scholarly journals Artificial Selection to a Nonlethal Cold Stress in Trogoderma variabile Shows Associations With Chronic Cold Stress and Body Size

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-434
Author(s):  
Alison R Gerken ◽  
Shelby R Abts ◽  
Erin D Scully ◽  
James F Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Chill Coma ◽  
Trogoderma Variabile ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
Seven Generations

Abstract Extreme temperature has been used as an alternative to chemical treatments for stored product pests for years. Resistance to heat or cold treatments has not been documented in stored product insects, but repeated use of ineffective treatments could lead to adaptive tolerance. Trogoderma variabile (Dermestidae) is a common pest of stored products, and the larval stage is highly resistant to cold and destructive. We artificially selected populations by inducing chill coma at four different cold temperature treatments: 3 and 5 h at −10°C and 3 and 5 h at 0°C. Recovery time was highly heritable after selection for seven generations for decreased recovery time (cold tolerance) and increased recovery time (cold susceptibility) at all time and temperature combinations. Three replicate populations for each time and temperature combination varied substantially, suggesting different mutations in each population were probably responsible for selected phenotypes. Body size decreased in populations selected for cold susceptibility compared with those selected for cold tolerance and survivorship to long-term cold stress increased in the cold-tolerant populations compared with the susceptible populations. After the cessation of the selection experiment, cold tolerance dissipated within four generations from the populations at −10°C, but was maintained in populations exposed to 0°C. Our results suggest that warehouse beetles can adapt to cold stress quickly, but in the absence of cold stress, the proportion of cold-tolerant/susceptible individuals is quickly reduced, suggesting that some of the mutations responsible for these phenotypes may be associated with fitness costs under normal conditions.

Effect of starvation on the cold tolerance of adult Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Madelena De Ro ◽  
Thomas Enriquez ◽  
Jochem Bonte ◽  
Negin Ebrahimi ◽  
Hans Casteels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Chill Coma ◽  
Critical Thermal Minimum

Abstract The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, is an invasive pest in Europe and North America. Access to resources may be challenging in late fall, winter and early spring and flies may suffer from food deprivation along with cold stress in these periods. Whereas a plethora of studies have been performed on the overwintering capacity of D. suzukii, the effects of starvation on the fly's cold tolerance have not been addressed. In the present study, young D. suzukii adults (reared at 25°C, LD 12:12 h) were deprived of food for various periods (0, 12, 24 and 36 h), after which chill coma recovery time, critical thermal minimum, as well as acute and chronic cold tolerance were assessed. Additionally, the body composition of adults (body mass, water content, total lipid, glycerol, triglycerides, glucose and proteins) before and after starvation periods was analysed to confirm that starvation had detectable effects. Starved adults had a lower body mass, and both lipid and carbohydrate levels decreased with starvation time. Starvation slightly increased critical thermal minimum and affected chill coma recovery time; however, these changes were not gradual with starvation duration. Starvation promoted acute cold tolerance in both sexes. This effect appeared faster in males than in females. Food deprivation also led to enhanced survival to chronic cold stress. Short-term starvation was thus associated with significant changes in body composition in D. suzukii, and these alterations could alter some ecologically relevant traits related to cold tolerance, particularly in females. Our results suggest that food deprivation during short time (<36 h) can promote cold tolerance (especially survival after a cold stress) of D. suzukii flies. Future studies should address the ecological significance of these findings as short food deprivation may occur in the fields on many occasions and seasons.

scholarly journals Identification of cold stress responsive microRNAs in cold tolerant and susceptible Hemerocallis fulva by high throughput sequencing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changbing Huang ◽  
Chun Jiang ◽  
limin Jin ◽  
Huanchao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas ◽  
Cold Tolerant

Abstract Background:Hemerocallis fulva is a perennial herb belonging to Hemerocallis of Hemerocallis. Because of the large and bright colors, it is often used as a garden ornamental plant. But most varieties of H. fulva on the market will wither in winter, which will affect their beauty. It is very important to study the effect of low temperature stress on the physiological indexes of H. fulva and understand the cold tolerance of different H. fulva. MiRNA is a kind of endogenous non coding small molecular RNA with length of 21-24nt. It mainly inhibits protein translation by cutting target genes, and plays an important role in the development of organisms, gene expression and biological stress. Low temperature is the main abiotic stress affecting the production of H. fulva in China, which hinders the growth and development of plants. A comprehensive understanding of the expression pattern of microRNA in H. fulva under low temperature stress can improve our understanding of microRNA mediated stress response. Although there are many studies on miRNAs of various plants under cold stress at home and abroad, there are few studies on miRNAs related to cold stress of H. fulva. It is of great significance to explore the cold stress resistant gene resources of H. fulva, especially the identification and functional research of miRNA closely related to cold stress, for the breeding of excellent H. fulva.Results A total of 5619 cold-responsive miRNAs, 315 putative novel and 5 304 conserved miRNAs, were identified from the leaves and roots of two different varieties ‘Jinyan’ (cold-tolerant) and ‘Lucretius ’ (cold-sensitive), which were stressed under -4 oC for 24 h. Twelve conserved and three novel miRNAs (novel-miR10, novel-miR19 and novel-miR48) were differentially expressed in leaves of ‘Jinyan’ under cold stress. Novel-miR19, novel-miR29 and novel-miR30 were up-regulated in roots of ‘Jinyan’ under cold stress. Thirteen and two conserved miRNAs were deferentially expressed in leaves and roots of ‘Lucretius’ after cold stress. The deferentially expressed miRNAs between two cultivars under cold stress include novel miRNAs and the members of the miR156, miR166 and miR319 families. A total of 6 598 target genes for 6 516 known miRNAs and 82 novel miRNAs were predicted by bioinformatic analysis, mainly involved in metabolic processes and stress responses. Ten differentially expressed miRNAs and predicted target genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR(q-PCR), and the expressional changes of target genes were negatively correlated to differentially expressed miRNAs. Our data indicated that some candidate miRNAs (e.g., miR156a-3-p, miR319a, and novel-miR19) may play important roles in plant response to cold stress.Conclusions Our study indicates that some putative target genes and miRNA mediated metabolic processes and stress responses are significant to cold tolerance in H. fulva.

scholarly journals The Methylation Patterns and Transcriptional Responses to Chilling Stress at the Seedling Stage in Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Guo ◽  
Tingkai Wu ◽  
Shuxing Li ◽  
Qiang He ◽  
Zhanlie Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Cold Tolerant

Chilling stress is considered the major abiotic stress affecting the growth, development, and yield of rice. To understand the transcriptomic responses and methylation regulation of rice in response to chilling stress, we analyzed a cold-tolerant variety of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. P427). The physiological properties, transcriptome, and methylation of cold-tolerant P427 seedlings under low-temperature stress (2–3 °C) were investigated. We found that P427 exhibited enhanced tolerance to low temperature, likely via increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and promoting the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA). The Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (MeDIP-seq) data showed that the number of methylation-altered genes was highest in P427 (5496) and slightly lower in Nipponbare (Nip) and 9311 (4528 and 3341, respectively), and only 2.7% (292) of methylation genes were detected as common differentially methylated genes (DMGs) related to cold tolerance in the three varieties. Transcriptome analyses revealed that 1654 genes had specifically altered expression in P427 under cold stress. These genes mainly belonged to transcription factor families, such as Myeloblastosis (MYB), APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element binding proteins (AP2-EREBP), NAM-ATAF-CUC (NAC) and WRKY. Fifty-one genes showed simultaneous methylation and expression level changes. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that genes involved in the ICE (inducer of CBF expression)-CBF (C-repeat binding factor)—COR (cold-regulated) pathway were highly expressed under cold stress, including the WRKY genes. The homologous gene Os03g0610900 of the open stomatal 1 (OST1) in rice was obtained by evolutionary tree analysis. Methylation in Os03g0610900 gene promoter region decreased, and the expression level of Os03g0610900 increased, suggesting that cold stress may lead to demethylation and increased gene expression of Os03g0610900. The ICE-CBF-COR pathway plays a vital role in the cold tolerance of the rice cultivar P427. Overall, this study demonstrates the differences in methylation and gene expression levels of P427 in response to low-temperature stress, providing a foundation for further investigations of the relationship between environmental stress, DNA methylation, and gene expression in rice.

THE BEHAVIOR OF THREE COLD-TOLERANT AND A STANDARD SOYBEAN VARIETY IN RELATION TO THE LEVEL AND THE DURATION OF A COLD STRESS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 821-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SCHMID ◽  
E. R. KELLER
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
The Stability

The cold tolerance of the varieties Gieso (Federal Republic of Germany), Amurskaja 41 (Russia), ISZ-7 and I-1 (Hungary) was investigated in growth chamber and greenhouse experiments. In the growth chamber trial, cool and cold temperatures reduced the grain yield of Gieso whereas ISZ-7 and I-1 increased their yields from the high temperature level to the coldest one. Amurskaja 41 had about the same yield in the warm and cool temperature regimes but in the coldest treatment, yields decreased compared with those of Gieso. The high quality of ISZ-7 and I-1 to compensate for stress periods as compared with Gieso and also with Amurskaja 41 is reflected in the average growth rate, the flower and pod formation and the dry matter production per plant. In the greenhouse experiment, duration of a cold stress at vegetative stages V1 and V3 and at the beginning of flowering was investigated. All tested varieties were able to compensate for cold stress of 10 days whereas only ISZ-7 and I-1 showed good yields under a long period of stress. These more cold tolerant varieties were particularly able to make good use of subsequent higher temperatures as expressed by the grain weight per degree Celsius. The stability of harvest index is also an important factor in cold tolerance investigations.

scholarly journals Transcriptome sequencing and iTRAQ of different rice cultivars provide insight into molecular mechanisms of cold-tolerance response in japonica rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Jia ◽  
Hualong Liu ◽  
Zhaojun Qu ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Xinpeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Cold Sensitive

Abstract Background: Rice ( Oryza sativa L.), one of the most important crops cultivated in both tropical and temperate regions, has a high sensitivity to cold stress. Chilling stress limits N uptake and nitrogen metabolism in rice. To identify the genes and pathways involved in cold tolerance, specifically within the nitrogen metabolism pathway, we compared gene and protein expression differences between a cold-tolerant cultivar, Dongnong428 (DN), and a cold-sensitive cultivar, Songjing10 (SJ). Results: Using isobaric tags for relative or absolute quantification (iTRAQ) with high-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques, we identified 5,549 genes and 450 proteins in DN and 6,145 genes and 790 proteins in SJ, that were differentially expressed during low water temperature (T w ) treatment. There were 354 transcription factor (TF) genes (212 down, 142 up), and 366 TF genes (220 down, 146 up), including 47 gene families, differentially expressed in the DN under control (CKDN) vs. DN under low-T w (D15DN) and CKSJ vs. D15SJ, respectively. Genes related to rice cold-related biosynthesis pathways, particularly the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, zeatin biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways, were significantly differentially expressed in both rice cultivars. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) related to rice cold-related biosynthesis pathways and particularly glutathione metabolism were significantly differentially expressed in both rice cultivars. Transcriptome and proteome analysis of the nitrogen metabolism pathways showed that major genes and proteins that participated in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamine synthesis were downregulated. Conclusion: Under cold stress conditions during reproductive growth, genes and proteins related to the biosynthesis pathways of cold stress were significantly differentially expressed in DN and SJ. The present study confirmed the known cold stress-associated genes and identified a number of putative new cold-responsive genes. We also found that translational regulation under cold stress plays an important role in cold-tolerant DN. Low-T w treatments affected N uptake and N metabolism in rice, and promoted Glu metabolism, and the synthesis of ornithine and proline in cold-sensitive SJ.

Rice-cold tolerance across reproductive stages

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Mitchell ◽  
S. L. Zulkafli ◽  
J. Bosse ◽  
B. Campbell ◽  
P. Snell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Booting Stage ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Tolerance Response ◽  
F2 Generation

Cold temperature stress at the reproductive stage, particularly at booting and flowering stages can cause significant reductions in rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield particularly at high latitudes and elevation. Although genotypic variation for cold tolerance is known to exist, the tolerance mechanisms and genotypic consistency across the stages are yet to be understood for segregating populations. Three experiments were conducted under controlled temperature glasshouse conditions to determine floral characteristics that were associated with cold tolerance at the flowering stage and to determine genotypic consistency at the booting and flowering stages. Twenty F5 Reiziq × Lijiangheigu lines from two extreme phenotypic bulks selected for cold tolerance at booting stage in the F2 generation were utilised. Spikelet sterility under cold stress at booting was significantly correlated with spikelet sterility under cold stress at flowering (r = 0.62**) with five lines identified as cold tolerant across reproductive stages. There was also a positive correlation (r = 0.47*) between spikelet sterility under cold stress at booting at the F5 and at the F2 generation. The quantitative trait loci (QTL; qLTSPKST10.1) previously identified on chromosome 10 contributing to spikelet sterility within the F2 generation, was also identified in the F5 generation. Additionally, genomic regions displaying significant segregation between the progenies contrasting for their cold tolerance response phenotype were identified on chromosomes 5 and 7 with Lijiangheigu as allelic donor and an estimated reduction in spikelet sterility of 25% and 27%, respectively. Although genotypic variation in spikelet sterility at the booting stage was not related to the development rate for heading or flowering, those cold-tolerant genotypes at the flowering stage were the quickest to complete flowering. Cold-tolerant genotypes at the flowering stage had larger numbers of dehisced anthers and subsequently pollen number on stigma, which contributed to reduced spikelet sterility. It is concluded that enhanced anther dehiscence plays a significant role in improved cold tolerance at the flowering stage.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome-Based Mining and Expression Profiling of Transcription Factors Related to Cold Tolerance in Peanut

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunji Jiang ◽  
He Zhang ◽  
Jingyao Ren ◽  
Jiale Dong ◽  
Xinhua Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Cold Tolerant

Plants tolerate cold stress by regulating gene networks controlling cellular and physiological traits to modify growth and development. Transcription factor (TF)-directed regulation of transcription within these gene networks is key to eliciting appropriate responses. Identifying TFs related to cold tolerance contributes to cold-tolerant crop breeding. In this study, a comparative transcriptome analysis was carried out to investigate global gene expression of entire TFs in two peanut varieties with different cold-tolerant abilities. A total of 87 TF families including 2328 TF genes were identified. Among them, 445 TF genes were significantly differentially expressed in two peanut varieties under cold stress. The TF families represented by the largest numbers of differentially expressed members were bHLH (basic helix—loop—helix protein), C2H2 (Cys2/His2 zinc finger protein), ERF (ethylene-responsive factor), MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog), NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) and WRKY TFs. Phylogenetic evolutionary analysis, temporal expression profiling, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, and functional enrichment of differentially expressed TFs revealed the importance of plant hormone signal transduction and plant-pathogen interaction pathways and their possible mechanism in peanut cold tolerance. This study contributes to a better understanding of the complex mechanism of TFs in response to cold stress in peanut and provides valuable resources for the investigation of evolutionary history and biological functions of peanut TFs genes involved in cold tolerance.

scholarly journals Insect capa neuropeptides impact desiccation and cold tolerance

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 2882-2887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selim Terhzaz ◽  
Nicholas M. Teets ◽  
Pablo Cabrero ◽  
Louise Henderson ◽  
Michael G. Ritchie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Neuroendocrine System ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Chill Coma ◽  
Peptide Analogs ◽  
Dipteran Species

The success of insects is linked to their impressive tolerance to environmental stress, but little is known about how such responses are mediated by the neuroendocrine system. Here we show that the capability (capa) neuropeptide gene is a desiccation- and cold stress-responsive gene in diverse dipteran species. Using targeted in vivo gene silencing, physiological manipulations, stress-tolerance assays, and rationally designed neuropeptide analogs, we demonstrate that the Drosophila melanogaster capa neuropeptide gene and its encoded peptides alter desiccation and cold tolerance. Knockdown of the capa gene increases desiccation tolerance but lengthens chill coma recovery time, and injection of capa peptide analogs can reverse both phenotypes. Immunohistochemical staining suggests that capa accumulates in the capa-expressing Va neurons during desiccation and nonlethal cold stress but is not released until recovery from each stress. Our results also suggest that regulation of cellular ion and water homeostasis mediated by capa peptide signaling in the insect Malpighian (renal) tubules is a key physiological mechanism during recovery from desiccation and cold stress. This work augments our understanding of how stress tolerance is mediated by neuroendocrine signaling and illustrates the use of rationally designed peptide analogs as agents for disrupting protective stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Cold Tolerance during Seed Germination and Vegetative Growth in Tomato: Analysis of Response and Correlated Response to Selection

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Foolad ◽  
G.Y. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
Selection For

The genetic relationship between cold tolerance (CT) during seed germination and vegetative growth in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was determined. An F2 population of a cross between accession PI120256 (cold tolerant during both seed germination and vegetative growth) and UCT5 (cold sensitive during both stages) was evaluated for germination under cold stress and the most cold tolerant progeny (the first 5% germinated) were selected. Selected progeny were grown to maturity and self-fertilized to produce F3 families (referred to as the selected F3 population). The selected F3 population was evaluated for CT separately during seed germination and vegetative growth and its performance was compared with that of a nonselected F3 population of the same cross. Results indicated that selection for CT during seed germination significantly improved CT of the progeny during germination; a realized heritability of 0.75 was obtained for CT during seed germination. However, selection for CT during germination did not affect plant CT during vegetative growth; there was no significant difference between the selected and nonselected F3 populations in either absolute CT [defined as shoot fresh weight (FW) under cold stress] or relative CT (defined as shoot FW under cold as a percentage of control). Results indicated that, in PI120256, CT during seed germination was genetically independent of CT during vegetative growth. Thus, to develop tomato cultivars with improved CT during different developmental stages, selection protocols that include all critical stages are necessary.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic profiling of germinating seeds under cold stress and characterization of the cold-tolerant gene LTG5 in rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yinghua Pan ◽  
Haifu Liang ◽  
Lijun Gao ◽  
Gaoxing Dai ◽  
Weiwei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Oryza Rufipogon ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Cold Sensitive

Abstract Background: Wild rice ( Oryza rufipogon Griff.) is an important germplasm resource for rice improvement. It has superior tolerance for many abiotic stresses including cold stress, but little is known about the mechanism underlying its resistance to cold. Low temperature is one of the most prevalent factors that limit rice productivity and geographical distribution.Results: This study aimed to elucidate the molecular genetic mechanisms of wild rice in tolerating low temperature. Comprehensive transcriptome profiles of two rice genotypes (cold-sensitive ce 253 and cold-tolerant Y12-4) at the germinating stage under cold stress were comparatively analyzed. A total of 42.44–68.71 million readings were obtained, resulting in the alignment of 29128 and 30131 genes in genotypes 253 and Y12-4, respectively. Many common and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed in cold-sensitive and cold-tolerant genotypes. Results showed more upregulated DEGs in cold-tolerant genotypes than in cold-sensitive genotypes at four stages under cold stress. Gene ontology enrichment analyses indicated more upregulated genes than downregulated ones in cold-tolerant genotypes based on cellular process, metabolic process, response stimulus, membrane part, and catalytic activity. To confirm the RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) data, Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed on seven randomly selected DEGs. These genes showed similar expression patterns corresponding with the RNA-Seq method. We also explored a gene for cold tolerance LTG5 , encoding a UDP-glucosyltransferase. The overexpression of LTG5 gene conferred cold tolerance to indica rice.Conclusion: Overall, our results suggested that gene resources related to cold stress from wild rice can be valuable for improving the cold tolerance of crop plants.

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