Soil and Foliar Arthropod Abundance and Diversity in Five Cropping Systems in the Coastal Plains of North Carolina

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Adams ◽  
David B. Orr ◽  
Consuelo Arellano ◽  
Yasmin J. Cardoza
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Coastal Plains ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Arthropod Abundance

scholarly journals Status and trends of terrestrial arthropod abundance and diversity in the North Atlantic region of the Arctic

AMBIO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 718-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. K. Gillespie ◽  
Matthias Alfredsson ◽  
Isabel C. Barrio ◽  
Joseph J. Bowden ◽  
Peter Convey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
North Atlantic Region ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Status And Trends ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Arthropod Abundance

Use of AFLP Markers to Assess Genetic Diversity in Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Populations from North Carolina and Georgia

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Chandi ◽  
Susana R. Milla-Lewis ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
James D. Burton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Management Approaches

Glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth is a serious problem in southern cropping systems. Much phenotypic variation is observed in Palmer amaranth populations with respect to plant growth and development and susceptibility to herbicides. This may be related to levels of genetic diversity existing in populations. Knowledge of genetic diversity in populations of Palmer amaranth may be useful in understanding distribution and development of herbicide resistance. Research was conducted to assess genetic diversity among and within eight Palmer amaranth populations collected from North Carolina and Georgia using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Pair-wise genetic similarity (GS) values were found to be relatively low, averaging 0.34. The highest and the lowest GS between populations were 0.49 and 0.24, respectively, while the highest and the lowest GS within populations were 0.56 and 0.36, respectively. Cluster and principal coordinate (PCO) analyses grouped individuals mostly by population (localized geographic region) irrespective of response to glyphosate or gender of individuals. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results when populations were nested within states revealed significant variation among and within populations within states while variation among states was not significant. Variation among and within populations within state accounted for 19 and 77% of the total variation, respectively, while variation among states accounted for only 3% of the total variation. The within population contribution towards total variation was always higher than among states and among populations within states irrespective of response to glyphosate or gender of individuals. These results are significant in terms of efficacy of similar management approaches both in terms of chemical and biological control in different areas infested with Palmer amaranth.

The influence of mistletoes on the litter-layer arthropod abundance and diversity in a semi-arid savanna, Southwest Zimbabwe

2014 ◽  
Vol 383 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilton G. T. Ndagurwa ◽  
John S. Dube ◽  
Donald Mlambo ◽  
Mukai Mawanza
Keyword(s):  
Litter Layer ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Arthropod Abundance

scholarly journals Is soil management system really important? comparison of microbial community diversity and structure in soils managed under organic and conventional regimes with some view on soil properties

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256969
Author(s):  
Kamila Rachwał ◽  
Klaudia Gustaw ◽  
Waldemar Kazimierczak ◽  
Adam Waśko
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The fertility and productive value of soil are closely related to the physical and chemical properties of the soil as well as its biological activity. This activity is related to the intensity of microbially catalysed processes of transformation of organic and mineral substances contained in the soil. These processes are closely correlated with the abundance and biodiversity of soil microorganisms, especially bacteria, and the activity of enzymes produced by them. In this article we have compared some physicochemical properties of soil derived from conventional and organic farms and microbial communities inhabiting these ecosystems. We aim to investigate whether the soil management regime affects the abundance and diversity of these environments in terms of bacteria. Some differences in microbial communities were observed, but the rhizosphere of plants from organic and conventional soils does not harbour separate microbiomes. Albeit, the method of fertilization influences the diversity of soil microorganisms. A greater diversity of bacteria was observed in soils from farms where organic fertilizers were applied. Soil pH and activity of some soil enzymes were also shown to differ between organic and conventional soil cropping systems.

scholarly journals Arthropod Diversity Influenced by Two Musa-Based Agroecosystems in Ecuador

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Daniel Vera-Aviles ◽  
Carmita Suarez-Capello ◽  
Mercè Llugany ◽  
Charlotte Poschenrieder ◽  
Paola De Santis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Mixed System ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Pest Outbreaks ◽  
Ecological Mechanisms ◽  
Arthropod Abundance ◽  
Agricultural Production Systems

Banana and plantain (Musa spp.) are very important crops in Ecuador. Agricultural production systems based on a single cultivar and high use of external inputs to increase yields may cause changes in the landscape structure and a loss in biodiversity. This loss may be responsible for a decrease in the complexity of arthropod food webs and, at the same time, related to a higher frequency and range of pest outbreaks. Very little is known either about the ecological mechanisms causing destabilization of these systems or the importance of the diversity of natural enemies to keep pests under control. Few studies have focused on this issue in tropical ecosystems. Here, we address this problem, comparing two Musa-based agroecosystems (monocultivar and mixed-species plantations) at two sites in Ecuador (La Maná and El Carmen) with different precipitation regimes. The diversity of soil macro fauna, represented by arthropods, was established, as indicators of the abovementioned disturbances. Our ultimate goal is the optimization of pest management by exploring more sustainable cropping systems with improved soil quality. Arthropod abundance was higher in the mixed system at both localities, which was clearly associated with the quality of the soils. In addition, we found Hymenoptera species with predatory or parasitic characteristics over the pests present in the agroecosystems under study. These highly beneficial species were more abundant at the locality of La Maná. The mixed type of production system provides plant diversity, which favors beneficial arthropod abundance and permits lower agrochemical application without yield penalties in comparison to the monoculture. These findings will help in the design of Musa-based agroecosystems to enhance pest control.

scholarly journals A late Maastrichtian selachian assemblage from the Peedee Formation of North Carolina, USA.

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard R. Case ◽  
Todd D. Cook ◽  
Eric M. Saford ◽  
Kevin R. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Coastal Plains ◽  
Western Interior Seaway ◽  
Small Species

A diverse selachian fauna was collected from the Island Creek Member of the Peedee Formation at Castle Hayne, New Hanover County, North Carolina, USA. This inner neritic assemblage consists of 23 species from eight orders, 17 families, and 20 genera and includes the new species Ptychotrygon clementsi sp. nov.  The dentition of a few large macrophagous species with large palaeobiogeographical ranges is described. However, the majority of the reported specimens belong to relatively small species that are endemic to the southern regions of the Western Interior Seaway and the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal plains of North America.   

Arthropod Abundance and Diversity in Transgenic Bt Soybean

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1124-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huilin Yu ◽  
Yunhe Li ◽  
Xiangju Li ◽  
Kongming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Arthropod Abundance
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