Developing Traps for the Spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A Francese ◽  
Miriam F Cooperband ◽  
Kelly M Murman ◽  
Stefani L Cannon ◽  
Everett G Booth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Ailanthus Altissima ◽  
Relative Ease ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Lycorma Delicatula ◽  
Trapping Methods ◽  
Phloem Feeding

Abstract The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White), an invasive, phloem-feeding fulgorid generalist, was recently discovered in the United States. Current trapping methods include placing glue-covered sticky bands around trunks of host trees to exploit the lanternfly’s behavior of climbing up tree trunks. These bands are messy and need to be replaced often as they become covered in both target and nontarget insects and debris. Fourth instar nymphs and adults have also shown an ability to escape from traditional tree bands or avoid capture. A promising commercially available tree band (BugBarrier) design that faces inward to the trunk and targets larger developmental stages was tested. A modified pecan weevil trap (circle trunk trap) was also compared with tree bands. This design does not require the use of insect-trapping adhesive. Circle trunk traps caught more third and fourth instar and adult L. delicatula than BugBarrier bands. Flight intercept traps caught fewer adult L. delicatula than trunk-based tree bands. In a separate comparison, more spotted lanternflies were caught on adhesive-coated ‘tree mimicking’ traps placed along the edges of Ailanthus altissima Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae) stands than away from hosts in an open field. Circle trunk traps are recommended for their effectiveness at capturing L. delicatula as well as their relative ease-of-use and reusability.

scholarly journals Development of Behaviorally Based Monitoring and Biosurveillance Tools for the Invasive Spotted Lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1117-1126
Author(s):  
Laura J Nixon ◽  
Heather Leach ◽  
Caitlin Barnes ◽  
Julie Urban ◽  
Danielle M Kirkpatrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Collection Device ◽  
Lycorma Delicatula ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Current Monitoring ◽  
Phloem Feeding

Abstract The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula White, is an invasive planthopper (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) that was first detected in the United States in Berks County, PA, in 2014, and has since spread in the mid-Atlantic region. This phloem-feeding pest has a broad host range, including economically important crops such as grape where their feeding causes dieback of infested plants. Monitoring the presence and abundance of L. delicatula is of utmost importance to develop pest management approaches. Current monitoring practices include sticky bands deployed on tree trunks, sometimes paired with commercially available methyl salicylate lures. A drawback associated with sticky bands is the high numbers of nontarget captures. Here, we developed traps for L. delicatula based on a circle trap originally designed for weevils. These traps are comprised of a screen funnel that wraps around the trunk of a tree and guides individuals walking up the trunk into a collection device. In 2018 and 2019, we compared circle trap designs with sticky bands in Pennsylvania and Virginia. In both years, circle trap designs yielded captures that were equivalent to or exceeded captures of L. delicatula on sticky bands. Nontarget captures were significantly lower for circle traps compared with sticky bands. Presence of a methyl salicylate lure in association with traps deployed on host trees or vertical tree-mimicking posts did not increase L. delicatula captures compared with unbaited traps. Circle traps, modified using vinyl screen and a larger collection device, present an alternative to the current approach with reduced nontarget capture for monitoring L. delicatula.

scholarly journals Performance and Host Association of Spotted Lanternfly (Lycorma Delicatula) among Common Woody Ornamentals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osariyekemwen Uyi ◽  
Keller Joseph A. ◽  
Kelli Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Woody Ornamentals ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Lycorma Delicatula ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Similar Survival ◽  
Salix Babylonica

Abstract Despite the broad host range of Lycorma delicatula, the performance of this invasive pest on non-Ailanthus host plant species is difficult to document realistically without using field conditions given this pest’s requirements for vast amounts of phloem. In spring 2020, we examined the performance of L. delicatula with and without access to Ailanthus altissima by tracking development, survival, host tree association and oviposition in large enclosures planted with one each of Juglans nigra, Salix babylonica and Acer saccharinum along with either one A. altissima or one Betula nigra. We reared nymphs with and without access to A. altissima, released them into the corresponding large enclosures as third instars, and monitored them from early July 2020 through November 2020. Insect survival was higher and development faster with access to A. altissima. Third and fourth instar nymphs were most frequently observed on A. altissima when it was present, while adults were equally associated with A. saccharinum and A. altissima. In the absence of A. altissima, nymphs were most frequently found on S. babylonica, while adults were most often on A. saccharinum. Females with access to A. altissima deposited nearly 7-fold more egg masses than those without access to A. altissima. In another experiment, the offspring of parents that had been reared without access to A. altissima showed similar survival and development time from egg to adult as offspring from parents that never had access to A. altissima. These findings suggest that managers need to be aware that even in the absence of A. altissima in the landscape, several hardwood host trees can be utilized by L. delicatula to develop and reproduce.

scholarly journals Dispersal and Oviposition Patterns of Lycorma Delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) During Oviposition Period in Ailanthus Altissima (Simaroubaceae)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhyung Jung ◽  
Jung-Wook Kho ◽  
Do-Hun Gook ◽  
Young Su Lee ◽  
Doo-Hyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Ailanthus Altissima ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Lycorma Delicatula ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract The spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), has the potential to become a global pest and is currently expanding its range in the United States. In this study, we investigated the dispersal patterns of SLF in Ailanthus altissima during its oviposition period in South Korea using fluorescent marking system. Oviposition patterns of SLF were then analyzed by surveying egg masses in A. altissima patches. The recapture rate of fluorescent-marked SLF rapidly decreased < 30% within the first two weeks. During the oviposition period, seven cases of among-patch dispersal of SLF adults were observed with a minimum estimated dispersal distance mainly ranging between 10 - 60 m and a maximum of 1,740 m. Also, the number of A. altissima trees detected with fluorescent-marked SLF increased until late September. Based on the egg mass survey, a total of 159 egg masses were detected from 38 out of 247 A. altissima trees. Furthermore, ca. 80% of egg masses were located < 2.5 m above the ground. Finally, the number of egg masses showed significant positive correlations with the height and diameter at root collar of A. altissima trees; both tree height and DRC were significantly larger from the trees with egg masses.

Are Non-Target Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Exposed to Dinotefuran From Spotted Lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) Trap Trees?

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2993-2996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Underwood ◽  
Brian Breeman ◽  
Joseph Benton ◽  
Jason Bielski ◽  
Julie Palkendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quechers Method ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Lycorma Delicatula ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Worker Bee

Abstract The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, is an introduced plant hopper that causes significant damage to host plants in the United States. Because of its affinity for tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima, control efforts have focused on the use of the systemic insecticide, dinotefuran, in designated trap trees. There is concern about exposure to this pesticide by non-target species, especially honey bees, Apis mellifera, via lanternfly honeydew. Therefore, honey bee colonies were established in areas of high densities of trap trees and samples of honey, bees, and beeswax were collected in May, July, and October of 2017 for analysis. Samples were extracted by the QuEChERS method and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to determine the presence and quantity of dinotefuran. Additionally, honeydew from lanternflies was analyzed for dinotefuran and informal observations of trap tree visitors were made. None of the worker bee, wax, or honey samples indicated detectable levels of dinotefuran; however, honeydew samples collected did contain dinotefuran above the detection limit with amounts ranging from 3 to 100 ng per sample. The lack of dinotefuran in honey bee products matches the general absence of honey bees at trap trees in informal observations.

Genesis of Alcohol-Induced Craniofacial Dysmorphism

2005 ◽  
Vol 230 (6) ◽  
pp. 366-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen K. Sulik
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Resistant Cell ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Craniofacial Dysmorphism

The initial diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in the United States was made because of the facial features common to the first cohort of patients. This article reviews the development of an FAS mouse model whose craniofacial features are remarkably similar to those of affected humans. The model is based on short-term maternal treatment with a high dosage of ethanol at stages of pregnancy that are equivalent to Weeks 3 and 4 of human gestation. At these early stages of development, alcohol’s insult to the developing face is concurrent with that to the brain, eyes, and inner ear. That facial and central nervous system defects consistent with FAS can be induced by more “realistic” alcohol dosages as illustrated with data from an oral alcohol intake mouse model in which maternal blood alcohol levels do not exceed 200 mg/dl. The ethanol-induced pathogenesis involves apoptosis that occurs within 12 hrs of alcohol exposure in selected cell populations of Day 7, 8, and 9 mouse embryos. Experimental evidence from other species also shows that apoptosis underlies ethanol-induced malformations. With knowledge of sensitive and resistant cell populations at specific developmental stages, studies designed to identify the basis for these differing cellular responses and, therefore, to determine the primary mechanisms of ethanol’s teratogenesis are possible. For example, microarray comparisons of sensitive and resistant embryonic cell populations have been made, as have in situ studies of gene expression patterns in the populations of interest. Studies that illustrate agents that are effective in diminishing or exacerbating ethanol’s teratogenesis have also been helpful in determining mechanisms. Among these agents are antioxidants, sonic hedgehog protein, retinoids, and the peptides SAL and NAP.

A SECONDARY EFFECT OF DDT UPON THE AQUATIC MICROFLORA AND MICROFAUNA

1958 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall Laird
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Anopheles Maculipennis ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Heavy Infestation

Observations were made on the microflora and microfauna of infusions in which larvae of Anopheles maculipennis atroparvus were being subjected to DDT selection pressure (2 μg/ml). Comparisons with controls indicated that the insecticide influenced neither the species representation nor the succession of the organisms concerned. However, heavy initial larval mortality took place. Dead larvae remaining in the containers overnight became centers of very rapid bacterial multiplication, and the maturation of the experimental infusions was accelerated. The larval cultures became polysaprobic after about two weeks, by which time the surviving larvae were in the fourth instar. These survivors were large and healthy, having spent their early developmental period in the presence of a rich supply of infusion organisms answering their food requirements, and successfully withstood the deteriorating environmental conditions and consequent heavy infestation with epibionts (Chlamydobacteriales and peritrichous ciliates). On the other hand, fourth instar larvae from similar infusions in the laboratory colony of A, m. atroparvus were often undersized and sickly because of early overcrowding linked with the initially longer time required for the development of an adequate yield of food organisms. Such larvae, also pupae, frequently died of exhaustion due to undernourishment and complicated by the hampering of their activity by a vestiture of bacteria and ciliates. This explained the paradox that adults derived from the laboratory colony tended to be less robust than those hatching from developmental stages subjected to DDT selection pressure. Besides pointing to the importance of paying due regard to larval environmental factors in resistance studies, these observations suggest the need for field investigations of the significance of similar chains of events in nature.

Active Transport by the Cecropia Midgut

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
J. A. HASKELL ◽  
W. R. HARVEY ◽  
R. M. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Systematic Effect ◽  
Nernst Equation ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Intermediate Value

1. The electrical potential across the isolated midgut of five developmental stages of the Cecropia silkworm was studied by changing the concentration of single cations in solutions bathing each side of the midgut. The stages included feeding fourth-instar insects, insects moulting from the fourth to the fifth instar, feeding fifth-instar insects, insects which had evacuated their midguts, and insects spinning cocoons. 2. Average values of the initial maximal potential exhibited by the midgut in solutions containing K, Mg, and Ca but no Na, for the stages mentioned above, were 68, 83, 90, 124, and 2 mV., respectively. 3. In all of the developmental stages studied except the ‘spinning larva’, reducing the potassium concentration from 32 to 2 mM/l. on the blood-side of the isolated gut lowers the potential, on the lumen-side of the gut raises the potential and on both sides gives an intermediate value. 4. When the potential prior to a decrease in concentration of potassium on the blood-side is over 100 mV., the Nernst slope approaches 59 mV. 5. A tenfold reduction in the concentration of magnesium or the addition of 32 mM/l. sodium to the solutions bathing the isolated gut has no systematic effect on the potential. 6. A tenfold drop in the concentration of calcium in the solutions causes changes in the potential in the opposite direction from those predicted by the Nernst equation. 7. The pH of the midgut contents rises from early fourth instar to late fifth instar. The hydrogen-ion concentration of the blood is about 1000 times more than that of midgut contents in fifth-instar insects. 8. Neither synthetic ecdysone, partially purified natural ecdysone nor juvenile hormone has an effect on the potential or current of the isolated midgut over periods as long as 30 min.

Bombing Flies

2018 ◽  
pp. 223-246
Author(s):  
Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Aerial Spraying ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Ground Spraying

This chapter explores the use of aircraft to spray organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). It begins by tracing the origins of the practice in KwaZulu, South Africa, where ndege were adopted for pesticide spraying because of their ease of use, capacity for large-scale coverage, very few personnel required, and capability to reach mpukane habitats otherwise inaccessible by ground spraying. The second section examines the technical aspects of aerial spraying as an example of the extension of methods designed in the United States for agricultural or military purposes to deal with zvipukanana and with conditions for which they were not originally designed. In the final sections, the deployment and performance of first fixed-wing aircraft and then helicopters are closely examined.

Impact of General Social Media Experience on Usefulness for Business in the Workplace

2014 ◽  
pp. 14-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Amoroso ◽  
Tsuneki Mukahi ◽  
Mikako Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Collective Knowledge ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Media Experience ◽  
Behavioral Intention To Use ◽  
Media Applications

This chapter looks at the adoption of general social media applications on usefulness for business, comparing the factors that influence adoption at work between Japan and the United States. In Japan, ease of use and usefulness for collective knowledge in general social media are predictors of usefulness for business social media, and in the United States, only usefulness for collective knowledge is a strong predictor of usefulness for business. The authors did not find behavioral intention to use social media in the workplace to be an important factor in predicting the usefulness of social media for business. The value of this research is its ability to understand the use of social media in the workplace to include how the experience of social media impacts on the expectation of usefulness for business and how the impact of ease of use differs from Japanese to the United States because of cultural, technological, and market reasons.

Collaborating Across the Pond: Cognitively Guided Instruction Project

2019 ◽  
pp. 401-405
Author(s):  
Lio Moscardini
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
The United States ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Cognitively Guided Instruction ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Pedagogical Content ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Scottish Government ◽  
Guided Instruction

This paper describes a primary-school (ages 5-11) project implemented in Scotland, based on the United States research from Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI), and as envisioned by Dr. Lio Moscardini. Three schools, two public and one private, participated in this two-year long initial study that focused on helping teachers to understand the developmental stages pupils naturally progress through in order to understand the mathematics for their class level as defined by the Scottish government. This project provides evidence that a rise in attainment can occur by focusing on teachers’ knowledge, pedagogy, and pedagogical content knowledge in relation to mathematics rather than by focusing on attainment itself. Additionally, this project addresses the teaching and learning of a diverse group of students, i.e. inclusion, low socio-economics.

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