scholarly journals The Maternal Nutritional Buffering Model: an evolutionary framework for pregnancy nutritional intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaneta M Thayer ◽  
Julienne Rutherford ◽  
Christopher W Kuzawa
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Fetal Nutrition ◽  
Policy Solutions

Abstract Evidence that fetal nutrition influences adult health has heightened interest in nutritional interventions targeting pregnancy. However, as is true for other placental mammals, human females have evolved mechanisms that help buffer the fetus against short-term fluctuations in maternal diet and energy status. In this review, we first discuss the evolution of increasingly elaborate vertebrate strategies of buffering offspring from environmental fluctuations during development, including the important innovation of the eutherian placenta. We then present the Maternal Nutritional Buffering Model, which argues that, in contrast to many micronutrients that must be derived from dietary sources, the effects of short-term changes in maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy, whether due to a deficit or supplementation, will be minimized by internal buffering mechanisms that work to ensure a stable supply of essential resources. In contrast to the minimal effects of brief macronutrient supplementation, there is growing evidence that sustained improvements in early life and adult pre-pregnancy nutrition could improve birth outcomes in offspring. Building on these and other observations, we propose that strategies to improve fetal macronutrient delivery will be most effective if they modify the pregnancy metabolism of mothers by targeting nutrition prior to conception and even during early development, as a complement to the conventional focus on bolstering macronutrient intake during pregnancy itself. Our model leads to the prediction that birth weight will be more strongly influenced by the mother’s chronic pre-pregnancy nutrition than by pregnancy diet, and highlights the need for policy solutions aimed at optimizing future, intergenerational health outcomes. Lay summary: We propose that strategies to improve fetal macronutrient delivery will be most effective if they modify the pregnancy metabolism of mothers by targeting nutrition prior to conception and even during early development, as a complement to the conventional focus on bolstering macronutrient intake during pregnancy itself.

Diet and Nutritional Interventions with the Special Role of Myo-Inositol in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Management. An Evidence-Based Critical Appraisal

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 2467-2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Reyes-Muñoz ◽  
Federica Di Guardo ◽  
Michal Ciebiera ◽  
Ilker Kahramanoglu ◽  
Thozhukat Sathyapalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Dose Frequency ◽  
Nutritional Interventions

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, represents one of the most common maternal-fetal complications during pregnancy and it is associated with poor perinatal outcomes. To date, GDM is a rising condition over the last decades coinciding with the ongoing epidemic of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Objective: The aim of this review is to discuss the role of diet and nutritional interventions in preventing GDM with the explanation of the special role of myo-inositol (MI) in this matter. Methods: We performed an overview of the most recent literature data on the subject with particular attention to the effectiveness of diet and nutritional interventions in the prevention of GDM with the special role of MI. Results: Nutritional intervention and physical activity before and during pregnancy are mandatory in women affected by GDM. Moreover, the availability of insulin-sensitizers such as different forms of inositol has dramatically changed the scenario, allowing the treatment of several metabolic diseases, such as those related to glucose dysbalance. Although the optimal dose, frequency, and form of MI administration need to be further investigated, diet supplementation with MI appears to be an attractive alternative for the GDM prevention as well as for the reduction of GDM-related complications. Conclusion: More studies should be conducted to prove the most effective nutritional intervention in GDM. Regarding the potential effectiveness of MI, further evidence in multicenter, randomized controlled trials is needed to draw firm conclusions.

scholarly journals Higher Handgrip Strength Is Linked to Better Cognitive Performance in Chinese Adults with Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Shenghua Lu ◽  
Fabian Herold ◽  
Yanjie Zhang ◽  
Yuruo Lei ◽  
Arthur F. Kramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: There is growing evidence that in adults, higher levels of handgrip strength (HGS) are linked to better cognitive performance. However, the relationship between HGS and cognitive performance has not been sufficiently investigated in special cohorts, such as individuals with hypertension who have an intrinsically higher risk of cognitive decline. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between HGS and cognitive performance in adults with hypertension using data from the Global Ageing and Adult Health Survey (SAGE). Methods: A total of 4486 Chinese adults with hypertension from the SAGE were included in this study. Absolute handgrip strength (aHGS in kilograms) was measured using a handheld electronic dynamometer, and cognitive performance was assessed in the domains of short-term memory, delayed memory, and language ability. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to examine the association between relative handgrip strength (rHGS; aHGS divided by body mass index) and measures of cognitive performance. Results: Overall, higher levels of rHGS were associated with higher scores in short-term memory (β = 0.20) and language (β = 0.63) compared with the lowest tertiles of rHGS. In male participants, higher HGS was associated with higher scores in short-term memory (β = 0.31), language (β = 0.64), and delayed memory (β = 0.22). There were no associations between rHGS and cognitive performance measures in females. Conclusion: We observed that a higher level of rHGS was associated with better cognitive performance among hypertensive male individuals. Further studies are needed to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms, including sex-specific differences driving the relationship between measures of HGS and cognitive performance in individuals with hypertension.

Supplementation and Performance for Wheelchair Athletes: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Andreia Bauermann ◽  
Karina S.G. de Sá ◽  
Zilda A. Santos ◽  
Anselmo A. Costa e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplementation ◽  
Wheelchair Athletes ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Intervention Trials

This systematic review aimed to identify nutritional interventions and supplements that improve the performance for wheelchair athletes. Intervention trials involving high-performance wheelchair athletes were analyzed, including those that comprised a nutritional intervention, defined as any intervention related to food, beverages, and supplementation aiming at evaluating the performance of wheelchair athletes. Of the included studies, four evaluated caffeine supplementation, of which one also evaluated sodium citrate supplementation; two studies evaluated vitamin D supplementation; one study assessed creatine monohydrate supplementation; and one assessed carbohydrate supplementation. Most studies were conducted on athletes with spinal cord injury. Athletes who consumed caffeine exhibited an improvement in performance, but this finding is not strong enough to become a recommendation.

scholarly journals Vitamin and mineral nutrition for the health and development of the children of Europe

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1a) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Tomkins
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Childhood Nutrition ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Childhood Diet ◽  
Structure Of Communities ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
And Function

AbstractMost European countries are now affected by demographic transition and changing epidemiology of disease; the nutrition of children is increasingly recognised as crucial for present and future health. Adequate dietary intake and nutritional status among children are important for their own growth, development and function but there is now increasing evidence that childhood nutrition also influences adult health. Intrauterine nutrition influences adult morbidity and mortality, but the childhood diet and nutritional status modify the increased risk of being born small. Thus, childhood diet needs to be taken more seriously in order to improve a nation's health as well as producing bright, active children. A key factor is the recognition that nutritional interventions at different stages of the life cycle are necessary if childhood nutrition is to improve. The mosaic pattern of the geography and social structure of communities in Europe produces ‘poverty’ and ‘consumer’ related nutrition patterns - often side by side. At one extreme, there is an urgent need to prevent obesity; while at the other extreme serious attention is required towards the prevention of deficiency disorders, mostly related to poverty and social exclusion. Few European governments take childhood nutrition at all seriously. This paper reviews a number of micronutrient issues and makes the case for the development of evidence-based policies and programmes for improving the nutrition of children in Europe.

scholarly journals 190 PCBS, PCDDS AND PCDFS IN HUMAN MILK DOES A SHORT TERM-CHANGE IN MATERNAL DIET INFLUENCE THEIR CONCENTRATION?

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 34A-34A
Author(s):  
Beate Pietschnig ◽  
Karin Wiberg ◽  
Ferdinand Haschke ◽  
Christopher Rappe ◽  
Ernst Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Change ◽  
Term Change

scholarly journals The Precompetition Macronutrient Intake of Elite Gaelic Football Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 574-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathal Cassidy ◽  
Kieran Collins ◽  
Marcus Shortall
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Expected Frequency

Competition-related dietary intake has not yet been investigated in Gaelic football. The present study examined the precompetition macronutrient intake of elite male Gaelic football players. Forty players from two teams completed a food diary on the 2 days preceding competition (Day 1 and Day 2) and on the match day prior to the match (match day). Carbohydrate intake was significantly greater on Day 2 compared with Day 1, for both absolute (295 ± 98 vs. 318 ± 77 g;p = .048; −23.6 g, 95% confidence interval [−47.3, 0.2]; Cohen’sd = 0.27) and relative intake (3.4 ± 1.1 vs. 3.7 ± 1.0 g/kg;p = .027; −0.3 g/kg, 95% confidence interval [−0.6, −0.03]; Cohen’sd = 0.32). The number of players in accordance with and not in accordance with the guidelines for carbohydrate intake on Day 2 was significantly different to an expected frequency distribution, χ2(1) = 32.400;p ≤ .001; φ = 0.9, with a greater number of players not meeting the guidelines (observedN = 2 vs. 38). The number of players in accordance with and not in accordance with the recommendations for carbohydrate intake on match day was significantly different to an expected frequency distribution, χ2(1) = 8.100;p = .004; φ = 0.45, with a greater number of players meeting the guidelines (observedN = 29 vs. 11). The major finding from the current investigation was that a significantly greater number of players did not meet carbohydrate intake guidelines on the day before competition. Individualized nutritional interventions are required in order to modify the current prematch dietary intake.

scholarly journals Customized Nutritional Intervention to Improve Body Composition, Macronutrient Intake, and Nutritional Behavior in Moderate to Severe Obese Children and Adolescents (P21-063-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieun Kim ◽  
YoonMyung Kim ◽  
Kyung-Hee Park ◽  
Han Byul Jang ◽  
Hye-Ja Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Nutritional Behavior ◽  
Severely Obese

Abstract Objectives Evidence-based customized nutritional interventions are required for effective treatment of moderately-severely obese children and adolescents. Methods Eligible participants who agreed to participate in the intervention program provided informed consent. Customized nutritional intervention was implemented for each participant based on a nutrition care process (NCP) model. Sociodemographic assessment, anthropometrics, biochemical data, health- and dietary-related behaviors, and dietary intake of the study subjects were assessed at baseline and follow-up. All participants engaged in 30-minute nutritional sessions on a monthly basis. Results One hundred three [mean age: 12.4 years, severely obese: n = 69(67%)] children and adolescents were assessed at baseline. After 16 weeks, there were significant improvements in body composition [BMI (−0.8 ± 0.9, P < 0.05), BMI z-score (−0.3 ± 0.2, P < 0.001), body fat (kg) (−1.3 ± 2.1, P < 0.05), and body fat (%)(−1.5 ± 1.9, P < 0.05)] as well as macronutrient intake [total energy intake (kcal)(−563.7 ± 656.8, P < 0.05), energy (%)(−26.5 ± 30.0, P < 0.05) and fat (g)(−28.3 ± 40.6, P < 0.05)] in the adherent group than the non-adherent group. The stage of change according to the transtheoretical model (TTM) was higher in both groups after the intervention (P < 0.001). Conclusions Our customized nutritional intervention resulted in improvements in body composition, macronutrient intake, and nutritional behavior in adherent moderately-severely obese children and adolescents. These results highlight the positive effects of an evidence-based approach as a multidisciplinary intervention for people-centered nutritional care and weight management. Funding Sources This study was funded by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Grant 2015-ER6401-00.

scholarly journals Characterization and Validation of an “Acute Aerobic Exercise Load” as a Tool to Assess Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Nutrition in Healthy Subjects Using a Statistically Integrated Approach in a Comprehensive Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Youjin Kim ◽  
Sungkyoung Choi ◽  
Sungyoung Lee ◽  
Saejong Park ◽  
Ji Yeon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Exercise Load ◽  
Pathway Network ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The homeostatic challenge may provide unique opportunities for quantitative assessment of the health-promoting effects of nutritional interventions in healthy individuals. Objective. The present study is aimed at characterizing and validating the use of acute aerobic exercise (AAE) on a treadmill at 60% of VO2max for 30 min, in assessing the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of a nutritional intervention. In a controlled, randomized, parallel trial of Korean black raspberry (KBR) (n=24/group), fasting blood and urine samples collected before and following the AAE load at either baseline or 4-week follow-up were analyzed for biochemical markers, 1H-NMR metabolomics, and transcriptomics. The AAE was characterized using the placebo data only, and either the placebo or the treatment data were used in the validation. The AAE load generated a total of 50 correlations of 44 selected markers, based on Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis of 105 differential markers. Subsequent mapping of selected markers onto the KEGG pathway dataset showed 127 pathways relevant to the AAE load. Of these, 54 pathways involving 18 key targets were annotated to be related to oxidative stress and inflammation. The biochemical responses were amplified with the AAE load as compared to those with no load, whereas, the metabolomic and transcriptomic responses were downgraded. Furthermore, target-pathway network analysis revealed that the AAE load provided more explanations on how KBR exerted antioxidant effects in healthy subjects (29 pathways involving 12 key targets with AAE vs. 12 pathways involving 2 key targets without AAE). This study provides considerable insight into the molecular changes incurred by AAE and furthers our understanding that AAE-induced homeostatic perturbation could magnify oxidative and inflammatory responses, thereby providing a unique opportunity to test functional foods for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory purposes in clinical settings with healthy subjects.

scholarly journals Mapping the Literature on Nutritional Interventions in Cognitive Health: A Data-Driven Approach

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Erin Walsh ◽  
Nicolas Cherbuin
Keyword(s):  
Citation Network ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Cognitive Ageing ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Citation Network Analysis ◽  
Data Driven Approach

Manual review of the extensive literature covering nutrition-based lifestyle interventions to promote healthy cognitive ageing has proved educational, however, data-driven techniques can better account for the large size of the literature (tens of thousands of potentially relevant publications to date) and interdisciplinary nature, where relevant publications may be found. In this study, we present a new way to map the literature landscape, focusing on nutrition-based lifestyle interventions to promote healthy cognitive ageing. We applied a combination of citation network analysis and text mining to map out the existing literature on nutritional interventions and cognitive health. Results indicated five overarching clusters of publications, which could be further deconstructed into a total of 35 clusters. These could be broadly distinguished by the focus on lifespan stages (e.g., infancy versus older age), and specificity regarding nutrition (e.g., a narrow focus on iodine deficiency versus a broad focus on weight gain). Rather than concentrating into a single cluster, interventions were present throughout the majority of the research. We conclude that a data-driven map of the nutritional intervention literature can benefit the design of future interventions, by highlighting topics and themes that could be synthesized across currently disconnected clusters of publications.

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