A Phenology Model for Asian Gypsy Moth Egg Hatch

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Gray ◽  
Melody A Keena
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
North American ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Moth Population ◽  
Invasive Range ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Asian Gypsy Moth ◽  
Phenology Model

Abstract Phenology models are useful tools in pest management interventions, biosecurity operations targeting alien invaders, and answering questions regarding the potential for range expansion/shift. The Gypsy Moth Life Stage model (GLS) has been used to predict the invasive range of the North American gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar dispar Linnaeus [Lepidoptera: Erebidae]) in North America and New Zealand. It has been used to examine the role of supra-optimal temperatures in range expansion/stasis/retraction. However, GLS has also been used where the target organism is the Asian subspecies L. d. asiatica Vnukovskij, despite observed differences between the predominant phenotypes of the two subspecies in the temperature requirements for egg hatch and the absence of egg phenology model parameters specific to the Asian phenotype. Here we describe the results of temperature and exposure duration on the timing of Asian gypsy moth egg hatch, and we present phenology model parameters for the Asian phenotype. Sum of squared differences (observed minus predicted day of median egg hatch) was reduced from 7,818 d2 (North American parameters) to 178 d2. Days of simulated median egg hatch differed from the observed days by 0–7 d (x¯=0.2; SD=3.1). The pattern of simulated egg hatch closely mimicked the irregular pattern of observed egg hatch from the temperature regimes of our experiment. Egg hatch is arguably the most important life cycle event in gypsy moth population suppression/eradication interventions and in estimating their potential invasive range. The model parameters described here produce accurate predictions of Asian gypsy moth egg hatch.

scholarly journals Comparing Asian Gypsy Moth [Lymantria dispar asiatica (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) and L. dispar japonica] Trap Data From East Asian Ports With Lab Parameterized Phenology Models: New Tools and Questions

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138
Author(s):  
R Talbot Trotter ◽  
Samita Limbu ◽  
Kelli Hoover ◽  
Hannah Nadel ◽  
Melody A Keena
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Model Quality ◽  
Moth Population ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitats ◽  
Asian Gypsy Moth

Abstract Management of the European gypsy moth [Lymantria dispar dispar (Linnaeus)] in North America has benefited from more than a century of research. The East Asian strains of the gypsy moth, however, bring new challenges including multiple subspecies (Lymantria dispar asiatica Vnukovskij and Lymantria dispar japonica Motschulsky), broad distributions across heterogeneous habitats, and a lack of data on the variation in the phenology of source populations, which may affect risk. To address these issues, published phenology parameters for eight populations of Asian gypsy moth were used to develop eight strain-specific agent-based phenological models. These models were applied to 47 ports in East Asia where the Asian gypsy moth is native, and output was compared with available trap data to assess the role of interpopulation variation in phenological parameters in predicting moth flight among varied locations, assess variation in the performance of models among years, and assess the importance of modeling phenology using parameters from a ‘local’ moth population. Variation in phenological parameters among the eight populations yielded variation in predicted flight times among the 47 ports analyzed, and the use of ‘local’ populations did not generally improve model fit. Model accuracy varied substantially among ports and among years within some ports. The larva-to-adult agent-based models described here have utility in estimating flight periods for some ports in their current form, but variation in model quality across the landscape suggests that there is potential for unsampled and unparameterized moth populations and factors that remain to be quantified.

Introduction and North American Establishment of Coccygomimus disparis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a Polyphagous Pupal Parasite of Lepidoptera, Including Gypsy Moth

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1117-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Schaefer ◽  
Roger W. Fuester ◽  
Robert J. Chianese ◽  
Larry D. Rhoads ◽  
Robert B. Tichenor
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
North American ◽  
Pupal Parasite

scholarly journals Conditioning rainfall-runoff model parameters for ungauged catchments and land management impacts analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bulygina ◽  
N. McIntyre ◽  
H. Wheater
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Space ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Ungauged Catchments ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Simulated Event ◽  
Base Flow Index

Abstract. Data scarcity and model over-parameterisation, leading to model equifinality and large prediction uncertainty, are common barriers to effective hydrological modelling. The problem can be alleviated by constraining the prior parameter space using parameter regionalisation. A common basis for regionalisation in the UK is the HOST database which provides estimates of hydrological indices for different soil classifications. In our study, Base Flow Index is estimated from the HOST database and the power of this index for constraining the parameter space is explored. The method is applied to a highly discretised distributed model of a 12.5 km2 upland catchment in Wales. To assess probabilistic predictions against flow observations, a probabilistic version of the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency is derived. For six flow gauges with reliable data, this efficiency ranged between 0.70 and 0.81, and inspection of the results shows that the model explains the data well. Knowledge of how Base Flow Index and interception losses may change under future land use management interventions was then used to further condition the model. Two interventions are considered: afforestation of grazed areas, and soil degradation associated with increased grazing intensity. Afforestation leads to median reduction in modelled runoff volume of 24% over the simulated 3 month period; and a median peak flow reduction ranging from 12 to 15% over the six gauges for the largest simulated event. Uncertainty in all results is low compared to prior uncertainty and it is concluded that using Base Flow Index estimated from HOST is a simple and potentially powerful method of conditioning the parameter space under current and future land management.

scholarly journals Sequencing and de novo assembly of the Asian gypsy moth transcriptome using the Illumina platform

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Xiaojun ◽  
Yang Chun ◽  
Liu Jianhong ◽  
Zhang Chang ◽  
Li Yao
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
De Novo Assembly ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Illumina Platform ◽  
Asian Gypsy Moth

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Diflubenzuron and Bacillus thuringiensis Against Gypsy Moth Populations

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin W. Thorpe ◽  
Richard L. Ridgway ◽  
Ralph E. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Moth Population ◽  
Oak Trees

Abstract Aerial applications of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. kurstaki (74.1 billion international units/ha per application; single and double applications), diflubenzuron [69 g (ai)/ha], and no treatment were evaluated. Treatment effects were estimated from frass collections, defoliation, counts of pupae under burlap, and egg-mass counts. Estimates of larval density in the canopy 20 days after treatment ranged from 318.3 to 55.5 larvae per m² in the control- and diflubenzuron-treated plots, respectively. Larval density was reduced in all treatments, and was lowest in the plots treated with diflubenzuron and two applications of B. thuringiensis. Population density rapidly declined in the control plots, and by June 20, when larvae were predominantly in the fifth and sixth instars, no significant differences in larval density were detected among the treatments. Significantly less defoliation occurred to oak trees in the treated plots, but no differences were detected among the spray treatments. Counts of pupae under burlap, postseason egg-mass counts, and percent reduction in egg-mass density did not differ significantly among treatments or versus controls. These results suggest that diflubenzuron and double B. thuringiensis treatments caused higher levels of larval mortality than occurred with a single B. thuringiensis application, but that with a naturally declining gypsy moth population the final levels of damage were the same under all treatments. North. J. Appl. 14(3):135-140.

scholarly journals First Occurrence of the Grey Fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus, in New Brunswick: a Climate-change Mediated Range Expansion?

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Donald McAlpine ◽  
James D. Martin ◽  
Cade Libby
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
North American ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Range Extension ◽  
Urocyon Cinereoargenteus ◽  
Subadult Male ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
First Occurrence

The first occurrence in New Brunswick of the Grey Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), a threatened species in Canada, is documented based on a 4.3 kg subadult male trapped in the southwestern corner of the province. This is an approximate range extension of 135 km from the most northerly Maine occurrence and may reflect a larger North American range expansion underway since 1930-40, perhaps in response to warming climate.

scholarly journals Late Pleistocene range expansion of North American topminnows accompanied by admixture and introgression

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 2126-2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Duvernell ◽  
Eric Westhafer ◽  
Jacob F. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
North American ◽  
Range Expansion

scholarly journals Gypsy moth genome provides insights into flight capability and virus–host interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 1669-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Qian Cong ◽  
Emily A. Rex ◽  
Winnie Hallwachs ◽  
Daniel H. Janzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Ontology ◽  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
The United States ◽  
Muscle Adaptation ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Plant Foliage ◽  
Asian Gypsy Moth

Since its accidental introduction to Massachusetts in the late 1800s, the European gypsy moth (EGM; Lymantria dispar dispar) has become a major defoliator in North American forests. However, in part because females are flightless, the spread of the EGM across the United States and Canada has been relatively slow over the past 150 years. In contrast, females of the Asian gypsy moth (AGM; Lymantria dispar asiatica) subspecies have fully developed wings and can fly, thereby posing a serious economic threat if populations are established in North America. To explore the genetic determinants of these phenotypic differences, we sequenced and annotated a draft genome of L. dispar and used it to identify genetic variation between EGM and AGM populations. The 865-Mb gypsy moth genome is the largest Lepidoptera genome sequenced to date and encodes ∼13,300 proteins. Gene ontology analyses of EGM and AGM samples revealed divergence between these populations in genes enriched for several gene ontology categories related to muscle adaptation, chemosensory communication, detoxification of food plant foliage, and immunity. These genetic differences likely contribute to variations in flight ability, chemical sensing, and pathogen interactions among EGM and AGM populations. Finally, we use our new genomic and transcriptomic tools to provide insights into genome-wide gene-expression changes of the gypsy moth after viral infection. Characterizing the immunological response of gypsy moths to virus infection may aid in the improvement of virus-based bioinsecticides currently used to control larval populations.

scholarly journals Serial founder effects and genetic differentiation during worldwide range expansion of monarch butterflies

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1797) ◽  
pp. 20142230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda A. Pierce ◽  
Myron P. Zalucki ◽  
Marie Bangura ◽  
Milan Udawatta ◽  
Marcus R. Kronforst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
North American ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Founder Effects ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
High Dispersal

Range expansions can result in founder effects, increasing genetic differentiation between expanding populations and reducing genetic diversity along the expansion front. However, few studies have addressed these effects in long-distance migratory species, for which high dispersal ability might counter the effects of genetic drift. Monarchs ( Danaus plexippus ) are best known for undertaking a long-distance annual migration in North America, but have also dispersed around the world to form populations that do not migrate or travel only short distances. Here, we used microsatellite markers to assess genetic differentiation among 18 monarch populations and to determine worldwide colonization routes. Our results indicate that North American monarch populations connected by land show limited differentiation, probably because of the monarch's ability to migrate long distances. Conversely, we found high genetic differentiation between populations separated by large bodies of water. Moreover, we show evidence for serial founder effects across the Pacific, suggesting stepwise dispersal from a North American origin. These findings demonstrate that genetic drift played a major role in shaping allele frequencies and created genetic differentiation among newly formed populations. Thus, range expansion can give rise to genetic differentiation and declines in genetic diversity, even in highly mobile species.

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