Jesuits and the Politics of Religious Pluralism in Eighteenth-Century Transylvania: Culture, Politics and Religion, 1693-1773

This article discusses John Glas, a minister deposed by the Church of Scotland in 1728, in order to examine the growth of religious pluralism in Scotland. The article begins by considering why Glas abandoned Presbyterian principles of Church government, adopting Congregationalist views instead. Glas's case helped to change the Scottish church courts’ conception of deposed ministers, reflecting a reappraisal of Nonconformity. Moreover, Glas's experiences allow us to distinguish between church parties formed to conduct business, and those representing theological attitudes. Finally, Glas's case calls into question the broadest definitions of the ‘Scottish Enlightenment’, drawing attention to the emergence of pluralism.

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Jesuits and the Politics of Religious Pluralism in Eighteenth-Century Transylvania

10.4324/9781315251530 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Paul Shore

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Religious Pluralism

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RELIGIOUS PLURALISM IN AN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY TOWN

The Practice of Pluralism ◽

10.5325/j.ctv14gp5zr.8 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 138-180

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Religious Pluralism

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Charismatic Revelations

The Oxford Handbook of Divine Revelation ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198795353.013.16 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 185-202

Author(s):

Douglas H. Shantz

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Eighteenth Century ◽

Sixteenth Century ◽

Religious Pluralism ◽

Modern Science ◽

Charles Taylor ◽

Personal Commitment ◽

The Reformation ◽

Direct Encounter ◽

The Impact

The notion of ‘charismatic revelations’ is a modern one, reflecting the individualism and theological conflicts arising from the Reformation of the sixteenth century. Charismatic revelations can be found in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Protestant movements such as German Pietism and English Evangelicalism and are notable in twentieth-century Pentecostalism and charismatic renewal. Charles Taylor has described the burden of individualism that came with the break-up of Christendom under the impact of the Reformation and the rise of modern science. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries there arose ‘a new Christianity of personal commitment’ (Taylor 2007, 143–144). In German Pietism and English Methodism the stress was upon feeling, emotion, and a living faith, reflecting the logic of Enlightenment ‘subjectification’. The predicament of these believers and their religious individualism was marked by spiritual instability, melancholy, and doubt. This predicament provides the context for understanding the rise of charismatic revelations. Under the burden of growing secularism, religious pluralism, and existential angst and isolation, a host of modern believers found meaning and hope through experiences of direct encounter with God that included his personal speaking addressed to their inmost being.

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