Phenology of Douglas-Fir Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Its Role in Douglas-Fir Mortality in Western Washington

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-254
Author(s):  
Michael B Freeman ◽  
Amy Labarge ◽  
Patrick C Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
River System ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Phenology Model

Abstract Douglas-fir dominated forests are an integral part of the Pacific Northwest. In the Cedar River Municipal Watershed, Washington, these forests provide erosion control and ecosystem buffering for the Cedar River system that supplies high-quality drinking water to the Seattle area. Mortality of Douglas-fir in the watershed has been increasing in recent years. The Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, as well as fungal pathogens, are key agents of mortality in Douglas-fir dominated forests, but their contributions to the current rates of mortality are unknown. We modeled D. pseudotsugae phenology in western Washington and estimated peak flight of overwintering adults at 344.5 cumulative degree-days (base temperature threshold = 4.3°C). We extended the results from the phenology model when assuming a 1.7°C increase in temperature and estimated that D. pseudotsugae adult flight could be advanced by 21–27 d. We also conducted a field study over 2 yr to quantify the individual and interacting roles of D. pseudotsugae, root rot pathogens, and other abiotic and biotic variables as drivers of Douglas-fir mortality. Study sites with recent high rates of mortality of Douglas-fir (>30%) were generally in lower elevation stands and affected by both D. pseudotsugae and root rot pathogens. Attacks by D. pseudotsugae in 1 yr were significantly associated with the presence of root rot mycelia in the following year, but not vice versa. The development of a D. pseudotsugae phenology model for the region and the identification of variables associated with Douglas-fir mortality facilitates the development of management strategies.

Control measures of root rot fungal pathogens by producing resistance against twelve wheat cultivars under greenhouse in Nebraska State of USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanveer Hussain ◽  
Tony Adesemoye ◽  
Muhammad Ishtiaq ◽  
Mewash Maqbool ◽  
Azhar Azam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wheat Cultivars

scholarly journals Biological control of Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativum root rot disease using Trichoderma species

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hammad Abdelwanees Ketta ◽  
Omar Abd El-Raouf Hewedy
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Pea Root Rot

Abstract Background Root rot pathogens reported to cause considerable losses in both the quality and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.). It is an aggressive crop disease with detriment economic influence caused by Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani among other soil-borne fungal pathogens. Destructive plant diseases such as root rot have been managed in the last decades using synthetic pesticides. Main body Seeking of economical and eco-friendly alternatives to combat aggressive soil-borne fungal pathogens that cause significant yield losses is urgently needed. Trichoderma emerged as promising antagonist that inhibits pathogens including those inducing root rot disease. Detailed studies for managing common bean and pea root rot disease using different Trichoderma species (T. harzianum, T. hamatum, T. viride, T. koningii, T. asperellum, T. atroviridae, T. lignorum, T. virens, T. longibrachiatum, T. cerinum, and T. album) were reported both in vitro and in vivo with promotion of plant growth and induction of systemic defense. The wide scale application of selected metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp. to induce host resistance and/or to promote crop yield, may represent a powerful tool for the implementation of integrated pest management strategies. Conclusions Biological management of common bean and pea root rot-inducing pathogens using various species of the Trichoderma fungus might have taken place during the recent years. Trichoderma species and their secondary metabolites are useful in the development of protection against root rot to bestow high-yielding common bean and pea crops.

scholarly journals Biological control of strawberry crown rot, root rot and grey mould by the beneficial fungus Aureobasidium pullulans

BioControl ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudassir Iqbal ◽  
Maha Jamshaid ◽  
Muhammad Awais Zahid ◽  
Erik Andreasson ◽  
Ramesh R. Vetukuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Whole Plants

AbstractUtilization of biocontrol agents is a sustainable approach to reduce plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens. In the present study, we tested the effect of the candidate biocontrol fungus Aureobasidium pullulans (De Bary) G. Armaud on strawberry under in vitro and in vivo conditions to control crown rot, root rot and grey mould caused by Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert and Cohn) and Botrytis cinerea Pers, respectively. A dual plate confrontation assay showed that mycelial growth of P. cactorum and B. cinerea was reduced by 33–48% when challenged by A. pullulans as compared with control treatments. Likewise, detached leaf and fruit assays showed that A. pullulans significantly reduced necrotic lesion size on leaves and disease severity on fruits caused by P. cactorum and B. cinerea. In addition, greenhouse experiments with whole plants revealed enhanced biocontrol efficacy against root rot and grey mould when treated with A. pullulans either in combination with the pathogen or pre-treated with A. pullulans followed by inoculation of the pathogens. Our results demonstrate that A. pullulans is an effective biocontrol agent to control strawberry diseases caused by fungal pathogens and can be an effective alternative to chemical-based fungicides.

scholarly journals Analysis of saponins detoxification genes in Ilyonectria mors-panacis G3B inducing root rot of Panax notoginseng by RNA-Seq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohong Zeng ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Yuxiu Ma ◽  
Qian Pu ◽  
Tian Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Excellent Starting Point ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Genes Encoding

AbstractSaponins are kinds of antifungal compounds produced by Panax notoginseng to resist invasion by pathogens. Ilyonectria mors-panacis G3B was the dominant pathogen inducing root rot of P. notoginseng, and the abilities to detoxify saponins were the key to infect P. notoginseng successfully. To research the molecular mechanisms of detoxifying saponins in I. mors-panacis G3B, we used high-throughput RNA-Seq to identify 557 and 1519 differential expression genes (DEGs) in I. mors-panacis G3B with saponins treatments for 4H (Hours) and 12H (Hours) compared with no saponins treatments, respectively. Among these DEGs, we found 93 genes which were simultaneously highly expressed in I. mors-panacis G3B with saponins treatments for 4H and 12H, they mainly belong to genes encoding transporters, glycoside hydrolases, oxidation–reduction enzymes, transcription factors and so on. In addition, there were 21 putative PHI (Pathogen–Host Interaction) genes out of those 93 up-regulated genes. In this report, we analyzed virulence-associated genes in I. mors-panacis G3B which may be related to detoxifying saponins to infect P. notoginseng successfully. They provided an excellent starting point for in-depth study on pathogenicity of I. mors-panacis G3B and developed appropriate root rot disease management strategies in the future.

3-Methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one and the Douglas-fir beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): history of successful bark beetle pheromone treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
Darrell W. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antiaggregation Pheromone

AbstractThis paper reviews the literature on the identification of 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (MCH) as the antiaggregation pheromone of the Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and the development of successful management applications using the pheromone. Previously unpublished data from two studies on novel uses of MCH are included. The successful development of antiaggregation pheromone-based treatments for the Douglas-fir beetle is discussed in relation to efforts to develop similar treatments for other bark beetle species, and opportunities for future research on MCH and the Douglas-fir beetle are suggested.

A unified degree day model describes survivorship of Copitarsia corruda Pogue & Simmons (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at different constant temperatures

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.N. Gómez ◽  
R.C. Venette ◽  
J.R. Gould ◽  
D.F. Winograd
Keyword(s):  
Survival Curve ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Survival Curves ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractPredictions of survivorship are critical to quantify the probability of establishment by an alien invasive species, but survival curves rarely distinguish between the effects of temperature on development versus senescence. We report chronological and physiological age-based survival curves for a potentially invasive noctuid, recently described as Copitarsia corruda Pogue & Simmons, collected from Peru and reared on asparagus at six constant temperatures between 9.7 and 34.5°C. Copitarsia spp. are not known to occur in the United States but are routinely intercepted at ports of entry. Chronological age survival curves differ significantly among temperatures. Survivorship at early age after hatch is greatest at lower temperatures and declines as temperature increases. Mean longevity was 220 (±13 SEM) days at 9.7°C. Physiological age survival curves constructed with developmental base temperature (7.2°C) did not correspond to those constructed with a senescence base temperature (5.9°C). A single degree day survival curve with an appropriate temperature threshold based on senescence adequately describes survivorship under non-stress temperature conditions (5.9–24.9°C).

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms demonstrate single origin of infection centers in Phellinus weirii

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanhong Bae ◽  
Everett M. Hansen ◽  
Steven H. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dna Probes ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were used to study genetic variation in the basidiomycete fungus Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilbertson, the cause of laminated root rot of conifers. In an initial study, three isolates each from the Douglas-fir type and the cedar-type biological species were surveyed with 12 restriction enzymes and 20 random, mitochondrial, and nuclear-ribosomal gene probes. The two biological species were distinct with most probe–enzyme combinations (91%). Variation within biological species was detected for the random and ribosomal DNA probes but not for the mitochondrial DNA probes. In a subsequent study 65 probe–enzyme combinations (13 × 5) that had detected variation within the Douglas-fir type biological species were used to analyze 27 isolates derived from six infection centers, two host species, and two geographic areas in western Oregon. Infection centers differed from one another in numerous probe–enzyme combinations but were nearly genetically uniform within. Isolates from the two host species, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.), showed few RFLP differences. Initiation of infection centers, and subsequent vegetative or basdiospore initiated immigration, appear to be rare events. Key words: ribosomal DNA, mitochondrial DNA, RFLP, root rot, conifer.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Profiling of a Compatible Interaction Between Douglas-Fir and the Root Rot Fungal Pathogen Phellinus sulphurascens

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Islam ◽  
Rona N. Sturrock ◽  
Abul K. M. Ekramoddoullah
Keyword(s):  
Cdna Library ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Plant Genes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Fungal Genes ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Host Genes

Douglas-fir (DF) (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is one of the largest and most economically important coniferous species in western North America. Its productivity is greatly affected by the root rot fungus Phellinus sulphurascens Pilát. Evidence of resistance by DF to fungal root pathogens such as P. sulphurascens has been reported but mechanisms of resistance in this compatible pathosystem are not yet known. To better understand the DF–P. sulphurascens interaction, especially at the molecular level, we selected 12 diverse plant genes already identified as defense-related from a cDNA library constructed using root tissues from P. sulphurascens-infected DF seedlings. Using quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on infected DF root samples collected at five different time points after inoculation, we found that P. sulphurascens infection significantly elevated expression of the 12 selected genes. In most cases the highest expression level was recorded within 2 to 3 days after inoculation. The constructed cDNA library, which is enriched with defense-related host genes and a number of fungal genes, will continue to serve as a useful resource for future larger-scale gene discovery and functional research on the P. sulphurascens and DF pathosystem.

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