Asher ◽  
Carita Bergman ◽  
Edward E. Bangs ◽  
Susannah P. Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Grizzly Bear ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Large Predators

Four cases where large predators caused Grey Wolf (Canis lupus) mortality are recorded. We describe two incidents of Cougars (Puma concolar) killing Wolves in Montana and one incident of a Cougar killing a Wolf in Alberta. We report the first recorded incident of a Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos) killing a Wolf in the western United States.

scholarly journals Humanity’s Best Friend: A Dog-Centric Approach to Addressing Global Challenges

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Sykes ◽  
Piers Beirne ◽  
Alexandra Horowitz ◽  
Ione Jones ◽  
Linda Kalof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Cultural Complexity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship

No other animal has a closer mutualistic relationship with humans than the dog (Canis familiaris). Domesticated from the Eurasian grey wolf (Canis lupus), dogs have evolved alongside humans over millennia in a relationship that has transformed dogs and the environments in which humans and dogs have co-inhabited. The story of the dog is the story of recent humanity, in all its biological and cultural complexity. By exploring human-dog-environment interactions throughout time and space, it is possible not only to understand vital elements of global history, but also to critically assess our present-day relationship with the natural world, and to begin to mitigate future global challenges. In this paper, co-authored by researchers from across the natural and social sciences, arts and humanities, we argue that a dog-centric approach provides a new model for future academic enquiry and engagement with both the public and the global environmental agenda.

Wolf predation risk associated with white-tailed deer movements

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2696-2699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Nelson ◽  
L. David Mech
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Wolf Predation ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Disproportionate Number ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Antipredator Strategy

The survival of 159 yearling and adult deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was monitored by telemetry during 282 spring and 219 fall individual migrations to winter deeryards in northeastern Minnesota. A disproportionate number of deer were killed by wolves (Canis lupus) during fall migration relative to the short time they spent migrating, but not during spring migration. Predation was also significantly greater for male and female yearlings and adult females outside deeryards during winter. Survival of 79 yearlings dispersing from natal ranges was high (1.00). It appears that changing climatic conditions combined with unfamiliar terrain and undetermined factors predispose migratory deer to wolf predation during fall. These findings support an earlier hypothesis that winter yarding is an antipredator strategy.

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