scholarly journals Erratum to “Spatial and Climatic Factors Influence Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Abundance in Intensively Managed Plantations of Eastern Black Walnut”

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-268
Author(s):  
G M Williams ◽  
M D Ginzel
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Eastern Black Walnut

Spatial and Climatic Factors Influence Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Abundance in Intensively Managed Plantations of Eastern Black Walnut

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
G M Williams ◽  
M D Ginzel
Keyword(s):  
Black Walnut ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Eastern Black Walnut

Abstract Invasive ambrosia beetles are among the most economically important pests of forest and plantation trees world-wide. The development of effective management guidelines for these pests in plantations of high-value hardwood species is hindered by a lack of baseline information regarding their seasonal abundance and dispersal behavior. By analyzing long-term monitoring data from intensively-managed plantations of eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) in north-central Indiana, we identified key spatial and climatic variables that could improve the timing and precision of management actions to reduce ambrosia beetle populations. We also used geospatial analyses to compare species-specific spatial patterns of population density and evaluate the sensitivity of the trap density deployed in our long-term monitoring efforts. Xyleborinus saxesenii Ratzeburg and Xylosandrus crassiusculus Matschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were more abundant during the spring in years preceded by a hot, dry growing season, and cold winter. Both species were positively associated with plantation edges during the fall flight period. However, X. saxesenii was less abundant in plantations close to forest corridors, whereas X. crassiusculus was more abundant in plantations closer to woodlots and other walnut plantations. Geospatial analysis revealed X. crassiusculus is active in larger, more spatially continuous patches than X. saxesenii, and that 200-m trap spacing is likely to be sufficient to detect both species in the spring flight period but may be insufficient to detect X. saxesenii during the fall flight period. Our findings underscore the power and utility of long-term monitoring to improve management strategies.

Growth, Yield, and Value Projections for Black Walnut Interplantings with Black Alder and Autumn Olive

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene E. Campbell ◽  
Jeffrey O. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Yield ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Usda Forest Service ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Autumn Olive ◽  
Rotation Age ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
X 32 ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Eastern Black Walnut

Abstract Silvicultural practices to reduce managerial inputs, increase yields, and decrease rotation age for eastern black walnut contribute substantially toward making this species more attractive as a forestry investment. Height and diameter measurements of black walnut interplanted with European black alder or autumn olive were taken at ages 14 and 18 in fifth-acre plots at a location in southern Illinois. Black walnut had been planted by USDA Forest Service scientists at a 12 x 32-ft spacing. For the interplanted plots, three black alder or autumn olive were planted within the rows between the walnut trees at a spacing of 8 ft. Based on projections of average dbh, the autumn olive and walnut mixture possessed the highest estimated black walnut yields and return on investment. Average dbh values of 11 in. were projected for the interplanted walnut at age 31. In the black alder interplanting it was estimated that similar rates of growth would require 40 years. Estimated dbh for the control plantings did not reach merchantable sawlog size within the 80-year projection period. Interplanting black walnut with nitrogen-fixing tree species also is well adapted for marginal farmland and may provide landowners with returns that match or exceed those from other more intensively managed alternatives. North. J. Appl. For. 6:129-132, September 1989.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Recovery from Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers and Urea in Intensively Managed Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) Plantations

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Joshua L. Sloan ◽  
Francis K. Salifu ◽  
Douglass F. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Black Walnut ◽  
Juglans Nigra ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Fertilizer N Recovery ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Polymer Coated Urea

Intensively managed forest plantations often require fertilization to maintain site fertility and to improve growth and yield over successive rotations. We applied urea-based “enhanced-efficiency fertilizers” (EEF) containing 0.5 atom% 15N at a rate of 224 kg N ha−1 to soils under mid-rotation black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) plantations to track the fate of applied 15N within aboveground ecosystem components during the 12-month period after application. Treatments included Agrotain Ultra (urea coated with a urease inhibitor), Arborite EC (urea coated with water-soluble boron and phosphate), Agrium ESN (polymer-coated urea), uncoated urea, and an unfertilized control. Agrotain Ultra and Arborite EC increased N concentrations of competing vegetation within one month after fertilization, while neither Agrium ESN nor uncoated urea had any effect on competing vegetation N concentrations during the experiment. Agrotain Ultra and Arborite EC increased δ15N values in leaves of crop trees above those of controls at one and two months after fertilization, respectively. By contrast, Agrium ESN and uncoated urea had no effect on δ15N values in leaves of crop trees until three months after fertilization. Fertilizer N recovery (FNR) varied among ecosystem components, with competing vegetation acting as a sink for applied nutrients. There were no significant differences in FNR for all the urea-based EEF products compared to uncoated urea. Agrium ESN was the only EEF that exhibited controlled-release activity in this study, with other fertilizers behaving similarly to uncoated urea.

scholarly journals Black Walnut (Juglans nigra L.) Agroforestry – Its Design and Potential as a Land-use Alternative

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Garrett ◽  
J. E. Jones ◽  
W. B. Kurtz ◽  
J. P. Slusher
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Investment Returns ◽  
Nut Production ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Eastern Black Walnut

Integrated forestry-farming (agroforestry) management typically involves the planting of trees at a wide spacing with intercrops grown in alleys between trees. A program initiated in Missouri, USA in 1965 establishes eastern black walnut on a 40- × 10-foot spacing with row intercrops (wheat, milo, soybeans etc.) for the first 10-to-12 years followed by cover crops of cool-season forages thereafter. Specialty crops of Christmas trees, balled and burlapped landscaping species, small berry crops and vegetables are also grown during the early years of plantation establishment. Contrary to conventional management of black walnut, short, clear boles (8 to 16 feet in length) with large full crowns for nut production are developed for maximization of profits. Economic analyses show the highest investment returns associated with management practices combining nut and wood production within an agroforestry regime. Key words: Forestry-farming, agroforestry, eastern black walnut, economics

scholarly journals Walnut Twig Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Colonization of Eastern Black Walnut Nursery Trees

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson Audley ◽  
William E. Klingeman ◽  
Albert Mayfield ◽  
Scott Myers ◽  
Adam Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Black Walnut ◽  
Nursery Trees ◽  
Walnut Twig Beetle ◽  
Eastern Black Walnut

scholarly journals Ambered Kernels in Stenospermocarpic Fruit of Eastern Black Walnut

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1142-1147
Author(s):  
Michele R. Warmund ◽  
J.W. Van Sambeek
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Juglans Nigra ◽  
Embryo Axis ◽  
Successive Sampling ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Eastern Black Walnut

“Ambers” is a term used to describe poorly filled, shriveled eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) kernels with a dark brown or black-colored pellicle that are unmarketable. Studies were conducted to determine the incidence of ambered black walnut kernels and to ascertain when symptoms were apparent in specific tissues. The occurrence of ambered kernels was evaluated in fruit harvested from mature ‘Football’ trees growing at three sites within a commercial black walnut orchard in 2008 to 2010. Mature walnut fruit sampled from trees at Site 2 had greater odds for ambered kernels than those on trees at two other sites within the same orchard with 27% of the walnuts sampled exhibiting symptoms when examined in October. Also, black walnut fruit in 2010 had more ambered kernels than those examined in Oct. 2008 or 2009. Cropload, soil type, ambient temperatures, or precipitation was not apparently associated with a high incidence of ambered kernels. When black walnut fruit from trees at Site 2 were examined from 25 June to 6 Oct. 2011, embryos were visible in 50% of the fruit without discoloration on the first date. Stenospermocarpy (e.g., aborted or rudimentary embryos after fertilization) was observed in fruit with discolored or ambered kernels as early as 7 July. Stenospermocarpic fruit with ambered kernels had shorter embryo axis lengths (root apex to shoot apex) than fruit with non-ambered kernels on 7 July and at successive sampling dates. Cotyledon widths of ambered kernels in stenospermocarpic fruit were narrower than those of non-ambered kernels on 21 July, but symptomatic cotyledons continued to enlarge until 15 Sept. All fruit enlarged during the growing season and nut diameters varied by only 3.4 mm at harvest. Thus, visible embryo degeneration, which was associated with ambered kernels in black walnut fruit, was detected in early July when shell hardening occurs and kernel tissues are enlarging.

scholarly journals Luther Burbank’s Contributions to Walnuts

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Preece ◽  
Gale McGranahan
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Thin Shells ◽  
White Meat ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Persian Walnut ◽  
Soft Shell ◽  
Juglans Hindsii ◽  
Very High ◽  
Eastern Black Walnut

Luther Burbank began making controlled crosses between walnut species in the late 19th century after hearing about a “supposed natural European hybrid walnut.” He crossed Juglans hindsii (northern California black walnut) × J. regia (Persian walnut) and produced progeny that he named ‘Paradox’ because of its extremely fast growth and other “anomalies.” He also crossed two American species, J. hindsii × J. nigra (eastern black walnut), producing ‘Royal’ walnut progeny that were fast-growing and prolific nut producers. A third interspecific hybrid was a cross between J. ailantifolia (Japanese walnut) × J. regia that resulted in extremely vigorous progeny but was not named. He observed segregation in the F2 populations and described giants and dwarfs as reversions to ancestral forms. Luther Burbank also made selections for walnut scion cultivars and was especially interested in thin-shelled nuts. He collected seeds from a J. regia growing in San Francisco because it produced regularly and had very high-quality nuts with relatively thin but poorly sealed shells. He selected one of its seedlings as ‘Santa Rosa Soft-Shell’ and described it as bearing large crops of nuts that were nearly white with thin shells and delicious white meat. Burbank’s contributions to the walnut industry endure to this day, especially through the widespread use of seedling and clonal ‘Paradox’ walnut rootstocks.

Mycorrhizae Benefit Growth and Development of Eastern Black Walnut Seedlings

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Melichar ◽  
Harold E. Garrett ◽  
Gene S. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Eastern Black Walnut

Abstract Eastern black walnut seedlings were inoculated with four vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal-forming fungi and grown in the greenhouse for 198 days. Stem and root growth of inoculated and noninoculated control plants were compared. Growth and development of seedlings inoculated with Glomus microcarpus, G. mosseae, or G. microcarpus + G. fasciculatus were superior to those of seedlings inoculated with G. caledonius or left uninoculated. Application of these findings may be beneficial in reducing the number of cull seedlings produced in nursery operations and in stimulating early growth of outplanted walnut stock. North. J. Appl. For. 3:151-153, Dec. 1986.

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