Target Setting in Tournaments: Theory and Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (623) ◽  
pp. 2888-2915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Li ◽  
Chong Liu ◽  
Xi Weng ◽  
Li-An Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Tullock Contest ◽  
Optimal Target ◽  
Upper Level

Abstract Motivated by the prevalence of economic targets at all levels of territory administration in China, this article proposes a Tullock contest model to study optimal target setting in a multi-layered tournament-based organisation. In our model, targets are used by upper-level officials to convey the importance of economic growth and incentivise subordinates in the tournaments. Our model predicts a top-down amplification of economic growth targets along the jurisdiction levels, which explains the observed pattern in China. Using both provincial and prefectural-level data, we test the model predictions and find consistent evidence.

scholarly journals Harnessing Agricultural Potentials for Economic Growth in North Carolina

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaranjana Herath ◽  
David Hill
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Rural Counties ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Bureau Of Labor Statistics

Agriculture in North Carolina contributes to 19 percent of the state’s income and employs over 20 percent of the work force. Agricultural activities are significant in rural counties and nearly 30 percent of the total population of North Carolina lives in 85 rural counties. Individuals in these rural counties have less income, education, and employment opportunities eventually in high poverty and unemployment rates. The objective of this study is to examine the potential use of agriculture in economic growth of North Carolina using county level data. Data were gathered from U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and U.S. Census Bureau for the period of 2000 to 2010. A system of simultaneous equations is used for the analysis. Results highlight that increasing income increases agricultural activities and vise versa. Thus, the counties with high household income levels are more capable of incorporating agriculture in economic growth while the counties with significant agricultural activities are more competent of improving income levels. Overall, results conclude the importance of secured satisfactory level of income through agriculture to enhance economic growth.

Occupational Segregation, Teachers' Wages, and American Economic Growth

1986 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Teacher Wages

National, state, and individual-level data are used to explore the implications of the crowding of educated women into the teaching profession in nineteenth-century America. It is found that the more young women attended school, the lower were teacher wages and the price of educational services. Through this mechanism young women paid for their own education and, by lowering the price of educational services, helped America develop the best-educated population in the world by the century's end.

scholarly journals Relative sea-level data from the SEAMIS database compared to ICE-5G model predictions of glacial isostatic adjustment

Data in Brief ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 104600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mann ◽  
Maren Bender ◽  
Thomas Lorscheid ◽  
Paolo Stocchi ◽  
Matteo Vacchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Glacial Isostatic Adjustment ◽  
Relative Sea Level ◽  
Isostatic Adjustment ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Model Predictions

Behind the Growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Tian
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Planned Economy ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Planning Education ◽  
The Future ◽  
Education In China

This article examines the evolution of planning education in China in response to rapid social and economic changes, the growth of planning schools and students, and curriculum design development in various planning schools. It argues that the legacy of the planned economy still influences planning education, which means top–down, elite-driven, and blueprint-style planning that lacks a wide social foundation. With the advent of rapid urbanization and explosive economic growth, further changes to planning education in terms of values, approaches, and targets will be needed in the future.

Openness and Innovation

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
New Products ◽  
New Product ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Openness To Trade

This article uses firm-level data for India to examine the determinants of innovation activity, focusing on variables related to economic openness. Firms that export and those that import are found to be significantly more likely to engage in innovation, defined sequentially as the introduction of new products, new processes, new systems, or devotion of financial resources or time to research and development. Concretely, exporters are 22 per cent more likely to introduce a new product than non-exporters, while the corresponding figure is 66 per cent for importers. Openness to trade is, therefore, a key determinant of firm-level innovation, which is a key component of economic growth.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE DEVELOPMENT BASED ON TAX BURDEN OPTIMIZATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Tatyana Mykhailivna Odintsova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
Priority Ranking

Urgency of the research. Difficulties in the macroeco-nomic environment and budgetary issues intensify within the volatile environment of Ukrainian economy. The causes include excessive tax burden. Target setting. Thus tax burden issues analysis taking into consideration resource potential particularities of the economy of the various regions of the country is the priority for their economic growth facilitation. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Theoretical and applied framework of tax burden effect on the economy analysis has been started by Arthur Laffer. Valuable contributions into theory and methodology have been done by the following prominent scientists: Yu. Ananiashvili, Ye. Balatskyi, A. Gusev, M. Kakaulina, V. Fedosova, V. O. parina, V. Sutormina, N. Riazanova, O. Girna, O. Sydorovych. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The need in research work at named field still remains, especially taking into account specific features of regions and national economy development in the context of transition economy. The research objective. Laffer's theory special aspects investigation in tax burden optimization of regions sphere, methodological approach extension in terms of tax manage-ment based on the principles of the rational use of of re-sources, optimal tax burden priority directions substantiation with the objective of to provide economic growth. The statement of basic materials. This paper presents specific features of the tax burden in the regions of Ukraine. Methodological approach is proposed which provides means to optimize tax burden of the regions, increase economic feasibility level when making decisions concerning priority ranking of the regions development. Conclusions. Undertaken study allows to claim that re-gions of Ukraine are featured with different effect of the tax burden on economic system. Assessment of Ukrainian regions tax burden optimization pattern to the level facilitating economic growth has shown that even slight increase in output can allow to increase substantially tax revenue level.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH (PAD), DANA ALOKASI UMUM DAN DANA ALOKASI KHUSUS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI KOTA TOMOHON

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olvy Beatriks Talangamin ◽  
Paulus . Kindangen ◽  
Rosalina A.M. Koleangan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Local Revenue ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Positive Effect

ABSTRAKPertumbuhan ekonomi merupakan salah satu indikator yang digunakan dalam  menentukan keberhasilan pembangunan. Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi dapat membuat kesejahteraan masyarakat menjadi semakin baik. Pertumbuhan ekonomi dapat diartikan sebagai perkembangan kegiatan dalam perekonomian yang menyebabkan barang dan jasa yang diproduksi dalam masyarakat bertambah (Sukirno, 2010).  Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh PAD, DAU dan DAK terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kota Tomohon. Desentralisi berarti penyerahan urusan pemerintah dari pemerintah daerah tingkat atas kepada daerah (kuncoro, 2006). Semakin tinggi PAD yang diperoleh suatu daerah maka akan semakin tinggi pertumbuhan ekonomi di daerah tersebut.  Menurut Brata (2004) yang dikutip oleh Adi dan Harianto (2007) menyatakan bahwa terdapat dua komponen penerimaan daerah yang berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah yaitu PAD serta sumbangan dan bantuan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda.  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pendapatan asli daerah berpengaruh positif akan tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. dana alokasi umum berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. dana alokasi khusus berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Kata Kunci: Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU), Dana Alokasi Khusus (DAK) dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi ABSTRACTEconomic growth is one of the indicators used in determining the success of development. High economic growth can make people's welfare even better Economic growth can be defined as the development of activities in the economy that cause goods and services produced in the community increases (Sukirno, 2010).  The purpose of this study is to analyze how the influence of PAD, DAU and DAK on economic growth in Tomohon City. Decentralization means the handover of government affairs from upper level regional governments to regions (kuncoro, 2006). The higher the PAD obtained by a region, the higher the economic growth in the region. According Brata (2004) cited by Adi and Harianto (2007) states that there are two components of local revenue that significantly positive effect on regional economic growth that is PAD and donations and assistance. The analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis. The result of research shows that the original revenue of the region has positive but not significant effect on the economic growth. general allocation funds have a significant positive effect on economic growth. special allocation funds have a significant positive effect on economic growth. Keywords: Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), General Allocation Fund (DAU), Special Allocation Fund (DAK) and Economic Growth

scholarly journals Elements of Cyber-Socially Physical Systems in “Smart Cities”

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Environmental Sensors ◽  
Maximum Throughput ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Single Data

The implementation of plans to create "smart cities" as one of the most important areas of the digital economy requires the priority development of transport infrastructure, ensuring the movement of people and goods within the city and adjacent territories. Safe operation and maximum throughput of the resulting cyberphysical system are possible provided that a diagnostic technology is created for transport infrastructure facilities, including video-based road conditions. The author's vision of the problems of mathematical modeling of cyber-physical systems in transport is presented as a three-level hierarchical structure, including environmental sensors at the lower level, data processing centers (DPC) at the middle level and a single data storage center for developing management decisions at the upper level. Prospects for data center modeling based on a multi-agent approach and a technical vision algorithm that is proposed to be implemented as a program on a mobile device to identify objects of transport infrastructure and their defects using stereometry are explored. The presented algorithm can be used in the planning of road repairs and buildings construction, in the analysis of road and buildings' accidents by expert engineers, in the processing of applications of inhabitants’ complaints, etc.

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