Flight Capacity of the Walnut Twig Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) on a Laboratory Flight Mill

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aubree M. Kees ◽  
Andrea R. Hefty ◽  
Robert C. Venette ◽  
Steven J. Seybold ◽  
Brian H. Aukema
Keyword(s):  
Flight Mill ◽  
Flight Capacity ◽  
Walnut Twig Beetle

scholarly journals Flight Capacity ofBactrocera dorsalis(Diptera: Tephritidae) Adult Females Based on Flight Mill Studies and Flight Muscle Ultrastructure

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Chen ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Hui Ye ◽  
Ruiling Yuan ◽  
Xiaowei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Flight Mill ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Muscle Ultrastructure ◽  
Flight Capacity

scholarly journals Flight performance of Monochamus sartor and Monochamus sutor, potential vectors of the pine wood nematode

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Putz ◽  
Eva M. Vorwagner ◽  
Gernot Hoch
Keyword(s):  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Maximum Distance ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Flight Mill ◽  
Cumulative Distance ◽  
Flight Capacity

Abstract Flight performance of Monochamus sartor and Monochamus sutor, two potential vectors of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was evaluated in laboratory flight mill tests. Beetles emerging from logs infested in the laboratory and incubated under outdoor conditions as well as field collected beetles were used. The maximum distance flown by M. sartor in a single flight was 3,136.7 m. Mean distances (per beetle) per flight ranged from 694.6 m in females to 872.5 m in males for M. sartor. In 75% of all individual flights M. sartor flew less than 1 km; only 3.7% flew distances longer than 2 km. The mean cumulative distance travelled by M. sartor beetles throughout their lifespan was 7.5 km. The smaller M. sutor beetles flew faster and longer distances. The maximum distance per flight was 5,556.5 m; mean distances ranged from 1,653.6 m in females to 1178.3 m in males. The number of available laboratory reared beetles was too low for quantification of lifetime flight capacity for M. sutor. The findings are compared to published data from Monochamus galloprovincialis recorded on the same type of flight mill as well as to field data from mark-release-recapture studies. The high flight capacity of Monochamus beetles illustrates the importance of considering dispersal of the vectors when planning control measures against the pine wood nematode.

Flight capacity of the reindeer warble fly, Hypoderma tarandi (L.), and the reindeer nose bot fly, Cephenemyia trompe (Modeer) (Diptera: Oestridae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1228-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne C. Nilssen ◽  
John R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Migratory Behaviour ◽  
Free Flight ◽  
Flight Behaviour ◽  
Flight Mill ◽  
Flight Capacity ◽  
Cephenemyia Trompe ◽  
Hypoderma Tarandi

The performance of tethered flies on a laboratory flight mill was used to assess the flight capacity of Hypoderma tarandi (L.) and Cephenemyia trompe (Modeer). Maximum total flying times for H. tarandi females were 31.5 h, but most flies flew < 20 h (mean 8.5 h (SD 7.2 h)). The longest continuous flight was 12 h. For both species, mating greatly altered the flight behaviour of females. Unmated laboratory-reared females were reluctant to fly, and flew less continuously than mated wild-caught flies. Hypoderma tarandi males typically flew for short periods of a few minutes with long rests between flights. Cephenemyia trompe females seldom exceeded 10 h of total flying time (mean 4.9 h (SD 3.2 h), maximum 10.8 h), but were capable of many hours of sustained flight. Field-trapped C. trompe males normally flew < 8 h (mean 2.8 h (SD 2.1 h), maximum 7.1 h). In free flight the speed of C. trompe males was ≈8 m/s. Maximum flight distances during the lifetime of a fly were estimated to be 600–900 km for female H. tarandi, 220–330 km for female C. trompe, and 200–400 km for males of both species. Hypoderma tarandi could maximally reduce its mass to about 40% of initial mass, and the mass loss rate during flight was 3.5-fold that of basal metabolism (i.e., without flying) at 22 °C. The adaptive significance of the extraordinary capacity for sustained flight of female oestrids is related to the migratory behaviour of their vertebrate host, Rangifer tarandus (L.).

Baseline Flight Potential of Euschistus servus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Its Implications on Local Dispersal

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-708
Author(s):  
Arun Babu ◽  
Alejandro I Del Pozo-Valdivia ◽  
Dominic D Reisig
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Flight Mill ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Euschistus Servus ◽  
Flight Capacity ◽  
Local Dispersal

Abstract The brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say), is a damaging pest of multiple crops in the southeastern United States. In addition to crops, both the weedy field borders and wooded areas of a typical farmscape in this region harbor E. servus host plants, many of which are temporally and spatially limiting in availability or nutritional suitability. Therefore, local dispersal is required so that individuals efficiently track and utilize host resources. This research sought to establish the baseline flight capacity of adult E. servus across the season in relation to body weight, sex, and plant host use with a flight mill system. Across this 2-yr study, among the individuals with a flight response in the flight mill, 90.1% of individuals flew in a range of &gt;0–1 km, with an individual maximum flight distance of 15.9 km. In 2017, mean total distance flown varied across the season. Except for the individuals collected from corn in 2019, during both 2017 and 2019, the highest numerical mean flight potential occurred soon after overwintering emergence and a relatively low flight potential occurred during the cropping season. Individuals collected from wheat, corn, and early season weeds lost a higher proportion of body weight after flight than did individuals from soybean and late season weeds. The baseline dispersal potential information generated from this study can be extrapolated to the farmscape level aiming to develop, plan, and implement E. servus management programs.

scholarly journals Dispersal and colonization risk of the Walnut Twig Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, in southern Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Marchioro ◽  
Massimo Faccoli
Keyword(s):  
Spatiotemporal Data ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Geosmithia Morbida ◽  
Ne Italy ◽  
Pityophthorus Juglandis ◽  
Southwestern Usa ◽  
Walnut Twig Beetle ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe Walnut Twig Beetle (WTB), Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman, is a small bark beetle native to Mexico and Southwestern USA recorded for the first time in Europe (NE Italy) in 2013. WTB attacks walnut (Juglans spp.) and wingnut trees (Pterocarya spp.) and is the vector of Geosmithia morbida Kolarík et al., a pathogen causing the thousand cankers disease (TCD). WTB and TCD represent a serious threat for walnut orchards in Europe. Spatiotemporal data of the WTB-TCD infestations recorded from an 8-year-long (2013–2020) monitoring conducted in 106 walnut orchards of NE Italy were used to develop a model in order to analyze: (i) the effective dispersal capacity of WTB, (ii) the factors affecting dispersal and (iii) the colonization risk of healthy walnut orchards. We registered a mean annual dispersal of 9.4 km, with peaks of about 40 km. Pest dispersal is affected by distance of suitable hosts from the nearest infested site, number of walnut orchards in the surroundings (both infested and healthy), orchard size and walnut species in the orchard. Using the model, it was also possible to calculate the colonization risk of a specific walnut orchard according to its characteristics showing, for instance, that a medium-size (5,000 trees) black walnut orchard located at 25 km from the nearest infested orchard has an infestation risk of about 50% of probability.

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