Impact of an Invasive Longhorned Beetle, Tetropium fuscum (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), on Community Structure of Subcortical and Wood-Associated Insects in Eastern Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson Heustis ◽  
Eric R D Moise ◽  
Rob Johns ◽  
Deepa S Pureswaran ◽  
Stephen B Heard
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Longhorned Beetle ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Tetropium Fuscum

Local, landscape and continental scale factors controlling earthworm community structure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Cameron ◽  
Robert Bradley ◽  
Petra Benetkova ◽  
Agnieszka Józefowska ◽  
Gabriel Boilard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Earthworm Species ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Scale Factors

<p>Past studies have praised earthworms for improving soil structure and fertility, but criticized earthworms for increasing the leaching of nutrients and soil greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, in order to maximize the environmental benefits and reduce the environmental costs of earthworms, it is important to determine the factors controlling the structure of earthworm communities at local, landscape and continental scales. We first hypothesized that forested riparian buffer strips (FRBS) within agricultural landscapes would be a refuge for earthworms, due to higher soil moisture and organic matter compared to adjacent agricultural fields (“treatment” = FRBS vs. Field).  Within sites, we hypothesized that earthworms would be most abundant where the chemical quality of above- and belowground plant litter is high, or where soil disturbance is low. At the continental scale, we hypothesized that total summer precipitation interacts with regional and local scale factors in controlling earthworm community structure.  A field survey was conducted to quantify earthworm species abundances in FRBS and adjacent agricultural fields across Eastern Canada and Central Europe (two “bioregions” differing in rainfall). At each of 77 sites, we collected and identified earthworms from three plots within FRBS and adjacent agricultural fields, and noted the tree species, understory vegetation, drainage class, agricultural crop as well as five soil physicochemical variables (texture, pH, total C, total N and % organic matter). In each bioregion and treatment, we found proportionately more endogeic than anecic or epigeic earthworm species. In Eastern Canada there were proportionately fewer anecic and more epigeic individuals in FRBS than in fields, whereas in Central Europe there were fewer endogeic and more anecic earthworms in FRBS than in fields. We also found significant interactions between bioregion and treatment on total earthworm abundance and biomass, and on soil moisture. More specifically, in Eastern Canada we found higher earthworm abundance and biomass, soil moisture and organic matter in FRBS. Conversely, in Central Europe we found higher earthworm abundance and biomass in fields, no treatment effects on soil moisture, and higher soil organic matter in FRBS. The different earthworm distribution patterns in each bioregion were not related to the types of agricultural crops, but rather to differences in precipitation and soil moisture across bioregions. Within FRBS in Eastern Canada, earthworm abundance in deciduous and mixedwood stands were higher than in coniferous stands; in Central Europe, earthworm abundance was higher in deciduous stands only. Within FRBS in Eastern Canada, the abundance of the prominent endogeic species <em>Apporectodia rosea</em> was correlated with herbaceous plants, notably ferns and graminoids. Conditional regression tree analysis revealed positive relationships between earthworms and soil clay content, pH, moisture and organic matter. Our results suggest that local and landscape patterns in earthworm diversity can be predicted by soil and vegetation attributes, but the relative importance of these factors change across continual scales due to climate.  Comparing the distributions of earthworms across different scales provides insights into the potential of different species to spread into new habitats with climate change.</p>

Potential Economic Impacts of the Asian Longhorned Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Eastern Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 839-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H Pedlar ◽  
Daniel W McKenney ◽  
Denys Yemshanov ◽  
Emily S Hope
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Longhorned Beetle ◽  
Asian Longhorned Beetle ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Suitability Maps ◽  
Climate Suitability ◽  
Natural Settings

Abstract The Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky) continues to pose a significant risk to deciduous forests around the world. We assess Asian longhorned beetle-related risks in eastern Canada by generating current and future climate suitability maps, import-based likelihood of introduction estimates for each urban center in our study area, and potential economic impacts in both urban and natural settings. For the current period, climatic suitability for Asian longhorned beetle was highest in southern Ontario, but was projected to expand significantly northward and eastward by midcentury. High likelihood of Asian longhorned beetle introduction was associated with large urban centers, but also smaller centers with high levels of pest-associated imports. Potential costs for the removal and replacement of Asian longhorned beetle-impacted street trees ranged from CDN$8.6 to $12.2 billion, with the exact amount and city-level ranking depending on the method used to calculate risk. Potential losses of merchantable maple (Acer) timber were estimated at CDN$1.6 billion using provincial stumpage fees and CDN$431 million annually when calculated using a combination of economic and forestry product statistics. The gross value of edible maple products, which could potentially be affected by Asian longhorned beetle, was estimated at CDN$358 million annually. These values can help inform the scale of early detection surveys, potential eradication efforts, and research budgets in the event of future Asian longhorned beetle introductions.

scholarly journals Modelling Free-Living and Particle-Associated Bacterial Assemblages across the Deep and Hypoxic Lower St. Lawrence Estuary

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Ting Cui ◽  
Travis J. Dawson ◽  
Susan McLatchie ◽  
Katherine Dunn ◽  
Joseph Bielawski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Bottom Boundary ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Bacterial Assemblages

ABSTRACT The Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence (EGSL) in eastern Canada are among the largest and most productive coastal ecosystems in the world. Very little information on bacterial diversity exists, hampering our understanding of the relationships between bacterial community structure and biogeochemical function in the EGSL. During the productive spring period, we investigated free-living and particle-associated bacterial communities across the stratified waters of the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary, including the particle-rich surface and bottom boundary layers. Modelling of community structure based on 16S rRNA gene and transcript diversity identified bacterial assemblages specifically associated with four habitat types defined by water mass (upper water or lower water column) and size fraction (free living or particle associated). Assemblages from the upper waters represent sets of cooccurring bacterial populations that are widely distributed across Lower St. Lawrence Estuary surface waters and likely key contributors to organic matter degradation during the spring. In addition, we provide strong evidence that particles in deep hypoxic waters and the bottom boundary layer support a metabolically active bacterial community that is compositionally distinct from those of surface particles and the free-living communities. Among the distinctive features of the bacterial assemblage associated with lower-water particles was the presence of uncultivated lineages of Deltaproteobacteria, including marine myxobacteria. Overall, these results provide an important ecological framework for further investigations of the biogeochemical contributions of bacterial populations in this important coastal marine ecosystem. IMPORTANCE The Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence (EGSL) in eastern Canada is an appealing ecosystem for studying how microbial communities and metabolic processes are related to environmental change. Ocean and climate variability result in large spatiotemporal variations in environmental conditions and oceanographic processes. The EGSL is also exposed to a variety of additional human pressures that threaten its integrity and sustainable use, including shipping, aquiculture, coastal development, and oil exploration. To monitor and perhaps mitigate the impacts of these human activities on the EGSL, a comprehensive understanding of the biological communities is required. In this study, we provide the first comprehensive view of bacterial diversity in the EGSL and describe the distinct bacterial assemblages associated with different environmental habitats. This work therefore provides an important baseline ecological framework for bacterial communities in the EGSL useful for further studies on how these communities may respond to environmental change.

scholarly journals Anticosti Island: a hot spot for Neospondylis upiformis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in eastern Canada?

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e25553
Author(s):  
Christian Hébert ◽  
Serge Laplante ◽  
Mario Fréchette ◽  
Luc Jobin
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Insect Diversity ◽  
Longhorned Beetle ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
South Central ◽  
Anticosti Island

During an inventory of insect diversity on Anticosti Island in 1993, we caught unprecedented numbers of Neospondylisupiformis (Mannerheim), a longhorned beetle rarely observed in eastern North America. All specimens were caught using 12-funnel Lindgren traps baited with 95% ethanol and α-pinene. This longhorned beetle was captured again in 2007 on Anticosti with the same traps. Other than that, seven specimens of N.upiformis were caught elsewhere in Quebec between 1993 and 2015. Only 14 specimens were found in the 45 most important insect collections of the province, the most recent specimen dating back to 1964. At least 90% of the captures came from old-growth balsam fir stands of the south-central part of the island. Seasonal flight activity ranged from early June to late July, but adult captures peaked in early July. Results suggest that Anticosti Island might be a hot spot for N.upiformis in eastern North America, particularly in its south-central part where old-growth balsam fir forests still exist.

STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MAKRO ALGA DI PESISIR PULAU KECAMATAN BULANG

SIMBIOSA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Notowinarto Notowinarto ◽  
Ramses Ramses ◽  
Mulhairi Mulhairi
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Algal Communities ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Temperature Parameter ◽  
Important Value Index

Bulang districts Batam Islands of  Riau province (Riau Islands), its consists of many islands with as well as having the potential diversity of coastal marine life in particular kinds of macro algae or seaweed. Conducted research aimed to determine the structure of macro- algal communities in the intertidal zone islands. The results of the identification of algal species found 16 species are: the Order of Chlorophyceae as 6 spesies; Order Phaeophyceae as 2 spesies; and Order Rhodophyceae as 8 spesies. The community structure at the five stations showed the highest values were found in the island of dominance Cicir (D ' = 0.79) , uniformity index values on Tengah Island (E ' = 0.99) , while the island Balak had the highest diversity index (H ' = 0.88) , with the abundance patterns of population structure on the island is pretty good Central . Results of correlation analysis of regression between IVI types of algae with the conditions of environmental quality suggests that there is a significance (Fhit ˃ F table and the value of r = > 90 %) between IVI algae Halimeda sp and Cryptarachne polyglandulosa at each station with a temperature parameter surface (⁰C) , depth temperature (⁰C) and pH values. Keywords : Algae, Community Structure, Important Value Index.

Seasonal changes in phytoplankton community structure in a bioluminescent lagoon, St. Croix, US Virgin Islands

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Pinckney ◽  
C Tomas ◽  
DI Greenfield ◽  
K Reale-Munroe ◽  
B Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Phytoplankton Community Structure ◽  
Us Virgin Islands
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